CN107205103B - Ultra-high speed compression photographic device based on compressed sensing and stripe camera principle - Google Patents
Ultra-high speed compression photographic device based on compressed sensing and stripe camera principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN107205103B CN107205103B CN201710244844.4A CN201710244844A CN107205103B CN 107205103 B CN107205103 B CN 107205103B CN 201710244844 A CN201710244844 A CN 201710244844A CN 107205103 B CN107205103 B CN 107205103B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
Abstract
The invention provides a super-high speed compression photographic device based on compressed sensing and stripe camera principle, which comprises: the system comprises a lens, a beam splitter, a spatial light modulator, a plane mirror, a stripe camera with a built-in CCD and a decoder; firstly, captured image information is coded through a spatial light modulator, then image information at different moments is overlapped and compressed and sampled by adopting a stripe camera, and finally an image is reconstructed based on a compressed sensing principle. The device can perform two-dimensional imaging on the ultrafast process under the condition of a certain imaging speed of the stripe camera, output image information to the decoder, reconstruct a two-dimensional image dynamic process (x-y-t) with high quality by a TwinT algorithm, has the imaging speed of 10^12 frames/second, and is a single photographing measurement technology capable of measuring unrepeated ultrafast events.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrafast imaging, and relates to a two-dimensional image measurement technology which can be used for the ultrafast physical, chemical, biological and other processes with nanosecond and picosecond magnitude, and can be used for measuring picosecond laser pulses with any shapes in time-frequency domain, observing micro-nano processing dynamic processes, analyzing molecular structure change dynamic processes in a strong light field and the like.
Background
Capturing transient scene images at high speed has been a dream and goal pursued by photographers, the most typical early examples being the recording of running horses in 1878 and the recording of supersonic bullet shots in 1887. However, this ultra-high speed imaging has not been breached until the end of the twentieth century, when the imaging speed was 10^5 frames per second. Later, the advent of Charge Coupled Device (CCD) and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) based electronic imaging sensors has revolutionized the awareness of high speed imaging, allowing imaging speeds of up to 10^7 frames per second. Although such sensors have a very wide range of impact and applications, the imaging speed based on CCD and CMOS technologies is limited by the chip memory and electronic readout speed, and therefore it is impossible to further increase the imaging speed, limiting many practical applications in the relevant field, such as measuring light speed or moving objects close to light speed.
Until 2014, a technology based on the combination of compressive sensing theory and stripe camera, i.e., the first generation Compressed ultra fast imaging (CUP) technology, which can capture non-repetitive change events, was developed by a research team of the biomedical engineering system, living Wang, university of st louis washington, usa. The streak camera records events occurring at each instant in space coordinates, and its sensitivity determines the performance of the cpu. Currently, the device has enabled imaging speeds up to 10^11 frames per second, which is the fastest worldwide-accepted camera to date.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-high-speed compression photographic device based on compressed sensing and a stripe camera principle, which can reconstruct the dynamic image information of ultrafast physical, chemical, biological and other processes in nano-second or even picosecond magnitude with high quality.
The specific technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a superhigh speed compression photographic device based on compressed sensing and stripe camera principle is characterized in that the device comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a beam splitter, a first spatial light modulator, a second spatial light modulator, a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror, a third plane mirror, a fourth plane mirror, a stripe camera with a built-in CCD and a decoder, wherein the first lens is connected with the beam splitter in a light path; one path of the beam splitter is connected with the first spatial light modulator, the second lens and the first plane mirror in turn through light paths; the other path of the beam splitter is connected with a second spatial light modulator, a third lens and a second plane mirror in sequence through light paths; the first plane mirror is connected with the third plane mirror through a light path; the second plane mirror is connected with the fourth plane mirror through a light path; the third plane mirror and the fourth plane mirror are respectively connected with a stripe camera with a built-in CCD; the stripe camera with the built-in CCD is connected with the decoder.
And the total optical paths of the two light paths split by the beam splitter are equal through each optical device.
The beam splitter satisfies that the energy of the reflected and transmitted two paths of light radiation is the same, namely 50% of the light is reflected and 50% of the light is transmitted; one path of light reflected by the beam splitter reaches the second lens after being modulated by the first spatial light modulator, and one path of light transmitted by the beam splitter reaches the third lens after being modulated by the second spatial light modulator.
The second spatial light modulator is arranged on an image plane of the first lens, and the first spatial light modulator is arranged on an equivalent image plane according to the optical path of the reflection optical path; the first spatial light modulator and the second spatial light modulator encode image information at different moments.
The first plane mirror, the third plane mirror, the second plane mirror and the fourth plane mirror respectively change the direction of a light path, and light is reflected to enter the stripe camera with the built-in CCD.
The stripe camera with the built-in CCD receives light reflected by the third plane mirror and the fourth plane mirror, and in use, the slit of the stripe camera is opened to the maximum to obtain a two-dimensional time shift image in the CCD camera, namely a superposition image of a plurality of images within a single exposure time. In application, the CCD combines nine pixels (3 x 3) together for use to increase detection sensitivity.
The decoder stores the CCD camera image, performs three-dimensional decoding reconstruction of the time-shifted two-dimensional image obtained by the streak camera, and outputs a decoded dynamic image (x-y-t).
The invention encodes the image information at different moments through the spatial light modulator, and then decodes the two-dimensional time shift image obtained from the stripe camera by using the decoder to reconstruct the two-dimensional dynamic image information (x-y-t). The information of the radiation of light that can be obtained using a spatial light modulator is more diversified than the 0-1 binary encoding produced by a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD).
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention uses the Hamamatsu C7700 stripe camera, the imaging speed can reach 10^12 frames per second, and the imaging speed is improved by 5 orders of magnitude compared with the imaging speed of a common camera device; compared with the existing CUP system, the method is improved by one order of magnitude.
(2) The invention can realize the reconstruction of the space-time three-dimensional information (x-y-t) and can directly observe the dynamic change of the ultrafast process.
(3) The invention is a single-shot measurement, which can measure non-repeated or irreversible occurrence.
(4) The invention encodes the dynamic image information through the spatial light modulator, can generate the Gaussian matrix password, and obviously improves the quality of the reconstructed image compared with the quality of the reconstructed image of the conventional CUP system.
The device has the advantages of receiving type, multi-color regeneration, multi-frame imaging and high pixel, can measure the irreversible and ultra-fast occurrence of 1000 multiplied by 300(x-y-t) pixels at a time, and has the time resolution reaching picosecond magnitude. In addition, the data stored in the invention is compressed and coded two-dimensional data, has the characteristics of small memory occupation and high safety, and has wide application prospect in the fields of large data information safety, satellite safety communication and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a Gaussian beam enhancement followed by attenuation;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a process of enhancing and then attenuating a simulated Gaussian beam according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a process diagram of a gaussian beam enhanced first and then attenuated based on the simulation of the prior CUP system.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention comprises a first lens 1, a second lens 2, a third lens 3, a beam splitter 4, a first spatial light modulator 5, a second spatial light modulator 6, a first plane mirror 7, a second plane mirror 8, a third plane mirror 9, a fourth plane mirror 10, a stripe camera 11 with a built-in CCD and a decoder 12, wherein the first lens 1 is connected with the beam splitter 4 through a light path; one path of the beam splitter 4 is connected with a second spatial light modulator 6, a third lens 3 and a second plane mirror 8 in sequence through light paths; the other path of the beam splitter 4 is connected with the first spatial light modulator 5, the second lens 2 and the first plane mirror 7 in sequence through light paths; the second plane mirror 8 is connected with the fourth plane mirror 10 through an optical path; the first plane mirror 7 is connected with the third plane mirror 9 through a light path; the fourth plane mirror 10 and the third plane mirror 9 are respectively connected with a stripe camera 11 with a built-in CCD; the stripe camera 11 with the built-in CCD is connected to the decoder 12.
The functions and requirements of the devices of the invention are as follows: the beam splitter 4 is connected to the first lens 1, and should be strictly satisfied that the energy of the reflected and transmitted two optical radiations is the same, i.e. 50% of the light is reflected and 50% of the light is transmitted; first and second spatial Light modulators 5 and 6 (SLM) respectively receive two paths of Light split by the beam splitter 4, and respectively send the Light into the second and third lenses 2 and 3 after performing spatial intensity modulation on the Light, where the position requirements of the first and second spatial Light modulators 5 and 6 require that the second spatial Light Modulator 6 should be directly placed on the image plane of the first lens 1, and the first spatial Light Modulator 5 should also be placed on the equivalent image plane according to the strict equality of the optical paths of the two optical paths; the first and third plane mirrors 7 and 9 and the second and fourth plane mirrors 8 and 10 respectively play a role in changing the direction of the light path in two paths of light, and finally reflect the light into a stripe camera 11 with a built-in CCD; the stripe camera 11 with the built-in CCD receives the light reflected by the third and fourth plane mirrors 9 and 10 and images by the built-in CCD camera; the decoder 12 stores the CCD camera image, performs three-dimensional decoding reconstruction of the time-shifted two-dimensional image, and outputs a decoded moving image.
The positions of all optical devices in the invention have requirements, and the optical path lengths of two paths of light rays should be equal besides the coaxial arrangement.
The working process of the invention is divided into a forward process and an inversion process, wherein the forward process comprises the following steps: the high-speed dynamic scene is imaged by a first lens and then reaches a beam splitter to form two paths of light paths; one path of the two paths of light paths enters the second lens after being coded by the first spatial light modulator, and the other path of light enters the third lens after being coded by the second spatial light modulator; the first plane mirror and the third plane mirror reflect the light information coming out of the first spatial modulator in the first light path to enable the light information to enter the stripe camera, and the second plane mirror and the fourth plane mirror change the direction of the light information coming out of the second spatial modulator in the other light path to enable the light information to enter the stripe camera; and the stripe camera moves the longitudinal position of the coded scenes entering at different moments, and finally, the coded scenes are compressed and imaged on a display screen of the CCD camera. The inversion process is as follows: the decoder receives the encoded and compressed two-dimensional data image from the CCD and utilizes a TwinT algorithm to perform inversion reconstruction to obtain three-dimensional data (x-y-t) containing high-speed dynamic processes.
Examples
This example simulates the single nanoparticle luminescence process.
The components of this embodiment are arranged with reference to fig. 1. The light reaches the beam splitter 4 through the first lens 1, then is divided into two paths of light with equal intensity, the reflected light path reaches the second lens 2 after being modulated by the first spatial light modulator 5, similarly, the transmitted light path reaches the third lens 3 after being modulated by the second spatial light modulator 6, the two paths of light beams enter the stripe camera 11 with the built-in CCD through the placement of the four plane mirrors 7, 8, 9 and 10, and finally the decoder 12 receives an image shot by the built-in CCD of the stripe camera and performs image decoding reconstruction by using a TwinT algorithm.
The working process of the embodiment:
the high-speed dynamic scene is imaged by the first lens 1 and then reaches the beam splitter 4 to form two paths of light paths; one path of the two paths of light paths enters the second lens 2 after being coded by the first spatial light modulator 5, and the other path of light paths enters the third lens 3 after being coded by the second spatial light modulator 6; the first plane mirror 7 and the third plane mirror 9 reflect the light information coming out from the first spatial modulator 5 in the first optical path to make the light information enter the stripe camera 11, and the second plane mirror 8 and the fourth plane mirror 10 change the direction of the light information coming out from the second spatial modulator 6 in the other optical path to make the light information enter the stripe camera 11; the stripe camera 11 moves the longitudinal position of the coded scenes entering at different moments, and finally, the coded scenes are compressed and imaged on a display screen of the CCD camera. Finally, the decoder 12 receives the encoded and compressed two-dimensional data image from the CCD and utilizes the TwinST algorithm to perform inversion reconstruction to obtain three-dimensional data (x-y-t) containing a high-speed dynamic process.
The diversification of the light radiation intensity control by the Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) in the present invention is embodied in that the code at each pixel position is not necessarily 0 or 1, but may be a randomly selected value. As represented by the matrix (1), the information of the optical radiation will be more diversified.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, fig. 2 is a process diagram of gaussian beam enhancement and then attenuation, and fig. 3 is a process diagram of simulated gaussian beam enhancement and then attenuation based on the present invention.
Comparative example
In the early compact ultra-high speed photography device (CUP), only one DMD is used to control the optical path, so that only a single optical path in the beam splitter is used. The control of the intensity of the light radiation by the digital micro-device (DMD) can be represented by a matrix (2) (illustrated by 5 x 5 pixels), when the light output from the previous device passes through the DMD, the DMD is equivalent to an optical switch, 1 passes and 0 does not pass, so that the light radiation carrying the image information will add a pseudo-random binary code.
In fact, if the light beam is divided into several beams, and each beam passes through a DMD and then is superimposed on the CCD camera at the same time, similar effects can be achieved, as shown in formula (3), more than two cases occur when two random matrices of 0-1 are added, so that the effect of diversifying the light radiation information occurs when a plurality of DMDs are superimposed.
The inability to continuously regulate multiple DMDs results in large errors in the experiment and is also overly redundant in scale.
Compared with the existing high-speed photography technology, the method has the obvious advantage that an x-y-t event is measured by taking a picture by a single camera, wherein x and y are space coordinates, and t is a time coordinate, so that a transient occurrence event can be observed, and the application of a streak camera enables the time resolution to reach the picosecond magnitude. Furthermore, similar to conventional imaging, the present invention only receives images and therefore does not require special active illumination as other single-shot imaging, and thus can image luminescence processes, such as object fluorescence or bioluminescence.
Compared with the fastest CUP system at present, the invention not only realizes double-channel sampling, but also overcomes the defect that only pseudorandom 0-1 binary coding can be provided by using a Digital Micro Device (DMD) in the CUP system. On the basis of more comprehensive sampling information, the SLM can be used for precisely regulating and controlling the light intensity, so that the regulation and control distribution of the light intensity can be changed from original binaryzation to diversification, and the difference between two images can be more obviously distinguished, even the small difference between two adjacent images within a short time interval. Specifically, a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) is used to replace the original DMD, and the fringe camera simultaneously receives two paths of Light radiation modulated by the SLM. Since the SLM can continuously regulate and control the light intensity, the purpose of collecting the light information in a diversified manner can be achieved by regulating and controlling the spatial light modulator, which is equivalent to multi-channel sampling.
Reference is made to fig. 4, as well as to fig. 2 and 3. FIG. 4 is nine graphs showing the process of reconstructing single nanoparticle luminescence by using the CUP system in the comparative example. Obviously, the simulation result of the present invention is more suitable for the original process, whether from the variation trend between images or the slight difference between two adjacent images. The dual-channel diversified information acquisition can improve the accuracy of signal reconstruction and can further solve the observation problem of a more precise microscopic instantaneous process.
Claims (5)
1. The ultra-high-speed compression photographing device based on the compression sensing and stripe camera principle is characterized by comprising a first lens (1), a second lens (2), a third lens (3), a beam splitter (4), a first spatial light modulator (5), a second spatial light modulator (6), a first plane mirror (7), a second plane mirror (8), a third plane mirror (9), a fourth plane mirror (10), a stripe camera (11) with a built-in CCD and a decoder (12), wherein the first lens (1) is connected with the beam splitter (4) through an optical path; one path of the beam splitter (4) is connected with the first spatial light modulator (5), the second lens (2) and the first plane mirror (7) in sequence through light paths; the other path of the beam splitter (4) is connected with a second spatial light modulator (6), a third lens (3) and a second plane mirror (8) in sequence through light paths; the first plane mirror (7) is connected with the third plane mirror (9) through an optical path; the second plane mirror (8) is connected with the fourth plane mirror (10) through the light path; the third plane mirror (9) and the fourth plane mirror (10) are respectively connected with a stripe camera (11) with a built-in CCD; a stripe camera (11) with a built-in CCD is connected with a decoder (12); wherein:
the first plane mirror (7), the third plane mirror (9), the second plane mirror (8) and the fourth plane mirror (10) respectively change the direction of a light path, and light is reflected into a stripe camera (11) with a built-in CCD;
the high-speed dynamic scene is imaged by the first lens (1) and then reaches the beam splitter (4) to form two paths of light paths; one path of the two paths of light paths enters the second lens (2) after being coded by the first spatial light modulator (5), and the other path of light paths enters the third lens (3) after being coded by the second spatial light modulator (6); the first plane mirror (7) and the third plane mirror (9) reflect the light information coming out of the first spatial light modulator (5) in the first light path to enable the light information to enter the stripe camera (11), and the second plane mirror (8) and the fourth plane mirror (10) change the direction of the light information coming out of the second spatial light modulator (6) in the other light path to enable the light information to enter the stripe camera (11); the stripe camera (11) moves the longitudinal position of the coded scenes entering at different moments, and finally, the coded scenes are compressed and imaged on a display screen of the CCD camera; and then a decoder (12) receives the two-dimensional data image after the coding compression from the CCD, and three-dimensional data (x-y-t) containing a high-speed dynamic process is reconstructed by inversion.
2. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the total optical length of the two optical paths split by the beam splitter (4) is equal.
3. The camera device according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam splitter (4) is such that the energy of the reflected and transmitted two light radiations is the same, i.e. 50% of the light is reflected and 50% of the light is transmitted.
4. The photographing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second spatial light modulator (6) is placed on an image plane of the first lens (1), and the first spatial light modulator (5) is placed on an equivalent image plane according to an optical path length of a reflected optical path; the first spatial light modulator (5) and the second spatial light modulator (6) encode image information at different times.
5. The camera device according to claim 1, wherein the built-in CCD stripe camera (11) receives the light reflected from the third plane mirror (9) and the fourth plane mirror (10), and obtains a time-shifted two-dimensional image, which is a superimposed image of several images in a single exposure time, in the built-in CCD camera.
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| CN107124614B (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2019-12-13 | 华东师范大学 | Image data compression method with ultrahigh compression ratio |
| CN109186785A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-11 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of time space measure device of ultrafast laser field |
| CN109218583B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2023-09-01 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Ultrafast two-dimensional array imaging system based on transmission type compression imaging system |
| CA3126179C (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2022-09-20 | Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique | Single-shot compressed optical-streaking ultra-high-speed photography method and system |
| CN117408875A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-01-16 | 阿尔玻科技有限公司 | Method, storage medium and apparatus for reconstructing compressed ultrafast photographic images |
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