CN107220182A - A kind of internal memory repeats release error-detecting method - Google Patents
A kind of internal memory repeats release error-detecting method Download PDFInfo
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
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Abstract
Release error-detecting method is repeated the invention discloses a kind of internal memory, belongs to technical field of software engineering.This method include setting up memory pool and operation queue pond, by debugged program in memory pool memory block apply each time or discharge in the operation queue corresponding to operation note to the memory block, the information that judges whether substantially to repeat release, recorded according to operation queue is positioned in program code causes the step such as code position of program error.The inventive method is rigorous, succinct and compact, and it is easy to implement, misarrangement is called to provide solid foundation for internal memory in particular by this data structure of memory pool and operation queue pond, in simpler efficiently location code internal memory can be caused to repeat to discharge the position of mistake relative to prior art, be a kind of important improvement that debugging technique is investigated to existing code.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of software engineering, particularly relate to a kind of internal memory and repeat release error-detecting method.
Background technology
Some high-level programming languages such as C, C++, because execution efficiency is high, the features such as exploitation program is flexible, by programmer
Extensive welcome;Especially C language occupies highly important status in embedded system development field.But this kind of development language
The but Shortcomings in the management of internal memory, especially apply for the Dram in heap, it is necessary to which developer oneself goes to safeguard.Once
Occur internal memory repeat discharge or access illegal address internal memory situations such as, will initiator severely subnormal, or even collapse.
To small-scale program, this defect is not protruded, just can be very easy by code walkthrough and debugging when internal memory operation is problematic
Ground navigates to problem, but for including the mega project of million line codes, program execution logic may be extremely complex, in this field
Such issues that EMS memory error is operated is positioned under scape can become very difficult.
Scientific research personnel and software developer's research practice method of many memory managements both at home and abroad, prevents exploitation at present
Human users' EMS memory error, it is main to include prevention and two kinds of technologies of static code Walkthrough.
1. prevention technique
Developer develop program when be related to management heap in internal memory when wants great care, typically follow " where Shen
Please, where discharge " principle, prevent only unsuitable position repeat releasing memory.This strategy has the field much failed
Scape, such as in many protocol developments, pass through message mechanism transmission information between different levels, it is often necessary to is sending layer application
The message internal memory, handles the message, and be responsible for release in receiving layer;Equally, it is necessary to by letter of transfer in some program development
Apply for heap memory in number, then by the memory address return to call function using and finally discharge.It can be seen that, preventative strategies only exist
It can use in small range program.
2. static code Walkthrough technology
When test phase runs into the faulty operation of internal memory, most direct idea is adjusted according to system crash scene export function
With stack, the memory block (i.e. target memory block) for causing system crash, the finder by the way of static code Walkthrough are navigated to
In mistake.
This mode mainly has two deficiencies:
1) the function call stack in system crash scene is to cause system crash " puppet " reason;
The function call stack before collapse can be obtained during system crash by some means, is such as used in embedded development
TRACE32 (a emulation testing instrument that German Lauterbach companies develop) crawl collapse scene.Function call stack
The reason for have recorded the execution flow before system crash in detail, and illustrate collapse.But it is not system crash under many scenes
Basic reason, simply last performance herein, such as internal memory repeat to discharge caused by system crash, therefore, adjusted according to function
Orientation problem is gone often to have no harvest with stack.
2) static code Walkthrough mode is very difficult
In some mega projects, the code of rows up to a million is generally comprised, it is compatible more in order to consider more preferable transplantability
Interface, substantial amounts of macrodefinition switch is usually contained in program, this causes to determine that valid code is very difficult;Even if successfully determining
Valid code, because the execution logic of program may be extremely complex, code walkthrough needs the branch traveled through may be very many, because
And still extremely expend energy.
In a word, there is restricted application, misarrangement complexity, inefficiency etc. and ask in internal-memory detection method of the prior art
Topic, it is difficult to adapt to heavy debugging efforts.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes that a kind of internal memory repeats release error-detecting method, and it can simply and efficiently be positioned
Logic error in the position for causing EMS memory error to discharge in code, quick investigation code.
Based on above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention is provided is:
A kind of internal memory repeats release error-detecting method, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) memory pool and operation queue pond are set up;Memory block one in operation queue and memory pool in operation queue pond
One correspondence, each memory block is included in memory block identification field, seizure condition field and data storage field, operation queue
Each element includes action type field, code file identification field, code line number field and operating time field;
(2) by debugged program is to the application each time of memory block in memory pool or discharges operation note to the memory block institute
In corresponding operation queue;
(3) for internal memory operation each time, if the type of this operation is releasing memory, and it is interior corresponding to this time operation
The seizure condition field of counterfoil is vacant, then triggers artificial system crash;
(4) when system occurs nature collapse or artificially collapsed, determined to cause the internal memory of system crash according to collapse scene
Block, searches the operation queue corresponding to the memory block from operation queue pond, and the information recorded according to the operation queue is in journey
Positioning causes the code position of program error in sequence code.
Optionally, the information recorded in step (4) according to operation queue is positioned in program code causes program error
The concrete mode of code position be:
(401) order of elements in operation queue is inverted and separately stored, form the mirror image operation team of origin operation queue
Row;
(402) element is taken out one by one since the head of current mirror image operation queue, be release until taking out action type
Element;
(403) element is further taken out from the head of current mirror image operation queue, judges the action type of the element, if behaviour
It is also release to make type, then positions the code position twice corresponding to continuous release operation, detection of end;If action type is Shen
Please, then subsequent step is continued;
(404) whether logic is matched the respective operations for two elements that judgement is finally taken out, the repeat step if matching
(402) subsequent step, is otherwise continued;
(405) searched backward since the head of current mirror image operation queue first with it is current last be removed
The application element of element logic matching, then the release element of Look-ahead recently since this application element are discharged, judges this most
Whether near release element matches with the application element logic in this step, if then positioning involved two release member in this step
The corresponding code position of element, detection of end;Otherwise element is taken out one by one up to taking since the head of current mirror image operation queue
Go out the nearest release element described in this step, then repeat this step (405).
Optionally, the storage form of operation queue is circle queue.
From narration above as can be seen that the beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is:
1st, the present invention in detail and imperfectly records the service condition of memory block using operation queue pond, is that internal memory calls misarrangement
There is provided solid foundation.
2nd, the inventive method improves the susceptibility to code error by way of introducing artificial system crash, is easy to fast
Where speed exposure mistake.
3rd, the present invention successfully solves the shortcoming of the technology such as prevention technique in the prior art and static code Walkthrough technology, no
Need to determine valid code according to macrodefinition, it is not necessary to the substantial amounts of program of Walkthrough, uniquely perform flow according to system dynamic, no
But obvious internal memory can be navigated to and repeat release Bug, it has also been discovered that the Bug that internal memory in Complicated Flow repeats release is hidden in,
Improve the efficiency for solving the problems, such as system crash.
In a word, the inventive method is rigorous, succinct and compact, and is easy to implement, in particular by memory pool and operation
This data structure in queue pond calls misarrangement to provide solid foundation for internal memory, can be simpler efficient relative to prior art
Cause internal memory to repeat to discharge the position of mistake in ground location code, be to investigate a kind of of debugging technique to existing code important to change
Enter.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to clearly describe this patent, one or more accompanying drawing is provided below, these accompanying drawings are intended to this patent
Background technology, technical principle and/or some specific embodiments make aid illustration.It should be noted that these accompanying drawings can
It can not also provide some to provide and have been described and belong to known in those of ordinary skill in the art often at this patent word segment
The detail of knowledge;Also, because one of ordinary skill in the art can combine the published word content of this patent completely
And/or accompanying drawing content, more accompanying drawings, therefore these accompanying drawings below are designed in the case where not paying any creative work
Can cover can not also cover all technical schemes that this patent word segment is described.In addition, these accompanying drawings is specific interior
Containing needs the word content with reference to this patent to be determined, when the word content of this patent is substantially tied with some in these accompanying drawings
, it is necessary to which to carry out comprehensive descision be this on earth with reference to the narration of the common knowledge and this patent other parts of this area when structure is not consistent
The word segment of patent, which exists to exist in clerical mistake, or accompanying drawing, draws mistake.Especially, the following drawings is the figure of example property
Piece, it is not intended that imply the protection domain of this patent, one of ordinary skill in the art is by reference to the text disclosed in this patent
Word content and/or accompanying drawing content, can design more accompanying drawings, these are new in the case where not paying any creative work
Technical scheme representated by accompanying drawing is still within the protection domain of this patent.
Fig. 1 is the data structure schematic diagram of internal memory in the embodiment of the present invention;
Flow chart when Fig. 2 is system operation in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of misarrangement process in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Understanding for the ease of those skilled in the art to the art of this patent scheme, meanwhile, in order that the technology of this patent
Purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effect are clearer, and the protection domain of claims is fully supported, below with tool
The form of body case the technical scheme of this patent is made further, more detailed description.
A kind of internal memory repeats release error-detecting method, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) memory pool and operation queue pond are set up;Memory block one in operation queue and memory pool in operation queue pond
One correspondence, each memory block is included in memory block identification field, seizure condition field and data storage field, operation queue
Each element includes action type field, code file identification field, code line number field and operating time field;
(2) by debugged program is to the application each time of memory block in memory pool or discharges operation note to the memory block institute
In corresponding operation queue;
(3) for internal memory operation each time, if the type of this operation is releasing memory, and it is interior corresponding to this time operation
The seizure condition field of counterfoil is vacant, then triggers artificial system crash;
(4) when system occurs nature collapse or artificially collapsed, determined to cause the internal memory of system crash according to collapse scene
Block, searches the operation queue corresponding to the memory block from operation queue pond, and the information recorded according to the operation queue is in journey
Positioning causes the code position of program error in sequence code.
Optionally, the information recorded in step (4) according to operation queue is positioned in program code causes program error
The concrete mode of code position be:
(401) order of elements in operation queue is inverted and separately stored, form the mirror image operation team of origin operation queue
Row;
(402) element is taken out one by one since the head of current mirror image operation queue, be release until taking out action type
Element;
(403) element is further taken out from the head of current mirror image operation queue, judges the action type of the element, if behaviour
It is also release to make type, then positions the code position twice corresponding to continuous release operation, detection of end;If action type is Shen
Please, then subsequent step is continued;
(404) whether logic is matched the respective operations for two elements that judgement is finally taken out, the repeat step if matching
(402) subsequent step, is otherwise continued;
(405) searched backward since the head of current mirror image operation queue first with it is current last be removed
The application element of element logic matching, then the release element of Look-ahead recently since this application element are discharged, judges this most
Whether near release element matches with the application element logic in this step, if then positioning involved two release member in this step
The corresponding code position of element, detection of end;Otherwise element is taken out one by one up to taking since the head of current mirror image operation queue
Go out the nearest release element described in this step, then repeat this step (405).
This mode that origin operation queue is saved as into mirror image queue is showed ingenuity because follow-up investigation be all according to when
Between order investigate forward, " investigating sequentially in time " this operation is caused using the data structure of this mirror image queue just
It is consistent with " first in first out " rule of queue, and the element after investigation is rejected from queue, and this causes troubleshooting procedure non-
Often realized easily by the mode of iteration, it is seen that the data structure of this mirror image queue is conducive to improving the algorithm effect of misarrangement algorithm
Rate.
Optionally, the storage form of operation queue is circle queue.
Specifically, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, a kind of internal memory repeats release error-detecting method, and it comprises the following steps:
Step 1, memory pool as shown in Figure 1 and operation queue pond are set up;
For memory pool, whole memory field is divided into T memory block, these memory blocks can be with equal in magnitude, can also
Differ in size, each memory block includes build information (state and mark M_ID of memory block).Memory block can be used when realizing
Similar following structure body:
When memory block is already allocated to application program, its state is occupied state;When releasing memory block, its state is by accounting for
Idle state is converted into state.M_ID is identified from 0 to T-1, is unique mark of each memory block in memory pool, while being internal memory
The key that pond maps to operation queue pond;For operation queue pond, it includes T equal-sized memory blocks, each memory block
It is an operation queue, the n times operation of memory block in memory pool can be accommodated, each operation includes four information:Action type
(application discharges), file identification, line number and time., be to behaviour when the internal memory in application program or releasing memory pond
Make to add operation in queue, analyze and use when system crash.Operation queue can use similar following structure body when realizing:
Because the memory block in memory pool can be operated repeatedly, limited memory headroom does not allow completely in operation queue pond
Record all operations of memory block, it is possible to which the at most only record n times operation, and operation queue is set of each operation queue is set
It is set to the storage form of circle queue.
Step 2, activation system, performs debugged program, and all internal memory operations of debugged program enter in memory pool
OK, and operate and be all recorded in operation queue pond every time.
Calling system API applies for internal memory in memory pool and operation queue pond to system on startup, and it is initialized,
The interface for applying for internal memory and releasing memory function is provided for application program simultaneously, be no longer system call malloc and free that
Mode, needs to provide file identification, line number and the system time called, so as in operation in these interfaces of application call
These information are recorded in queue.When application program specify size internal memory when, system found from memory pool Idle state and
The memory block M that size is met returns to application program, and modification M build status information is occupied state, according to M build information M_
Corresponding operation queue, the file identification that application program is provided, line number and system time information in ID search operation queues pond
An operation is combined into, and is added in operation queue, while being moved after the rear pointer of operation queue;When application program discharges certain
During the memory block M of individual address, system is according to M build information M_ID, and corresponding operation queue in search operation queue pond should
File identification, line number and the system time information provided with program is combined into an operation, and is added in operation queue, simultaneously
After the rear pointer of operation queue move, after the completion of inquire about M build state, if occupied state, be revised as Idle state, this is released
Put operation to terminate, if Idle state, current operation releases the original internal memory for Idle state, this is that obvious internal memory repeats to release
Put.
Significantly, since the memory block being applied will in occupied state and can not be by other processes
Or thread is applied, therefore be not in continuous two applications operation in operation queue.If continuous in operation queue occur two
Release operation, then belong to obvious internal memory and repeat release mistake, now this method can cause the artificial collapse of system, so that in time
Terminator simultaneously enters misarrangement flow, and being easy to quick exposure, debugging is missed side by side.Generally, all operations in operation queue
It is what is arranged with applying for the form alternate with discharging, but potential logic is there may be between the disparate modules of debugged program
Mistake, causes the internal memory of a module application to be discharged by another module, then when the module of application internal memory again reads off the internal memory
Read error just occurs during block, so as to cause the natural collapse of system, now this method is that can enter misarrangement flow to help to use
Search where mistake at family.
Step 3, misarrangement flow is entered when system is collapsed.The flow is as shown in Figure 3:
1. the order of elements in operation queue is inverted and separately stored, form the mirror image operation queue of origin operation queue;
2. element is taken out one by one since the head of current mirror image operation queue, until taking out member of the action type for release
Plain P;
3. an element Q is further taken out from the head of current mirror image operation queue, judges element Q action type, if behaviour
It is also release to make type, then positions the code position twice corresponding to continuous release operation, detection of end;If action type is Shen
Please, then subsequent step is continued;
4. judge whether logic is matched the two elements P and Q respective operations finally taken out, the repeat step if matching
2., subsequent step is otherwise continued;
5. first and last current releasing of being removed are searched backward since the head of current mirror image operation queue
Put the application element of element logic matching, then since Look-ahead is nearest in current mirror image operation queue this application element
Element is discharged, judges whether the nearest release element matches with the application element logic in this step, if then representing one
Application operation occurs in that the release operation of continuous two logics matching, and this is that a potential internal memory repeats release mistake, now
The corresponding code position of the two release operations, detection of end can be positioned;Otherwise represent that the nearest release element is probably
The reason for causing EMS memory error, now take out element one by one since the head of current mirror image operation queue nearest up to taking out this
Release element, then repeat this step 5..
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that " current " in above method obviously refers to pair of " current " the place linguistic context
Answer the moment, therefore " the current mirror image operation queue " in different step is obviously not necessarily element identical queue.
It is wrong that " logic matching " so-called in above method refers to that logic is not present with the release corresponding code of operation in application operation
By mistake.
In above method, the queue element (QE) is deleted from the queue after " taking-up " queue element (QE) from queue.
In a word, the present invention successfully solves the shortcoming of the technologies such as prevention technique, static code Walkthrough technology, it is not necessary to according to
Macrodefinition determines valid code, it is not necessary to the substantial amounts of program of Walkthrough, according to the unique execution flow of system dynamic, can not only position
Release Bug is repeated to obvious internal memory, it has also been discovered that being hidden in the Bug that internal memory in Complicated Flow repeats release, improves and understands
Certainly the efficiency of system crash problem, is a kind of important improvement to prior art.
It should be noted that " step " so-called in patent claims book refers to for realizing appointing for this patent method
A necessary links in one idiographic flow, and not comprising the restriction to step execution sequence, those of ordinary skill in the art are complete
On the basis of all can reaching the internal logic between each step in understanding of a certain claim of this patent, the specific execution to these steps
Order makes the various actual arrangements for meeting this internal logic.Therefore, any one applies institute in a certain claim of this patent
Have step, meet these steps between it is internal logic, for realizing this patent method, and with specific execution sequence
Specific steps sequence, within the protection domain of this patent.
It is to be appreciated that to be intended merely to facilitate this area common for the above-mentioned narration for this patent embodiment
The individual example description that technical staff understands this patent scheme and enumerated, does not imply that the protection domain of this patent is limited solely to
In this few example, those of ordinary skill in the art completely can on the premise of making and fully understanding to the art of this patent scheme,
In the form of not paying any creative work, by taking each example cited by this patent combination technique feature, replacement
Some technical characteristics, the more technical characteristics of addition etc. mode, obtain more embodiments, all these specific implementations
Mode is within the covering scope of patent claims book, therefore, and these new embodiments also should be in this patent
Protection domain within.
In addition, for the purpose for simplifying narration, this patent may also not enumerate some ordinary specific embodiments, this
A little schemes are that those of ordinary skill in the art can expect naturally after it understanding of the art of this patent scheme, it is clear that this
A little schemes should be also included within the protection domain of this patent.
For the purpose for simplifying narration, above-mentioned each embodiment may only up to for the extent of disclosure of ins and outs
The degree that can voluntarily make a decision to those skilled in the art, i.e. for above-mentioned embodiment without disclosed ins and outs,
Those of ordinary skill in the art completely can be in the case where not paying any creative work, in filling for the art of this patent scheme
Divide under prompting, completed by means of the disclosed document of textbook, reference book, paper, patent, audio-visual product etc., or, this
A little details are the contents that can be voluntarily maked decision according to actual conditions under being generally understood that of those of ordinary skill in the art.
It can be seen that, even if these underground ins and outs, the open adequacy of the art of this patent scheme will not also be impacted.
In a word, it is any on the basis of explanation effect of the patent specification to claims protection domain is combined
The specific embodiment of patent claims book covering scope is fallen into, within the protection domain of this patent.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of internal memory repeats release error-detecting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) memory pool and operation queue pond are set up;A pair of memory block 1 in operation queue and memory pool in operation queue pond
Should, each memory block includes each in memory block identification field, seizure condition field and data storage field, operation queue
Element includes action type field, code file identification field, code line number field and operating time field;
(2) by debugged program to corresponding to the application each time of memory block in memory pool or release operation note to the memory block
Operation queue in;
(3) for internal memory operation each time, if the type of this operation is releasing memory, and the corresponding memory block of this time operation
Seizure condition field to be vacant, then trigger artificial system crash;
(4) when system occurs nature collapse or artificially collapsed, determined to cause the memory block of system crash according to collapse scene, from
The operation queue corresponding to the memory block is searched in operation queue pond, the information recorded according to the operation queue is in program code
Middle positioning causes the code position of program error.
2. internal memory according to claim 1 repeats release error-detecting method, it is characterised in that according to behaviour in step (4)
Make the information that queue recorded the concrete mode of the code position for causing program error positioned in program code be:
(401) order of elements in operation queue is inverted and separately stored, form the mirror image operation queue of origin operation queue;
(402) element is taken out one by one since the head of current mirror image operation queue, until taking out member of the action type for release
Element;
(403) element is further taken out from the head of current mirror image operation queue, judges the action type of the element, if operation class
Type is also release, then positions the code position twice corresponding to continuous release operation, detection of end;If action type is application,
Then continue subsequent step;
(404) whether logic is matched the respective operations for two elements that judgement is finally taken out, the repeat step (402) if matching,
Otherwise subsequent step is continued;
(405) first and currently last release being removed are searched backward since the head of current mirror image operation queue
The application element of element logic matching, then the release element of Look-ahead recently since this application element judges that this is nearest
Whether release element matches with the application element logic in this step, if then positioning involved two release element in this step
Correspondence code position, detection of end;Otherwise element is taken out one by one since the head of current mirror image operation queue up to taking out this
Nearest release element described in step, then repeats this step (405).
3. internal memory according to claim 1 repeats release error-detecting method, it is characterised in that the operation queue is deposited
Storage form is circle queue.
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CN109799992A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-24 | 交控科技股份有限公司 | A kind of city rail traffic signal system software buffer area range check method |
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