CN107199901B - 一种法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置 - Google Patents

一种法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置 Download PDF

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CN107199901B
CN107199901B CN201710376882.5A CN201710376882A CN107199901B CN 107199901 B CN107199901 B CN 107199901B CN 201710376882 A CN201710376882 A CN 201710376882A CN 107199901 B CN107199901 B CN 107199901B
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徐进
俞普德
卢胜利
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置，包括逆变器、地面系统感应线圈、汽车底盘副边线圈，车载电池设备、磁力检测传感器，泊车目标追踪装置。其特征在于地面系统感应线圈根据磁力检测传感器控制泊车目标追踪装置，调整汽车泊车位置，使小线圈与位于汽车底盘的副边线圈的连线与其法线重合，在靠近原边绕组空间通过感应耦合高频交变磁通获取感应电动势，减少漏磁，增大无线传输效率，为车载电池提供电能。

Description

一种法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置
技术领域
本发明涉及无线电能传输技术领域，尤其涉及法线式多线圈聚磁随动的电动汽车无线充电装置。
背景技术
电动车无线电能传输装置其功能是通过埋设于地表的线圈与固定于车辆底盘的副边线圈的电磁耦合来传输电能，对动力电池进行充电，具有安全环保、全自动、免维护等一系列优点。充电装置的输入端与交流电网220V连接，输出端接入汽车底盘的副边线圈用于为负载电池充电。
无线充电技术虽然具有灵活方便的使用特点，但从电能转换效率相对较低及能源损耗较大的角度看，还需要对装置的具体实施进行进一步研究，为提高能量传输效率，使耦合装置原副边相对位置达到最佳状态，我们设计出一种法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在地面系统感应线圈漏磁的问题，而提出的一种法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置及方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：一种法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置，包括逆变器1、地面系统感应线圈2、汽车底盘副边线圈3，车载电池设备4、磁力检测传感器5，泊车目标追踪装置6。
装置主体的一侧通过电源侧发射端电源从电网获取电能后经过整流滤波获得直流电，进入逆变器中进行高频逆变，产生的高频交变电流注入地面系统感应线圈。地面系统感应线圈根据磁力检测传感器控制泊车目标追踪装置使地面系统感应小线圈对准，小线圈与位于汽车底盘的副边线圈的连线与其法线重合，在靠近原边绕组空间通过感应耦合高频交变磁通获取感应电动势，减少漏磁，为车载电池提供电能。
装置主体的内部设置有地面系统感应线圈，由多个完全相同的小线圈组成，按照一定方式均匀分布在地面装置上，在给定输入电压条件下实现系统额定功率输出,满足逆变器工作条件。参数设计综合系统输入电压、输出功率和逆变器负载要求等指标；采用相移控制方法时,线圈匝数可根据逆变器续流要求进行经验取值，当采用频率控制时,可根据频率调节范围,进行取值，在线圈中心的下部安装有磁力检测传感器，地面系统感应线圈采用市电220V交流为供电电源，整流逆变，送入能量。
装置主体的内部设置有磁力检测传感器，主要起到判断地面系统感应线圈的法线是否正对汽车底盘副边线圈中心的作用，当两者连线与法线重合时，地面系统感应线圈各部分磁通量相等，此时它们方位正对副边线圈，汽车已经停到准确位置；若法线与二者连线不重合，地面系统感应线圈各部分磁通量不等产生强度差，利用这一信号驱动传感器和自动控制器，启动汽车行驶，直到各部分磁通量差值最小时，这时二者连线与法线重合。
装置主体的内部设置有泊车目标追踪装置，利用传感器技术、计算机技术和自动控制技术准确地感知泊车环境，该装置检测传感器模块信号，判断小线圈的位置和工作情况，处理环境感知信息，计算车辆相对位置使汽车停到到最佳位置。
装置主体的内部设置有汽车底盘副边线圈和车载电池设备，副边线圈的固有频率和收到的电磁波频率相同时，接收电路产生的振荡频率最强，经过整流滤波接入车载电池设备，为其提供电能。由于整流桥导通角和导通时刻不仅仅受整流滤波电容、负载、频率等参数影响, 还受到前级电路中 L和 C等参数的影响，根据电路理论 C 的最佳值,进而求得Cs 的值,从而满足副边线圈回路满足系统最大效率工作条件。
附图说明
图1为具体实施例中法线式多线圈聚磁电动汽车无线充电装置的内部拓扑示意图。
图1中：1逆变器、2地面系统感应线圈、3汽车底盘副边线圈、4车载电池设备、5磁力检测传感器、6泊车目标追踪装置。
图2为具体实施例中法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置的线圈构造图。
图2中：7汽车底盘副边线圈，8地面系统感应线圈。
图3为具体实施例中法线式多线圈聚磁装置的电动汽车无线充电装置的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
参照图1，一种法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置，包括逆变器1、地面系统感应线圈2、汽车底盘副边线圈3，车载电池设备4、磁力检测传感器5，泊车目标追踪装置6。输入为工频220V交流电源，负载为电动汽车电池。采用全桥不控整流滤波电路,逆变器1，地面系统感应线圈2，副边侧同样采用全桥整流滤波电路，并经过二极管，滤波电感为电池充电。原边侧构成原边线圈回路 LCCL 阻抗匹配电路，对逆变器出输出功率进行调节。磁力检测传感器通过穿过小线圈的磁感线数量和各个位置的磁感应强度计算出小线圈最佳倾角，精确定位汽车副边感应线圈的具体位置，经过泊车目标追踪装置的调节，使地面系统感应线圈中心与汽车底盘副边线圈中心二者连线与法线重合，达到正对状态，耦合系数达到最高使无线充电发射端和接收端达到共振频率，提高系统的传输效率。
参照图3，一种法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置的使用方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、当系统启动时，主控程序根据系统配置程序完成各通信模块的加载，完成用户信息的采集，汽车泊车位置的确定，充电流程控制，计量计费功能；
S2、启动磁力检测传感器，具备通信功能，能够把小线圈位置，移动过程的实时数据，充电状态等信息送到远方后台；
S3、人机交互模块主要可有：欢迎界面，连接确认界面，充电界面，结账界面，将用户信息和实时数据进行展示；
S4、泊车目标追踪策略，由控制算法、参数估计算法和坐标补偿算法构成，利用自动泊车系统的 I/O 数据，实现自适应控制，基于坐标补偿的无模型自适应控制方案通过引入坐标补偿算法得到更好的控制效果，使得车身角、x 轴方向和 y 轴方向上的跟踪误差均较小，具有明显的优越性。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明将解决现有技术中存在的泊车过程中无法对准充电装置以及漏磁问题，而提出的一种法线式多线圈聚磁电动汽车无线充电装置及方法，即根据汽车停车位置使地面系统感应线圈的方向对准汽车底盘副边线圈，使充电效率达到最大化。

Claims (2)

1.一种法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置，包括逆变器、地面系统感应线圈、汽车底盘副边线圈，车载电池设备、磁力检测传感器，泊车目标追踪装置；
法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置的内部设置有地面系统感应线圈，由多个完全相同的小线圈组成，按照一定方式均匀分配在地面上，在地面系统感应线圈的中心的下部安装有磁力检测传感器，地面系统感应线圈采用市电220V交流为供电电源，整流逆变，送入能量；
法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置的内部设置有磁力检测传感器，主要起到判断地面系统感应线圈的法线是否正对汽车底盘副边线圈中心的作用，当两者连线与法线重合时，地面系统感应线圈各部分磁通量相等，此时泊车传感器不发射信号；若法线与二者连线不重合，地面系统感应线圈各部分磁通量不等产生强度差，利用这一信号泊车目标追踪装置启动，直到各部分磁通量差值最小时，这时二者连线与法线重合；
法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置的内部设置有泊车目标追踪装置，其控制机构对于方位角进行调整，泊车目标追踪装置检测传感器模块信号，判断小线圈的位置和工作情况，进而驱动汽车行驶到最佳位置；
磁力检测传感器通过穿过小线圈的磁感线数量和各个位置的磁感应强度计算出小线圈最佳倾角，精确定位汽车副边感应线圈的具体位置，经过泊车目标追踪装置的调节，使地面系统感应线圈中心与汽车底盘副边线圈中心二者连线与法线重合，达到正对状态，耦合系数达到最高使无线充电发射端和接收端达到共振频率，提高系统的传输效率；
法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置主体一侧通过电源侧发射端电源从电网获取电能后经过整流滤波获得直流电，进入逆变器中进行高频逆变，产生的高频交变电流注入地面系统感应线圈；地面系统感应线圈根据磁力检测传感器控制磁力追踪装置启动电机拖动小线圈与位于汽车底盘的副边线圈的连线与其法线重合，在靠近原边绕组空间通过感应耦合高频交变磁通获取感应电动势，减少漏磁，为车载电池提供电能。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种法线式多线圈聚磁电动汽车无线充电装置，法线式多线圈聚磁的电动汽车无线充电装置的内部设置有汽车底盘副边线圈和车载电池设备，副边线圈的固有频率和收到的电磁波频率相同时，接收电路产生的振荡频率最强，经过整流滤波接入车载电池设备提供电能。
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