CN107202570B - Water level flow rate monitoring integration device, monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Water level flow rate monitoring integration device, monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107202570B CN107202570B CN201710576174.6A CN201710576174A CN107202570B CN 107202570 B CN107202570 B CN 107202570B CN 201710576174 A CN201710576174 A CN 201710576174A CN 107202570 B CN107202570 B CN 107202570B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water level flow rate monitoring integration device, monitoring system and monitoring methods, described device includes indicator water measurement module, radar flow velocity measurement module, measuring wind speed module and flow rate calculation module, and the indicator water measurement module, radar flow velocity measurement module and measuring wind speed module are connect respectively with flow rate calculation module；Indicator water measurement module, for the real time water level data of non-contact measurement river/channel；Radar flow velocity measurement module, for the real-time surface velocity data of non-contact measurement river/channel；Measuring wind speed module, for measuring real-time air speed data with correction surface flow velocity；Flow rate calculation module, for according to waterlevel data, flow speed data and air speed data, with reference to river/controlling channel section relevant parameter of input, the uninterrupted of current time river/controlling channel section to be calculated.The present invention can monitor the water level and flow velocity of river/channel in real time, and can realize real-time flow monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring integration device, monitoring system and monitoring method, especially a kind of water level flow velocity streams
Monitoring integration device, monitoring system and monitoring method are measured, belongs to hydrologic monitoring technical field.
Background technology
In hydrologic monitoring, flow monitoring is core content therein and monitors one of difficulty maximum, traditional prison
Survey means are generally required to be completed by water under survey crew, and flow measurement heavy workload, time-consuming, and measurement efficiency is low, is measured
The experimental technology of precision and survey crew have much relations, and the flow measurement of pluvial age is just more difficult to realize.
With the progress of Water Conservancy Information technology, contactless measuring technique is by safe and efficient measurement method, standard
The advantages such as true measurement result have obtained significant progress, and the water level and flow rate measuring device of radar type are promoted at home
Using the website especially created in recent years.But research of the country based on contactless radar flow measurement equipment is less,
Not yet form ripe product.
On the one hand, what radar flow measurement apparatus measured is water surface flow velocity, and wind speed may influence surface velocity, especially
The coastal river such as estuary is proximate to, so as to influence radar flow velocity measurement result, it is therefore necessary to correct flow velocity measurement result.
On the other hand, to calculate the data on flows in river, in addition to water level to be obtained and flow velocity these hydrographic datas, also
The relevant parameters such as elevation, roughness, gradient with reference to control section, using basic datas such as the hydrological models of the river section, this
Sample can just obtain accurate uninterrupted.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of water level flow rate monitoring one
Body makeup is put, and the monitoring integration device is simple in structure, easy to use, can monitor the water level and flow velocity of river/channel in real time,
And river/controlling channel section the uninterrupted at current time can be calculated according to the control section relevant parameter of input,
So as to fulfill real-time flow monitoring.
Second object of the present invention is that providing a kind of water level flow rate monitors system, which can be with telemetering work(
Can, facilitate and realize remote flow monitoring, substantially increase the efficiency of flow measurement, improve the safety of survey crew.
Third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water level flow rate monitoring method.
First purpose of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
A kind of water level flow rate monitoring integration device, the monitoring integration device include indicator water and measure mould
Block, radar flow velocity measurement module, measuring wind speed module and flow rate calculation module, the indicator water measurement module, radar flow velocity
Measurement module and measuring wind speed module are connect respectively with flow rate calculation module；
The indicator water measurement module, for the real time water level data of non-contact measurement river/channel；
The radar flow velocity measurement module, for the real-time surface velocity data of non-contact measurement river/channel；
The measuring wind speed module, for measuring real-time air speed data with correction surface flow velocity；
The flow rate calculation module, for according to waterlevel data, flow speed data and air speed data, with reference to input river/
The uninterrupted of current time river/controlling channel section is calculated in controlling channel section relevant parameter；Wherein, the control
Section relevant parameter processed includes elevation, roughness and gradient parameter.
Further, the indicator water measurement module uses the radar transceiver of K-band, and modulation system is linear frequency modulation
Continuous wave modulation system；
The radar flow velocity measurement module uses the radar transceiver of K-band, and modulation system is continuous wave modulating mode；
The measuring wind speed module uses wind speed and direction measuring instrument；
The flow rate calculation module uses microcontroller.
Second object of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
A kind of water level flow rate monitors system, and the system comprises long-range host computer and above-mentioned water level flow rates
Monitoring integration device, the long-range host computer is carried out wireless communication with flow rate calculation module to be connect.
Further, the long-range host computer is carried out wireless communication with integrated apparatus using data transmission unit connect,
There is communication antenna, the communication antenna is carried out wireless communication with long-range host computer and connect on the data transmission unit.
Further, the water level flow rate monitoring integration device be one or more, the water level flow rate
When monitoring integration device is one, it is fixedly mounted on upright bar stent；The water level flow rate monitoring integration device is
At more, composition array is fixedly mounted below bridge.
Further, the water level flow rate monitoring integration device can be removably fixed on the railing of bridge.
Third object of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
A kind of water level flow rate monitoring method, the method includes：
Obtain the waterlevel data of river/channel；
Obtain air speed data and wind direction；
The surface velocity data of river/channel are obtained, and according to wind speed and direction corrected flow rate, according to wind speed and direction, are asked
Velocity component of the wind speed in water (flow) direction is taken, if the component is identical with flowing to, the surface velocity data of river/channel are subtracted
This component, if the component is with flowing on the contrary, the surface velocity data of river/channel are added this component, to realize to flow velocity number
According to correction；
According to the flow speed data after the waterlevel data of acquisition and correction, with reference to the river pre-entered/controlling channel section
The control section uninterrupted at current time is calculated in relevant parameter, the hydrological model based on river/channel；Wherein, it is described
Control section relevant parameter includes elevation, roughness and gradient parameter；
The control section data on flows being calculated is sent to long-range host computer.
Further, the waterlevel data for obtaining river/channel, specially：By measuring radar emission plane to river
The distance between road/channel water surface, then the distance is subtracted to get to river/channel water level with the fixation elevation of Radar Plane
Elevation；
The radar emission plane is as follows to the distance between river/channel water surface measurement process：
The tranmitting frequency of radar wave is with linearly increasing or decreasing, when the radar wave of transmitting encounters river/channel water
Face back reflection, and received after elapsed time τ by radar, river/the distance between the channel water surface and radar emission plane R meets：
Wherein, c is the light velocity；
According to Similar Principle of Triangle, have：
Wherein, T is modulation period, and Δ F is modulation bandwidth, f0Difference on the frequency between transmitted wave and echo；
By formula (1) and formula (2), obtain：
Further, the surface velocity data of river/channel are obtained, and according to wind speed and direction corrected flow rate, according to wind speed
And wind direction, velocity component of the wind speed in water (flow) direction is asked for, if the component is identical with flowing to, the surface of river/channel is flowed
Fast data subtract this component, if the component is with flowing on the contrary, the surface velocity data of river/channel are added this component, with reality
Now to the correction of flow speed data, specially：
Based on Doppler frequency shift measuring principle, the tranmitting frequency of radar is fixed as f0, when radar transmitting wave gets to flowing
After the water surface, radar wave returns to radar receiving plane, and under Doppler effect, receiving the frequency of signal can change, transmitting
Difference on the frequency f between signal and reception signald, i.e. difference frequency signal meets following equation：
Wherein, c is the light velocity, angles of the α between water (flow) direction and target point-radar line, the adjustment of radar setting angle
After, α is remained unchanged, when obtaining fdWhen, acquiring target flow rate is：
The average surface flow velocity of current flow measurement is obtained, it is specific as follows：
If vsi=Kv·fi, whereinvsiFor each surface point flow velocity, fiFor corresponding beat frequency；
Surface mean flow rate such as following formula：
Wherein wiFor the corresponding weight of each beat frequency；
Consider the influence of wind speed, add in the later surface mean flow rate of wind speed correction and be shown below：
Wherein, vwFor wind speed size, kwFor wind speed coefficient, θwFor wind direction；Wind speed coefficient kwValue and wind direction θwIt is related, when
Wind direction and when flowing to identical, kwFor positive value；When wind direction is with flowing to opposite, kwFor negative value.
Further, the flow speed data according to after the waterlevel data of acquisition and correction, with reference to the river pre-entered/
Controlling channel section relevant parameter, the control section flow that current time is calculated in the hydrological model based on river/channel are big
It is small, specially：
Assuming that the altitude data of current control section by current level elevation Z it is known that subtract each control section elevational point
CSi, each depth displacement for representing point of control section, the i.e. depth of water are obtained, it is as follows：
Hi=Z-CSi (8)
If each depth of water represented a little of control section is Hi, the lateral distance between adjacent representations point is xi, then control is disconnected
The current water sectional area of crossing in face is：
The flow Q and the relationship of discharge area S of control section be：
Wherein,For mean velocity in section；
By mean velocity in sectionIt is converted into surface mean flow rateMean velocity in sectionWith surface mean flow rateIt
Between relationship meet：
Wherein, K is mean flow rate coefficient, and the value of K is related to section configuration CS, bed roughness n, gradient J, water level Z, i.e.,
K=f (CS, n, J, Z) (12)
According to mean velocity in section computation model, section flow Q, discharge area S and surface mean flow rate are obtainedBetween
Relationship be：
The present invention has following advantageous effect relative to the prior art：
1st, water level flow rate monitoring integration device of the invention using contactless indicator water measurement module and
Radar flow velocity measurement module measures the real time water level data of river/channel and real-time surface velocity data and using wind respectively
Fast measurement module measures real-time air speed data, and flow rate calculation module is corrected surface velocity data by air speed data, disappears
Except influence of the wind speed to surface velocity data, according to the flow speed data after waterlevel data and correction, with reference to river/channel of input
The related datas such as control section elevation, roughness, gradient calculate the uninterrupted of river/controlling channel section, cannot be only used for
Conventional river/canal capacity monitoring, can also carry out high mighty torrent amount and rob the emergence measurings such as survey.
2nd, indicator water measurement module of the invention uses the radar transceiver of K-band, and modulation system connects for linear frequency modulation
Continuous wave modulation system, frequency modulation frequency range can be 24.005GHz~24.245GHz, i.e. frequency modulation width is 240MHz, modulating wave three
Angle wave, 50Hz, can acquire accurate difference frequency signal using Fourier transformation and Chirp transforms, pass through identification modulation period
Go out water level value of the frequency of difference frequency signal so as to find out river/channel, measuring principle is simple, and measurement sensitivity is high, and measurement can
It is excellent by property, it is suitable for complicated measuring environment.
3rd, radar flow velocity measurement module of the invention uses the radar transceiver of K-band, and tranmitting frequency can be fixed as
24.160GHz, modulation system are continuous wave modulating mode, and the radar wave of transmitting encounters flow plane back reflection radar wave, and produce
Raw doppler shifted signal, by pick out the frequency of difference frequency signal so as to find out river/channel surface velocity value, measure
Time is short, high certainty of measurement.
4th, microcontroller may be used as master controller in flow rate calculation module of the invention, is based on river/channel hydrology
Model calculates the uninterrupted of river/controlling channel section, and Specialized Theory is strong, and flow rate calculation precision is high, strong applicability, moves
It is convenient to plant.
5th, water level flow rate monitoring integration device of the invention is convenient for disassembly and assembly, can both be fixedly mounted on upright bar stent
Long-term flow monitoring is carried out below upper or bridge, can also removably be temporarily fixed on the railing of bridge and carry out high mighty torrent
Amount robs the emergence measurings tasks such as survey.
6th, water level flow rate monitoring integration device of the invention can be carried out wireless communication with long-range host computer connect,
Water level flow rate monitoring system is formed, can be facilitated with telemetry function and realize remote flow monitoring, substantially increase flow measurement
Efficiency, contactless measurement method ensure that the safety of survey crew.
7th, water level flow rate monitoring integration device of the invention is carried out with long-range host computer using data transmission unit
Communication, data transmission unit are based on wireless transmission method, and efficiency of transmission is high, reliable communications, and effective anti-rain declines, transmission speed compared with
Soon, it is low in energy consumption, especially suitable for field remote measuring application scenario.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the water level flow rate monitoring integration device structure chart of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the water level flow rate monitoring integration device structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the measuring principle figure of the indicator water measurement module of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the measuring principle figure of the radar flow velocity measurement module of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 is to be obtained after the flow velocity signal that the radar flow velocity measurement module of the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains carries out Fourier analysis
The spectrogram taken.
Fig. 6 is the elevation curve figure of the control section of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 7 is that the water level flow rate monitoring integration device of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is mounted on the signal on upright bar stent
Figure.
Fig. 8 is that the water level flow rate monitoring integration device array of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is mounted on showing below bridge
It is intended to.
Fig. 9 is that the water level flow rate of the embodiment of the present invention 2 monitors system structure diagram.
Figure 10 is the water level flow rate monitoring method flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Wherein, 1- indicator waters measurement module, 2- radar flow velocity measurement modules, 3- measuring wind speed modules, 4- flow rate calculations
Module, the long-range host computers of 5-, 6- water level flow rate monitoring integration devices, 7- data transmission units, 8- radio antennas.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited
In this.
Embodiment 1：
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of water level flow rate monitoring integration device is present embodiments provided, the monitoring one
Body makeup is put including indicator water measurement module 1, radar flow velocity measurement module 2, measuring wind speed module 3 and flow rate calculation module 4,
The indicator water measurement module 1, radar flow velocity measurement module 2, measuring wind speed module 3 are connect respectively with flow rate calculation module 4,
Modules are described as follows：
The indicator water measurement module 1 by measuring radar emission plane the distance between to river/channel water surface, then
The distance is subtracted to get to the elevation of river/channel water level with the fixation elevation of Radar Plane, uses K-band (24GHz)
Radar transceiver, is non-contact measurement mode, and modulation system is linear frequency modulation continuous wave modulation system.
As shown in figure 3, the tranmitting frequency of radar wave (emits solid line in signal such as Fig. 3 with linearly increasing or decreasing
It is shown), when the radar wave of transmitting encounters target object (i.e. river/channel water surface) back reflection (dotted line institute in echo-signal such as Fig. 3
Show), and received after elapsed time τ by radar.Understand that the distance between target object and radar emission plane R meet：
Wherein, c is the light velocity.
The intermediate cam shape principle of similitude according to fig. 3, has：
Wherein, T is modulation period, and Δ F is modulation bandwidth, f0Difference on the frequency between transmitted wave and echo.
By formula (1) and formula (2), obtain：
By formula (3) it is found that c is constant, T, Δ F once it is determined that after also for constant, therefore distance R and difference frequency signal f0Cheng Zheng
Than.Therefore distance R is asked just to be converted into and seeks difference frequency signal f0。
The frequency modulation frequency range of indicator water measurement module 1 is 24.005GHz~24.245GHz, i.e., frequency modulation width is 240MHz,
Modulating wave is triangular wave, modulation period 50Hz, it is accurately poor to be acquired using Fourier (FFT) transformation and Chirp transforms
Frequency signal, by pick out the frequency of difference frequency signal so as to find out river/channel water level value, measuring principle is simple, measure spirit
Sensitivity is high, and Measurement reliability is excellent, is suitable for complicated measuring environment.It for details, reference can be made to that application No. is 201610984036.7, names
Referred to as《A kind of Modulation Continuous Wave Radar water level telemetering device and method》Application for a patent for invention content.
The radar flow velocity measurement module 2 uses the radar transceiver of K-band (24GHz), and tranmitting frequency is fixed as
24.160GHz, modulation system are continuous wave modulating mode (cw patterns), and the radar wave of transmitting encounters flow plane back reflection radar
Wave, and doppler shifted signal (difference frequency signal) is generated, by picking out the frequency of difference frequency signal so as to find out river/channel
Surface velocity value, time of measuring is short, high certainty of measurement.Specific measuring principle and method are as follows：
The measurement of flow velocity is based on Doppler frequency shift measuring principle, as shown in figure 4, the tranmitting frequency of radar is fixed as f0, when
After radar transmitting wave gets to flowing water face, radar wave returns to radar receiving plane, due to Doppler effect, receives signal
Frequency can change, and emit signal and receive the difference on the frequency f between signald(i.e. difference frequency signal) meets following equation：
Wherein, c is the light velocity, angles of the α between water (flow) direction and target point-radar line, the adjustment of radar setting angle
After, α is remained unchanged, when obtaining fdWhen, acquiring target flow rate is：
Above formula (5) shows that angle is one of physical quantity for participating in calculating, when water (flow) direction and radar emission plane are hung down completely
When straight (α=90 °), cos α are 0, will not have Doppler frequency shift at this time.Therefore speed measuring function is realized, Radar Plane must be with level
Face is kept at an angle (general 30 °~60 ° desirable).
Since the electromagnetic wave of radar emission is a face, the flow velocity measured is the flow velocity of one piece of water surface, is not stream
Speed is being measured in water-surface areas, and flow velocity size is possibly different from, and direction is also not quite identical.Therefore, the present embodiment measures
Water surface flow velocity is the concept of a surface mean flow rate.
Since measured zone may also mean that there is a variety of difference frequency signal f there are many velocity componentd, it is how sharp
Surface mean flow rate is obtained with these difference frequency signals, is a big difficulty of the present embodiment, this gives a possibility
The signal obtained in flow velocity measurement, the signal contain a variety of beat frequencies, and Fourier is carried out for typical flow velocity signal
Analysis, as shown in figure 5, in Fig. 5, abscissa is frequency for the frequency spectrum of acquisition, and ordinate is the amplitude of the frequency, fLIt is corresponding flow velocity
The beat frequency of measurement lower limit, fHIt is the beat frequency that corresponding flow velocity measures the upper limit, fmIt is the frequency that amplitude maximum is corresponded in the frequency range
Rate component, with fmCentered on, spectrum distribution approximation meets Gaussian Profile.
The corresponding amplitude size of each beat frequency during flow velocity measures is different, and wherein the frequency of amplitude maximum is divided
Measure fmThe main component of corresponding flow velocity.With fmCentered on, weight w is assigned to each frequency, spectral magnitude is bigger, and weight is bigger,
Middle fmCorresponding weight wmAfter determining weights, processing is weighted to each beat frequency component for maximum, and the survey of this flow velocity is obtained
The average beat frequency value of amount, so as to find out surface mean flow rate.It is specific as follows：
If vsi=Kv·fi, whereinvsiFor each surface point flow velocity, fiFor corresponding beat frequency.
Surface mean flow rate such as following formula：
Wherein wiFor the corresponding weight of each beat frequency.
The measuring wind speed module 3 uses wind speed and direction measuring instrument, can obtain wind speed, the wind direction at current time, and convert
It is exported for 485 signals.
The flow rate calculation module 4 is using microcontroller (MCU) as master controller, embedded software algorithm and river/channel
Hydrological model, can influence of the wind speed to surface velocity be eliminated according to wind direction.According to wind speed and direction, wind speed is asked in flow
The surface velocity data of river/channel if the component is identical with flowing to, are subtracted this component, if phase by the velocity component on direction
Instead, by the surface velocity data of river/channel plus this component, to realize the correction to flow speed data, according to the water level of acquisition
Flow speed value after value and correction, with reference to the related datas such as the river pre-entered/controlling channel measuring height of section, roughness, gradient, base
The uninterrupted of current time river/controlling channel section is calculated in the hydrological model of river/channel.
Consider the influence of wind speed, add in the later surface mean flow rate of wind speed correction and be shown below：
Wherein, vwFor wind speed size, kwFor wind speed coefficient, θwFor wind direction；Wind speed coefficient kwValue and wind direction θwIt is related, when
Wind direction and when flowing to identical, kwFor positive value；When wind direction is with flowing to opposite, kwFor negative value.
Flow rate calculation function prototype is as follows：
floatFlowCal(*float CtrlSection,float WaterLevel,float Velocity,float
roughness,float slope)
In above-mentioned function prototype, CtrlSection is measuring height of section array name, stores one group of measuring height of section data, instead
Section configuration has been reflected, has been denoted as CS below；WaterLevel is the water level elevation value of section, is denoted as Z below；Velocity is water meter
Face mean flow rate, i.e.,Roughness is bed roughness, is denoted as n below；Slope is gradient, is denoted as J below.
Idiographic flow computational methods are as follows：
Before flow is calculated, should the measurement of higher degree first be carried out to river/controlling channel section.If the elevation curve of control section
To be illustrated in fig. 6 shown below.
Assuming that known to the altitude data of current control section, (measuring height of section data should meet GB50179-2015《River stream
Specification is tested in measurement》The requirement of middle section survey), current level elevation Z is subtracted into each control section elevational point CSi, can must control
The each depth displacement (i.e. the depth of water) for representing point of section processed, it is as follows：
Hi=Z-CSi (8)
If each depth of water represented a little of control section is Hi, the lateral distance between adjacent representations point is xi, then control is disconnected
The current water sectional area of crossing in face is：
The flow Q and the relationship of discharge area S of control section be：
Wherein,For mean velocity in section.Since the flow velocity of radar surveying is surface velocity, need mean velocity in sectionIt is converted into surface mean flow rate
Mean velocity in sectionWith surface mean flow rateBetween relationship meet：
Wherein, K is mean flow rate coefficient, and the value of K is related to section configuration CS, bed roughness n, gradient J, water level Z, i.e.,
K=f (CS, n, J, Z) (12)
Usual 0.6<K<1.
According to mean velocity in section computation model, section flow Q, discharge area S and surface mean flow rate can be obtainedBetween
Relationship be：
The water level flow rate monitoring integration device of the present embodiment can be fixedly mounted on upright bar stent or bridge lower section
Long-term flow monitoring is carried out, can also removably be temporarily fixed on the railing of bridge and carry out regular flow test and Gao Hong
Flow rob survey (refer to flood fluctuation drastically, flow velocity is big, floating material is more, flow of the section Scour and Accretion significantly etc. under hard situations is robbed
First measure), it treats that test finishes i.e. detachable apparatus, is very suitable for provisional flow measurement.
It is less than 10 meters of section generally, for fluid stable, river surface width, it is only necessary to which a water level flow velocity stream is installed
Measure monitoring integration device, when installation generally requires equipment against river Zhong Hong positions or mainstream component, as shown in Figure 7.For
Width is more than 10 meters of river cross-section, more water level flow rate monitoring integration device composition array installations can be used, to carry
High measurement accuracy, as shown in Figure 8.
Embodiment 2：
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 with shown in Fig. 9, present embodiments provide a kind of water level flow rate monitoring system, which includes
The water level flow rate monitoring integration device 6 of long-range host computer 5 and above-described embodiment 1, the long-range host computer 5 and flowmeter
Calculate the progress nothing of data transmission unit (Data Transfer unit, DTU) 7 that module 4 turns IP data modes using serial data
Line communicates to connect, and has radio antenna 8, the radio antenna 8 and long-range host computer on the data transmission unit 7
5 carry out wireless communication connection.
In the present embodiment, the serial data of flow rate calculation module 4 is converted to IP data by data transmission unit 7, is used
IP data are sent in the database to long-range host computer 5 by wireless transmission method, while long-range host computer 5 can check water
Position, flow velocity, flow these monitoring data realize the function of field remote measuring, and can be remotely to water by data transmission unit 7
The software of the flow rate calculation module 4 of bit stream speed flow monitoring integrated apparatus 6 is upgraded.
Embodiment 3：
As shown in Figure 10, a kind of water level flow rate monitoring method is present embodiments provided, this method is based on above-mentioned implementation
The system of example 2 is realized, is included the following steps：
S1, the waterlevel data that river/channel is obtained by indicator water measurement module；
S2, air speed data and wind direction are obtained by measuring wind speed module；
S3, the surface velocity data that river/channel is obtained by radar flow velocity measurement module；
S4, influence of the wind speed to surface velocity is considered, adds wind speed correction, flow rate calculation module is called, according to wind
Speed and wind direction, ask for velocity component of the wind speed in water (flow) direction, if the component is identical with flowing to, by the surface of river/channel
Flow speed data subtracts this component, if on the contrary, by the surface velocity data of river/channel plus this component, to realize to flow velocity number
According to correction；
S5, flow rate calculation module are according to the flow speed data after the waterlevel data of acquisition and correction, with reference to the river pre-entered
The relevant parameters such as road/controlling channel measuring height of section, roughness, gradient, when the hydrological model based on river/channel is calculated current
The control section uninterrupted at quarter；In addition, the control section uninterrupted by calculating each moment, can be calculated control
Section is averaged uninterrupted；
S6, the control section data on flows being calculated is sent to by wireless transmission method using data transmission unit
Long-range host computer, and be saved in database.
The concrete principle of the indicator water measurement module of the present embodiment, radar flow velocity measurement module and flow rate calculation module is same
Above-described embodiment 1.
In conclusion the water level flow rate monitoring integration device of the present invention is measured using contactless indicator water
Module and radar flow velocity measurement module measure respectively river/channel real time water level data and real-time surface velocity data and
Real-time air speed data is measured using measuring wind speed module, flow rate calculation module carries out school by air speed data to surface velocity data
Just, influence of the wind speed to surface velocity data is eliminated, according to the flow speed data after waterlevel data and correction, with reference to the river of input
The relevant parameters such as road/controlling channel measuring height of section, roughness, gradient calculate the uninterrupted of river/controlling channel section, no
Conventional river/canal capacity monitoring is can only be used to, high mighty torrent amount can also be carried out and rob the emergence measurings such as survey.
The above, patent preferred embodiment only of the present invention, but the protection domain of patent of the present invention is not limited to
This, any one skilled in the art is in the range disclosed in patent of the present invention, according to the skill of patent of the present invention
Art scheme and its patent of invention design are subject to equivalent substitution or change, belong to the protection domain of patent of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of water level flow rate monitoring integration device, it is characterised in that：The monitoring integration device includes radar water
Position measurement module, radar flow velocity measurement module, measuring wind speed module and flow rate calculation module, the indicator water measurement module,
Radar flow velocity measurement module and measuring wind speed module are connect respectively with flow rate calculation module；
The indicator water measurement module, for the real time water level data of non-contact measurement river/channel；
The radar flow velocity measurement module, for the real-time surface velocity data of non-contact measurement river/channel；
The measuring wind speed module, for measuring real-time air speed data with correction surface flow velocity；
The flow rate calculation module, for according to waterlevel data, flow speed data and air speed data, with reference to river/channel of input
The uninterrupted of current time river/controlling channel section is calculated in control section relevant parameter；Wherein, the control is disconnected
Face relevant parameter includes elevation, roughness and gradient parameter；
According to waterlevel data, flow speed data and air speed data, with reference to river/controlling channel section relevant parameter of input, calculate
The uninterrupted of current time river/controlling channel section is obtained, is specifically included：
According to wind speed and direction, ask for velocity component of the wind speed in water (flow) direction, if the component is identical with flowing to, by river/
The surface velocity data of channel subtract this component, if the component is with flowing on the contrary, the surface velocity data of river/channel are added
This component, to realize the correction to flow speed data, specially：
Based on Doppler frequency shift measuring principle, the tranmitting frequency of radar is fixed as f0, when radar transmitting wave gets to flowing water face
Afterwards, radar wave returns to radar receiving plane, and under Doppler effect, receiving the frequency of signal can change, and emits signal
With receiving the difference on the frequency f between signald, i.e. difference frequency signal meets following equation：
Wherein, c is the light velocity, angles of the α between water (flow) direction and target point-radar line, and the adjustment of radar setting angle finishes
Afterwards, α is remained unchanged, when obtaining fdWhen, acquiring target flow rate is：
The average surface flow velocity of current flow measurement is obtained, it is specific as follows：
If vsi=Kv·fi, whereinvsiFor each surface point flow velocity, fiFor corresponding beat frequency；
Surface mean flow rate such as following formula：
Wherein wiFor the corresponding weight of each beat frequency；
Consider the influence of wind speed, add in the later surface mean flow rate of wind speed correction and be shown below：
Wherein, vwFor wind speed size, kwFor wind speed coefficient, θwFor wind direction；Wind speed coefficient kwValue and wind direction θwIt is related, work as wind direction
During with flowing to identical, kwFor positive value；When wind direction is with flowing to opposite, kwFor negative value；
It is related with reference to the river pre-entered/controlling channel section according to the flow speed data after the waterlevel data of acquisition and correction
The control section uninterrupted at current time is calculated in parameter, the hydrological model based on river/channel, specially：
Assuming that the altitude data of current control section by current level elevation Z it is known that subtract each control section elevational point CSi, obtain
It is as follows to each depth displacement for representing point of control section, the i.e. depth of water：
Hi=Z-CSi (8)
If each depth of water represented a little of control section is Hi, the lateral distance between adjacent representations point is xi, then control section is worked as
Preceding water sectional area of crossing is：
The flow Q and the relationship of discharge area S of control section be：
Wherein,For mean velocity in section；
By mean velocity in sectionIt is converted into surface mean flow rateMean velocity in sectionWith surface mean flow rateBetween
Relationship meets：
Wherein, K is mean flow rate coefficient, and the value of K is related to section configuration CS, bed roughness n, gradient J, water level Z, i.e.,
K=f (CS, n, J, Z) (12)
According to mean velocity in section computation model, section flow Q, discharge area S and surface mean flow rate are obtainedBetween pass
It is to be：
2. water level flow rate monitoring integration device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The indicator water measurement module uses the radar transceiver of K-band, and modulation system is linear frequency modulation continuous wave modulation methods
Formula；
The radar flow velocity measurement module uses the radar transceiver of K-band, and modulation system is continuous wave modulating mode；
The measuring wind speed module uses wind speed and direction measuring instrument；
The flow rate calculation module uses microcontroller.
3. a kind of water level flow rate monitors system, it is characterised in that：The system comprises long-range host computer and claims 1
Or the water level flow rate monitoring integration device described in 2, the long-range host computer are carried out wireless communication with flow rate calculation module
Connection.
4. a kind of water level flow rate monitoring system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The long-range host computer with
Integrated apparatus carries out wireless communication connection using data transmission unit, has communication antenna, institute on the data transmission unit
It states communication antenna and is carried out wireless communication with long-range host computer and is connect.
5. a kind of water level flow rate monitoring system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The water level flow rate
Monitoring integration device is one or more, when the water level flow rate monitoring integration device is one, is fixedly mounted on
On upright bar stent；When the water level flow rate monitoring integration device is more, composition array is fixedly mounted below bridge.
6. a kind of water level flow rate monitoring system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The water level flow rate
Monitoring integration device can be removably fixed on the railing of bridge.
7. a kind of water level flow rate monitoring method, it is characterised in that：The method includes：
Obtain the waterlevel data of river/channel；
Obtain air speed data and wind direction；
The surface velocity data of river/channel are obtained, and according to wind speed and direction corrected flow rate, according to wind speed and direction, ask for wind
The surface velocity data of river/channel if the component is identical with flowing to, are subtracted this point by velocity component of the speed in water (flow) direction
Amount, if the component is with flowing on the contrary, the surface velocity data of river/channel are added this component, to realize to flow speed data
Correction, specially：
Based on Doppler frequency shift measuring principle, the tranmitting frequency of radar is fixed as f0, when radar transmitting wave gets to flowing water face
Afterwards, radar wave returns to radar receiving plane, and under Doppler effect, receiving the frequency of signal can change, and emits signal
With receiving the difference on the frequency f between signald, i.e. difference frequency signal meets following equation：
Wherein, c is the light velocity, angles of the α between water (flow) direction and target point-radar line, and the adjustment of radar setting angle finishes
Afterwards, α is remained unchanged, when obtaining fdWhen, acquiring target flow rate is：
The average surface flow velocity of current flow measurement is obtained, it is specific as follows：
If vsi=Kv·fi, whereinvsiFor each surface point flow velocity, fiFor corresponding beat frequency；
Surface mean flow rate such as following formula：
Wherein wiFor the corresponding weight of each beat frequency；
Consider the influence of wind speed, add in the later surface mean flow rate of wind speed correction and be shown below：
Wherein, vwFor wind speed size, kwFor wind speed coefficient, θwFor wind direction；Wind speed coefficient kwValue and wind direction θwIt is related, work as wind direction
During with flowing to identical, kwFor positive value；When wind direction is with flowing to opposite, kwFor negative value；
It is related with reference to the river pre-entered/controlling channel section according to the flow speed data after the waterlevel data of acquisition and correction
The control section uninterrupted at current time is calculated in parameter, the hydrological model based on river/channel；Wherein, the control
Section relevant parameter includes elevation, roughness and gradient parameter, specially：
Assuming that the altitude data of current control section by current level elevation Z it is known that subtract each control section elevational point CSi, obtain
It is as follows to each depth displacement for representing point of control section, the i.e. depth of water：
Hi=Z-CSi (8)
If each depth of water represented a little of control section is Hi, the lateral distance between adjacent representations point is xi, then control section is worked as
Preceding water sectional area of crossing is：
The flow Q and the relationship of discharge area S of control section be：
Wherein,For mean velocity in section；
By mean velocity in sectionIt is converted into surface mean flow rateMean velocity in sectionWith surface mean flow rateBetween
Relationship meets：
Wherein, K is mean flow rate coefficient, and the value of K is related to section configuration CS, bed roughness n, gradient J, water level Z, i.e.,
K=f (CS, n, J, Z) (12)
According to mean velocity in section computation model, section flow Q, discharge area S and surface mean flow rate are obtainedBetween pass
It is to be：
The control section data on flows being calculated is sent to long-range host computer.
8. a kind of water level flow rate monitoring method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Acquisition river/the canal
The waterlevel data in road, specially：It is put down by measuring radar emission plane the distance between to river/channel water surface, then with radar
The fixation elevation in face subtracts the distance to get to the elevation of river/channel water level；
The radar emission plane is as follows to the distance between river/channel water surface measurement process：
The tranmitting frequency of radar wave is with linearly increasing or decreasing, after the radar wave of transmitting encounters river/channel water surface
Reflection, and received after elapsed time τ by radar, river/the distance between the channel water surface and radar emission plane R meets：
Wherein, c is the light velocity；
According to Similar Principle of Triangle, have：
Wherein, T is modulation period, and Δ F is modulation bandwidth, f0Difference on the frequency between transmitted wave and echo；
By formula (1) and formula (2), obtain：
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