CN107205236B - Fairness promotion method applied to inter-cell relay cellular network load balancing - Google Patents

Fairness promotion method applied to inter-cell relay cellular network load balancing Download PDF

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CN107205236B
CN107205236B CN201710367243.2A CN201710367243A CN107205236B CN 107205236 B CN107205236 B CN 107205236B CN 201710367243 A CN201710367243 A CN 201710367243A CN 107205236 B CN107205236 B CN 107205236B
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CN107205236A (en
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张宏泽
鲁蔚锋
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Nanjing Digitgate Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
    • H04W16/10—Dynamic resource partitioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/18—Network planning tools
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution

Abstract

The invention discloses a fairness promotion method applied to inter-cell relay cellular network load balancing, which is characterized in that an overload cellular cell, a shared relay station and adjacent cells around the overload cellular cell form a resource distribution and communication transmission system structure; and realizing load transfer by combining an inter-cell relay model of frequency spectrum division and time slot division, redistributing the subcarriers by a scheduling scheme based on distance weight, and determining the optimal coverage radius of each relay according to different loads of adjacent cells. In a cellular cell system, a spectrum time slot division model-based shared relay load balancing scheme is arranged between two adjacent cells, and a distance weight-based subcarrier redistribution algorithm and an inter-cell relay coverage radius optimization scheme are designed on the basis, so that the resource utilization rate of the cellular cell system and the overall user fairness of the cellular cell system can be improved.

Description

Fairness promotion method applied to inter-cell relay cellular network load balancing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a fairness improvement method applied to inter-cell relay cellular network load balancing.
Background
Because Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) adopts orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDM) modulation technology in a cell, intersymbol interference (ISI) is effectively eliminated, and intra-cell interference is avoided. However, in OFDMA wireless cellular communication systems, different cells use the same spectrum resources, resulting in severe inter-cell interference (ICI). Especially for users at the cell edge, their quality of service (QoS) is severely affected. In the prior art, it is not very good to reduce system interference and improve system resource utilization rate by using simple inter-cell handover for load transfer, and a way is urgently needed to overcome the problems of unbalanced load distribution, low carrier resource utilization rate and low system fairness in the existing cellular network system.
A cooperative communication system resource allocation method (application number: 201610662327.4) based on energy efficiency optimization comprises the following steps: establishing a system model, analyzing a system scene, resolving a problem, and solving an optimization problem by using a convex optimization method. The invention considers the system energy efficiency under time average, and the energy efficiency algorithm based on time average not only considers the current system performance, but also considers the system performance at the moment before the current moment, thereby ensuring the fairness of system resource allocation, giving the mathematical expression of user fairness, and skillfully obtaining a simpler power subcarrier self-adaptive allocation formula through operation.
L TE-A-oriented relay directional configuration joint frequency division multiplexing method (application number: 201410198834.8) improves the frequency spectrum utilization rate of the system by utilizing the directivity of a directional antenna, reduces the same frequency interference between cells according to the direction and angle configuration joint frequency spectrum allocation scheme of the relay directional antenna, controls the mutual interference between a relay station and a macro cellular base station, and improves the system performance.
The technical scheme does not solve the problem of load balance of the cellular system and the problem of user fairness among cells and in cells.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fairness promotion method applied to inter-cell relay cellular network load balancing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a fairness promotion method applied to inter-cell relay cellular network load balancing is characterized in that an overload cell, a shared relay station and six adjacent cells around the overload cell form a resource distribution and communication transmission structural system. The cellular base station collects the load information of each cell, calculates the carrier wave requirement, and coordinates the transfer of the users at the edge of the overloaded cellular cell in cooperation with the shared relay station. In the cellular system, the frequency reuse factor is 1, the frequency reuse pattern is 1 × 6, the cell is approximately 6-sided, and is divided into 6 sectors, and users in the sectors at different positions use subcarriers of different carrier sets. In the whole design method, the method is mainly divided into two parts: one is to form one resource allocation and communication transmission architecture by the overloaded cell, the shared relay station and six neighboring cells around the overloaded cell. And secondly, determining an interference model by combining frequency spectrum division and time slot division, determining redistribution weight according to the distance between the user and the service base station in the cell and determining a relay optimization scheme according to the load capacity of the adjacent cell, so as to fully and reasonably improve the fairness of the system.
The following is illustrated in an OFDMA cellular system downlink scenario:
the main variables and their definitions:
RBS: coverage radius of cell BS
β path loss exponent of link in cellular system
r: distance of target user MS to its service base station
ri: distance between target user MS and ith adjacent cell base station BS
w: sub-carrier bandwidth
Rreq: minimum data rate required by user
PBS: transmission power of cell BS
sloti: indicates the ith time slot
Figure BDA0001301897350000021
Which represents the signal-to-interference ratio of the link in the ith slot of the slot.
Figure BDA0001301897350000022
Representing the number of remaining subcarriers in the BS area.
Figure BDA0001301897350000023
Indicating the number of remaining subcarriers in the RS region.
Wi: representing the load of the ith cell.
Figure BDA0001301897350000024
Indicating the speed of the i-th adjacent cellThe expectation of the rate.
E(RT): indicating the desire for the target overloaded cell talk rate.
Figure BDA0001301897350000025
Indicating relay coverage radius
Forming a resource allocation and communication transmission system structure by the overload cell, the shared relay station and the adjacent cells around the overload cell; and realizing load transfer by combining an inter-cell relay model of frequency spectrum division and time slot division, redistributing the subcarriers by a scheduling scheme based on distance weight, and determining the optimal coverage radius of each relay according to different loads of adjacent cells. Setting a frequency spectrum division and time slot division model, specifically:
1) in a downlink transmission model of the system, each transmission frame is divided into two time slots, for adjacent cells, relay transmission from a Base Station (BS) to a Relay (RS) between the cells and direct connection transmission from the BS to a user Mobile Station (MS) are performed in the first time slot, and relay transmission from the RS to the MS is performed in the second time slot; for the target cell, both timeslots are BS-to-MS direct transmission.
2) The frequency reuse mode is 1 × 6, the spectrum division scheme with reuse factor of 1 divides the total carrier into 6 different subcarrier sets, each cell is divided into 6 sectors with equal area, each sector adopts one set of subcarrier set, the sectors at the same position in the cell adopt the same subcarrier set, and the subcarrier set adopted in the relay area is from the sector corresponding to the nearest adjacent cell.
Then, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the cellular base station collects the load information of each cell and calculates the carrier wave requirement;
if the threshold value is not exceeded, directly carrying out subcarrier allocation;
if the threshold value is exceeded, executing the step 2;
step 2: optimizing the coverage radius of different relays according to the time slot of the cellular system and different load conditions of each adjacent cell;
and step 3: load transfer, calculating subcarrier requirements, and performing primary distribution;
and 4, step 4: after load transfer, respectively calculating the residual number of subcarriers in each region, and carrying out subcarrier redistribution based on a subcarrier distribution algorithm of distance weight;
and 5: and after the load balancing execution is finished, the cellular base station layer updates the load information and returns to the step 1.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: when the first time slot of the call request is initial, the cellular base station layer calculates that each call meets the minimum speed requirement RreqThe number of subcarriers of (a); and integrating the corresponding range to obtain the total number of the sub-carriers required by all the users in the current cell, and then performing sub-carrier pre-allocation.
Calculating the signal-to-interference ratio of the link in the ith time slot of the time slot, and calculating the requirement that each call link meets the lowest rate in different time slotsreqNumber of subcarriers of (a):
Figure BDA0001301897350000031
Figure BDA0001301897350000032
preferably, the threshold is 90% of the maximum number of subcarriers.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: when the optimal value of the relay coverage radius is calculated, for the ith relay coverage area, the load W of the available subcarriers and the ith adjacent celliAnd (4) correlating. When load W of target cell0When known, the relay coverage radius is
Figure BDA00013018973500000411
When the following constraint condition is satisfied, and the variance of the average call rate among the cells in the cellular system is the lowest, the corresponding relay coverage radius value is the optimal value.
Figure BDA0001301897350000041
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: based on the frequency spectrum division and time slot division strategies, edge users of different partitions in an overloaded cell carry out load transfer to a corresponding light-load adjacent cell through a shared relay station, the transferred users and the nearest partition of the corresponding adjacent cell share a set of carrier wave set, the subcarrier requirements are calculated according to the interference condition, and the primary allocation of the subcarriers is carried out.
The step 4 specifically comprises the following steps: after load transfer, respectively calculating the remaining number of subcarriers in each region
Figure BDA0001301897350000042
And
Figure BDA0001301897350000043
carrying out subcarrier redistribution based on a subcarrier distribution algorithm of distance weight;
the redistribution algorithm based on the distance weight specifically comprises the following steps: for BS area, the distance of each MS to its serving base station BS
Figure BDA0001301897350000044
Total distance D from all MS to BS in the areaTThe ratio of (a) to (b) is used as a fairness factor; for RS region, the distance from each MS to the relay RS
Figure BDA0001301897350000045
The ratio to the total distance of all MSs to the RS in the region serves as a fairness factor. Each MS obtains the number of the sub-carriers to be re-distributed, wherein the number is equal to the fairness factor and the residual number of the sub-carriers in the corresponding area.
The fairness factor based on the distance and the obtained redistribution resources are obtained as follows:
BS area: fairness factor:
Figure BDA0001301897350000046
and (4) resource reallocation:
Figure BDA0001301897350000047
and RS region: fairness factor:
Figure BDA0001301897350000048
and (4) resource reallocation:
Figure BDA0001301897350000049
when the total number of subcarriers k obtained by a certain MSiWhen determined, the call rate can be calculated by the following equation (4):
Figure BDA00013018973500000410
the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts a frequency time slot model with a multiplexing factor of 1 and a frequency multiplexing mode of 1 x 6 to reduce the system interference, and sub-carrier redistribution according to distance weight is carried out according to the residual sub-carrier resources of the system after load to improve the fairness in the cell, and the optimal covering radius of each relay is determined according to different loads of the adjacent cell to improve the fairness among the cells. The problems of unbalanced load distribution, low carrier resource utilization rate and low system fairness in the existing cellular network system are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a shared relay station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum division model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a timeslot division model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a fairness promotion method applied to load balancing of a relay cellular network between cells according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
Example (b): the method comprises the steps of forming a resource allocation and communication transmission system structure by an overloaded cell, a shared relay station and six adjacent cells around the overloaded cell, then realizing load transfer by combining an inter-cell relay model of frequency spectrum division and time slot division, redistributing sub-carriers by a scheduling scheme based on distance weight, and improving the fairness of the system by optimizing relay coverage radius.
First, a shared relay station is set in the vicinity between cells, as shown in fig. 1 below. Assume coverage radius R of each cellBS100m, the number of users in the target cell is 74, the number of users in 6 adjacent cells is 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, and each cell is uniformly distributed, the total number of subcarriers K in the cell is 512, the bandwidth w of the subcarriers is 30KHZ, the path loss exponent β is 2, the basic data rate R required by each user is 2reqIs 256 Kbps.
Secondly, the overloaded cell, the shared relay station and six adjacent cells around the overloaded cell form a basic architecture of resource allocation and communication transmission. As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the setting of the spectrum division and time slot division model specifically includes:
1) in a downlink transmission model of the system, each transmission frame is divided into two time slots, for adjacent cells, relay transmission from a Base Station (BS) to a Relay (RS) between the cells and direct connection transmission from the BS to a user Mobile Station (MS) are performed in the first time slot, and relay transmission from the RS to the MS is performed in the second time slot; for the target cell, both timeslots are BS-to-MS direct transmission.
2) The frequency reuse mode is 1 × 6, the spectrum division scheme with reuse factor of 1 divides the total carrier into 6 different subcarrier sets, each cell is divided into 6 sectors with equal area, each sector adopts one set of subcarrier set, the sectors at the same position in the cell adopt the same subcarrier set, and the subcarrier set adopted in the relay area is from the sector corresponding to the nearest adjacent cell.
Then, referring to the flowchart shown in fig. 4, the following steps are performed:
step 1: at the beginning of the first time slot of the call request, the cellular base station layer calculates that each call meets the minimum rate requirement R according to the formulas (1) and (2)reqAnd integrating the corresponding range to obtain the total number of the subcarriers required by all users in the current cell, then performing subcarrier pre-allocation, and judging whether the number of the subcarriers exceeds a threshold value, wherein the threshold value is 90% of the maximum number of the subcarriers. Calculated to have exceeded the threshold, then executeAnd 2. step 2.
Calculating the minimum rate requirement R met by each call link in different time slotsreqNumber of subcarriers of (a):
Figure BDA0001301897350000061
calculating the signal-to-interference ratio of the link in the ith time slot of the time slot:
Figure BDA0001301897350000062
step 2: and (3) optimizing the coverage radius of different relays according to the time slot of the cellular system and different load conditions of each adjacent cell, and executing the step.
When the optimal value of the relay coverage radius is calculated, for the ith relay coverage area, the load W of the available subcarriers and the ith adjacent celliAnd (4) correlating. When load W of target cell0When known, the relay coverage radius is
Figure BDA0001301897350000063
When the following constraint condition is satisfied, and the variance of the average call rate among the cells in the cellular system is the lowest, the corresponding relay coverage radius value is the optimal value. According to the calculation, the values of the 6 relays at this time are 20,23,27,33,41,43, respectively.
Figure BDA0001301897350000064
And step 3: based on the frequency spectrum division and time slot division strategies, carrying out load transfer on edge users of different partitions in an overloaded cell to a corresponding light-load adjacent cell through a shared relay station, sharing a set of carrier sets by the transferred users and the nearest partition of the corresponding adjacent cell, calculating the subcarrier requirements according to the interference condition, carrying out primary subcarrier distribution, and executing the step 4;
and 4, step 4: after load transfer, respectively calculating the remaining number of subcarriers in each region
Figure BDA0001301897350000065
And
Figure BDA0001301897350000066
carrying out subcarrier redistribution based on a subcarrier distribution algorithm of distance weight, and then executing the step 5;
the redistribution algorithm based on the distance weight specifically comprises the following steps: for BS area, the distance of each MS to its serving base station BS
Figure BDA0001301897350000067
Total distance D from all MS to BS in the areaTThe ratio of (a) to (b) is used as a fairness factor; for RS region, the distance from each MS to the relay RS
Figure BDA0001301897350000068
The ratio to the total distance of all MSs to the RS in the region serves as a fairness factor. Each MS obtains the number of the sub-carriers to be re-distributed, wherein the number is equal to the fairness factor and the residual number of the sub-carriers in the corresponding area.
The fairness factor based on the distance and the obtained redistribution resources are obtained as follows:
BS area: fairness factor:
Figure BDA0001301897350000071
and (4) resource reallocation:
Figure BDA0001301897350000072
and RS region: fairness factor:
Figure BDA0001301897350000073
and (4) resource reallocation:
Figure BDA0001301897350000074
when the total number of subcarriers k obtained by a certain MSiWhen determined, the call rate can be calculated by the following equation (4).
Figure BDA0001301897350000075
Finally, the optimal radiuses 20,23,27,33,41 and 43 of the RS can obtain that the average throughput rate of each adjacent cell is basically between 523Kbps and 574Kbps, so that the fairness among the system cells is guaranteed. And the variance of the average call rate of each sector in the cell is between 7 and 28, which shows that the user fairness in the cell is better satisfied.
And 5: and after the load balancing execution is finished, the cellular base station layer updates the load information and returns to the step 1.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention. The technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.

Claims (6)

1. A fairness promotion method applied to inter-cell relay cellular network load balancing is characterized in that:
forming a resource allocation and communication transmission system structure by the overload cell, the shared relay station and the adjacent cells around the overload cell;
the method comprises the steps that load transfer is achieved through an inter-cell relay model combining frequency spectrum division and time slot division, subcarriers are redistributed through a scheduling scheme based on distance weight, and the optimal coverage radius of each relay is determined according to different loads of adjacent cells;
step 1: the cellular base station collects the load information of each cell and calculates the carrier wave requirement;
if the threshold value is not exceeded, directly carrying out subcarrier allocation;
if the threshold value is exceeded, executing the step 2;
step 2: optimizing the coverage radius of different relays according to the time slot of the cellular system and different load conditions of each adjacent cell;
and step 3: load transfer, calculating subcarrier requirements, and performing primary distribution;
and 4, step 4: after load transfer, respectively calculating the residual number of subcarriers in each region, and carrying out subcarrier redistribution based on a subcarrier distribution algorithm of distance weight;
the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
the redistribution algorithm based on the distance weight specifically comprises the following steps: for BS area, the distance of each MS to its serving base station BS
Figure FDA0002524462080000011
Total distance D from all MS to BS in the areaTThe ratio of (a) to (b) is used as a fairness factor; for RS region, the distance from each MS to the relay RS
Figure FDA0002524462080000012
The ratio of the total distance from all MS to RS in the area is used as a fairness factor; each MS obtains the number of the sub-subcarrier to be re-distributed as a fairness factor and the residual number of the sub-carriers in the corresponding area;
the fairness factor based on the distance and the obtained redistribution resources are obtained as follows:
BS area: fairness factor:
Figure FDA0002524462080000013
and (4) resource reallocation:
Figure FDA0002524462080000014
and RS region: fairness factor:
Figure FDA0002524462080000015
and (4) resource reallocation:
Figure FDA0002524462080000016
when the total number of subcarriers k obtained by a certain MSiWhen determined, the call rate can be calculated by the following equation (4):
Figure FDA0002524462080000017
Figure FDA0002524462080000018
indicates the number of remaining subcarriers of the BS area,
Figure FDA0002524462080000019
indicates the number of remaining subcarriers of the RS region,
Figure FDA0002524462080000021
representing the signal-to-interference ratio of the link in the ith time slot of the time slot;
and 5: and after the load balancing execution is finished, the cellular base station layer updates the load information and returns to the step 1.
2. The fairness promotion method applied to load balancing of inter-cell relay cellular networks according to claim 1, wherein a spectrum division and time slot division model is set, specifically:
in a downlink transmission model of the system, each transmission frame is divided into two time slots, for adjacent cells, relay transmission from a Base Station (BS) to a Relay (RS) between the cells and direct connection transmission from the BS to a user Mobile Station (MS) are performed in the first time slot, and relay transmission from the RS to the MS is performed in the second time slot; for the target cell, two time slots are both direct connection transmission from the BS to the MS;
the frequency reuse mode is 1 × 6, the spectrum division scheme with reuse factor of 1 divides the total carrier into 6 different subcarrier sets, each cell is divided into 6 sectors with equal area, each sector adopts one set of subcarrier set, the sectors at the same position in the cell adopt the same subcarrier set, and the subcarrier set adopted in the relay area is from the sector corresponding to the nearest adjacent cell.
3. The fairness promotion method applied to load balancing of the inter-cell relay cellular network according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step 1 specifically includes:
when the first time slot of the call request is initial, the cellular base station layer calculates that each call meets the requirement of the lowest rateRreqThe number of subcarriers of (a); and integrating the range of all users in the current cell to obtain the total number of subcarriers required by all users in the current cell, then performing subcarrier pre-allocation, and judging whether the number exceeds a threshold value:
calculating the signal-to-interference ratio of the link in the ith time slot of the time slot, and calculating the requirement that each call link meets the lowest rate in different time slotsreqNumber of subcarriers of (a):
Figure FDA0002524462080000022
Figure FDA0002524462080000023
wherein β is the path loss exponent of the link in the cellular system, r is the distance from the target user MS to its serving base station, r is the distance between the target user MS and its serving base stationi: the distance from the target user MS to the ith adjacent cell base station BS; w: a subcarrier bandwidth; pBS: a transmission power of a cell BS; sloti: indicating the ith slot.
4. The fairness promotion method applied to load balancing of inter-cell relay cellular networks according to claim 3, wherein: the threshold is 90% of the maximum number of subcarriers.
5. The fairness promotion method applied to load balancing of the inter-cell relay cellular network according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step 2 specifically includes:
when the optimal value of the relay coverage radius is calculated, for the ith relay coverage area, the load W of the available subcarriers and the ith adjacent celliCorrelation; when load W of target cell0When known, the relay coverage radius is
Figure FDA0002524462080000031
When the following constraint condition is satisfied, the variance of the average call rate among the cells in the cellular system is minimizedAnd then, the corresponding relay coverage radius value is an optimal value:
Figure FDA0002524462080000032
Figure FDA0002524462080000033
Figure FDA0002524462080000034
W0＞τ (3)
Figure FDA0002524462080000035
indicating a desire for a talk rate of an ith neighbor cell; e (R)T): indicating the desire for the target overloaded cell talk rate.
6. The fairness promotion method applied to load balancing of the inter-cell relay cellular network according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step 3 specifically includes:
based on the frequency spectrum division and time slot division strategies, edge users of different partitions in an overloaded cell carry out load transfer to a corresponding light-load adjacent cell through a shared relay station, the transferred users and the nearest partition of the corresponding adjacent cell share a set of carrier wave set, the subcarrier requirements are calculated according to the interference condition, and the primary allocation of the subcarriers is carried out.
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