CN107208929A - 锅炉 - Google Patents

锅炉 Download PDF

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CN107208929A
CN107208929A CN201680007253.9A CN201680007253A CN107208929A CN 107208929 A CN107208929 A CN 107208929A CN 201680007253 A CN201680007253 A CN 201680007253A CN 107208929 A CN107208929 A CN 107208929A
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chamber
channel
clearance channel
flat clearance
boiler according
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CN107208929B (zh
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D·格尔林
N·福尔克曼
A·古尔
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Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/30—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections
    • F24H1/32—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections with vertical sections arranged side by side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D1/0325—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D1/0333—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having integrated connecting members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/0005—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F28D21/0007—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/04—Reinforcing means for conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种锅炉，其包括构造用于接收和引导热废气的腔(1)，所述腔由两个折边地构造的并且相对彼此夹层式布置的板元件(2)包围并且与构造在板元件(2)之间的用于冷却热废气的导流装置(3)连接。根据本发明设置，导流装置(3)构造为完全包围腔(1)的扁平间隙通道。

Description

锅炉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的锅炉。
背景技术
开头所述类型的锅炉由专利文献EP 2 735 812 A2公知。所述锅炉由构造用于接收和引导热废气的腔构成，所述腔由大量折边地构造的并且相对彼此夹层式布置的板元件包围并且与大量分别构造在板元件之间的用于冷却热废气的导流装置连接。在此，所提及的导流装置布置在所述腔下方。由此，热废气从腔流入到设置有交叉肋或槽的导流装置中并且从那里流入到废气收集腔中。热废气的热量至对由板元件形成的本体进行绕流的水的传递在此特别是在被加装肋状物的并且包围导流装置的袋式装置(Tasche)的区域中进行。
发明内容
根据在权利要求1的前序部分中所用的条件、即所述腔由两个板元件构成在此表示，在一定程度上作为基本模块地原则上设置至少两个板元件，也就是说，通常根据本发明(如同在开头所提及的现有技术的情况中那样)然而不是仅仅设置有两个板元件而是设置有一整列或大量板元件。这同样在此相应地适用于导流装置。由此，通过板元件的数量确定腔的长度或大小。
本发明的任务在于，改善开头所述类型的锅炉。特别是应该实现一种具有改善的热传递的锅炉。此外应该降低钙化的风险和材料的热负荷。
该任务借助于开头所述类型的锅炉通过权利要求1的特征部分中所提及的特征来解决。
也就是说，根据本发明设置，用于形成废气在腔侧起始的通道流的导流装置构造为完全包围所述腔的由废气流过的扁平间隙通道。
换句话说，根据本发明的解决方案的特征由此特别是在于，所述腔构造为由构造为扁平间隙通道的导流装置完全包围，也就是说，废气到包围板元件的载热介质上的热传递不再仅仅在所述腔下方进行，而是在径向完全包围所述腔的扁平间隙通道中进行。热废气因此并且由此与前述的现有技术相反地完全到达导流装置中，从而通过在圆周方向上的均匀分布使得在进入到扁平间隙通道时将热负荷最小化。
在此，扁平间隙通道可以理解为下述的导流装置，所述导流装置具有入口横截面、出口横截面和在所述入口横截面和出口横截面之间基本上平坦的由板元件限界的通道，其中，平行于废气的主流动方向定向的通道长度构造为比通道的高度或通道中在板元件之间的间距大多倍。出于稳定性原因(这在下文中更详细地说明)，板元件在此可以在扁平间隙通道的区域中设置有支撑在对置的板元件上的凸起部或者诸如此类。
在根据本发明的解决方案的一个特别优选的实施方式中在此设置，扁平间隙通道构造为由收集通道包围，所述收集通道由板元件形成并且相对于扁平间隙通道扩宽，所述收集通道用于接收和引导被冷却的废气。为了可以使根据本发明的锅炉作为冷凝式锅炉运行(这在下文中更详细地说明)，此外在此特别优选地设置，收集通道构造为背离所述腔地通到第二扁平间隙通道中。
其他有利的扩展方案由从属权利要求得出。
出于完整性的原因还可参考另外提交的文献EP 1 989 499 B1和DE 10 2008 037762 A2。
附图说明
下面根据三个实施例的附图详细地说明根据本发明的锅炉连同所述锅炉的根据从属权利要求所述的有利的扩展方案。
附图中：
图1以横截面示出根据本发明的具有总共十六个夹层式接合的分别由两个板元件构成的袋式装置的锅炉；
图2示出根据图1的锅炉的立体图；
图3以截面图示出图1中所示的锅炉的、四个夹层式接合的、分别由两个板元件构成的袋式装置；
图4以截面图示出图1中所示的锅炉的、由两个板元件构成的、一个单个的袋式装置；
图5以截面图示出由两个板元件限界的、根据本发明的具有在腔侧的入口横截面和在收集通道侧的出口横截面的扁平间隙通道的细部图；
图6示出由两个板元件构成的用于根据本发明锅炉的袋式装置的立体外视图；
图7以俯视图示出用于根据本发明的锅炉的板元件的一个替换的实施方式；和
图8以俯视图示出用于根据本发明的锅炉的板元件的一个另外的实施方式。
具体实施方式
图1中所示的锅炉首先仅仅由构造用于接收和引导热废气的腔1构成。热废气在此借助于(未特别示出的)燃烧器(特别是燃气或燃油燃烧器)产生，其中，所述燃烧器能够可选地布置在腔1自身中，所述腔于是形成燃烧室，或者所述燃烧器如同在根据开头所述的EP2 735 812 A2的解决方案中那样能够布置在位于腔1之前的燃烧室中。在这两种情况中，在与燃烧器对置的端部上布置用于封闭所述腔1的盖元件10。
如同由附图可看到的那样，腔1由两个折边地构造的或深冲的并且相对彼此夹层式布置的、特别是彼此焊接的板元件2包围并且与构造在板元件2之间的用于冷却热废气的导流装置3连接。板元件2在俯视图中如图6和7所示地优选地具有椭圆形的形状，所述板元件在此优选地由钢、特别是不锈钢构成。
此时对于根据本发明的锅炉、亦即对于所有可能的实施方式重要的是，导流装置3构造为完全包围腔1的扁平间隙通道。
所述条件导致，从腔流出的热废气在扁平间隙通道中被分配到大的热传递面上并且由此在低的钙化倾向下可以在低温或者甚至冷凝式运行中实现高的冷却率或冷凝率(为此优选地设置第二扁平间隙通道6，对此进一步在下文中更详细地探讨)。并且因为多个冷凝物最终具有同样高的效率，所以基于本发明最终可能的是，非常成本低廉地制造紧凑的、非常有效的冷凝式锅炉。
如同特别是在图5中可容易看到的那样，在此特别优选地设置，扁平间隙通道构造为由布置在腔侧的入口横截面3.1和背离所述腔地布置的出口横截面3.2限界。在此，此外不仅入口横截面3.1而且出口横截面3.2构造为完全包围腔1并且(这适用于根据图1至6的实施方式)入口横截面3.1和出口横截面3.2之间的间距构造为优选(然而非强制地)完全恒定。
为了实现热流密度尽可能均匀地分布，此外优选地设置，可选地入口横截面3.1设置有入口轮廓和/或出口横截面3.2设置有出口轮廓。
如同此外由附图可看到的那样，特别优选地设置，扁平间隙通道平行于废气的主流动方向具有下述的长度，所述长度相应于限定扁平间隙通道的边界的板元件2的间距的多倍。在具体数量上来说，特别优选地设置，扁平间隙通道在板元件2相对彼此大约0.5至4毫米的间距(间隙宽度)的情况下具有例如30至150毫米的间隙长度。
为了使从外部作用于板元件2的水压(这在下文中更详细地说明)不导致根据本发明的扁平间隙通道变形，此外优选地设置，在板元件2之间在扁平间隙通道的区域中设置有支撑元件4。所述支撑元件在此以自身公知的方式可选地构造为凸出部或纵向延伸的加强筋，其中，然而原则上根据本发明适用的另外的条件是，在入口横截面3.1和出口横截面3.2之间板元件2的间距(除了必要时出于稳定性原因设置的单独的支撑元件4以外)为了形成扁平间隙通道而构造为相同的，也就是说，所述扁平间隙通道由具有在行程上至多最小改变的间距的平坦的壁限界。
此外特别优选地设置，扁平间隙通道构造为通过由板元件2形成的并且相对于扁平间隙通道扩宽的用于接收和引导被冷却的废气(包括冷凝物)的收集通道5包围，由此同样得出，收集通道5构造为完全包围腔1并且与扁平间隙通道的出口横截面3.2连接。
为了更进一步提高冷凝率，在根据图1至6的实施方式中在此附加地设置，收集通道5构造为背离所述腔地通到第二扁平间隙通道6中。所述第二扁平间隙通道6在此优选地、如特别是图6中所示地构造为镰刀形(或者如同圆环的区段那样)地包围收集通道5的区段。
此外设置，可选地第一扁平间隙通道(即导流装置3，参见图7)直接地、收集通道5或者第二扁平间隙通道6构造为背离收集通道地通到第二腔7中。所述第二腔7为了使冷凝物特别好地(优选垂直地)流出而布置在第一腔1下方并且同样由板元件构成，所述第二腔构造为具有废气排出接头9的废气收集腔。此外在此在考虑废气的体积在冷却时减小的情况下设置，腔1具有下述的体积，所述体积构造为大于废气收集腔的体积。
如图1和2可看到的那样，此外优选地设置，壳体8由两个平行于板元件2定向的端板8.1和布置在两个端板8.1之间的完全包围板元件2的外壳8.2构成。在此壳体8此外优选地在下部设置有输入接头8.3并且优选地在上部设置有用于液体载热介质的输出接头8.4。
此外再次换句话说，优选地设置，两个板元件2形成构造用于引导废气的袋式装置。在根据图1至6的锅炉中，如上已述地总共十六个所述的袋式装置通过相应的包围腔1和第二腔7的折边彼此连接、特别是彼此焊接。由多个袋式装置构成的袋式装置组接着布置在以液体载热介质(特别是热循环水)填充的壳体8中。
图8中最后还示出一个实施方式，其中，不仅第一扁平间隙通道而且第二扁平间隙通道6由多个彼此平行地延伸的单个间隙通道构成(当然也可以相应地仅仅构成第一扁平间隙通道或者仅仅构成第二扁平间隙通道)。所述单个间隙通道在此可以构造为不同长度的并且具有不同的间隙高度。如同上文可选地所述的那样，在这个实施例中为了构造大量单个间隙通道，支撑元件4不是构造为凸出部，而是构造为呈纵向延伸的加强筋的形式。
根据本发明的锅炉如下所述地运行：
位于腔1中的热废气通过根据本发明构造为扁平间隙通道的导流装置3流到收集通道5中。基于间隙流，废气可以在此将其热量的大部分输出给包围袋式装置的载热介质(热循环水)。所述载热介质经过输入接头8.3(也称为回流接头)流到壳体8中，并且所述载热介质经过输出接头8.4(也称为入流接头)离开。
在根据图1至6的实施方式中，到达收集通道5中的、已显著地被冷却的废气接着经过基于间隙流可再次将大量热量传递给热循环水的第二扁平间隙通道6到达构造为废气收集腔的第二腔7。从那里(在那里取决于重力地也收集全部积累的冷凝物以从锅炉排出)使得在此期间被极大冷却的废气经过废气排出接头9到达建筑物的烟囱(未特别示出)，锅炉安装在所述建筑物中。
附图标记列表：
1 腔
2 板元件
3 导流装置
3.1 入口横截面
3.2 出口横截面
4 支撑元件
5 收集通道
6 第二扁平间隙通道
7 第二腔
8 壳体
8.1 端板
8.2 外壳
8.3 输入接头
8.4 输出接头
9 废气排出接头
10 盖元件

Claims (10)

1.一种锅炉，其包括构造用于接收和引导热废气的腔(1)，所述腔由两个折边地构造的并且相对彼此夹层式布置的板元件(2)包围并且与构造在所述板元件(2)之间的用于冷却所述热废气的导流装置(3)连接，其特征在于，所述导流装置(3)构造为完全包围所述腔(1)的扁平间隙通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述扁平间隙通道构造为由布置在腔侧的入口横截面(3.1)和背离所述腔布置的出口横截面(3.2)限界。
3.根据权利要求2所述的锅炉，其特征在于，不仅所述入口横截面(3.1)而且所述出口横截面(3.2)构造为完全包围所述腔(1)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述扁平间隙通道平行于废气的主流动方向具有下述的长度，所述长度相应于限定所述扁平间隙通道的边界的板元件(2)的间距的多倍。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的锅炉，其特征在于，在所述板元件(2)之间在所述扁平间隙通道的区域中设置有支撑元件(4)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述扁平间隙通道构造为由收集通道(5)包围，所述收集通道由所述板元件(2)形成并且相对于所述扁平间隙通道扩宽，所述收集通道用于接收和引导被冷却的废气。
7.根据权利要求6所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述收集通道(5)构造为背离所述腔地通到一第二扁平间隙通道(6)中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述第二扁平间隙通道(6)构造为背离所述收集通道地通到第二腔(7)中。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的锅炉，其特征在于，两个板元件(2)形成构造用于引导废气的袋式装置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述袋式装置布置在引导液态载热介质的壳体(8)中。
CN201680007253.9A 2015-01-26 2016-01-22 锅炉 Active CN107208929B (zh)

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