CN107198519A - 一种新型吸汗织物电极 - Google Patents

一种新型吸汗织物电极 Download PDF

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CN107198519A
CN107198519A CN201710527136.1A CN201710527136A CN107198519A CN 107198519 A CN107198519 A CN 107198519A CN 201710527136 A CN201710527136 A CN 201710527136A CN 107198519 A CN107198519 A CN 107198519A
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textile electrode
sweat
conductive fabric
absorbing
conducting foam
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CN107198519B (zh
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舒琳
徐向民
陈灿
徐天源
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Priority to CN201710527136.1A priority Critical patent/CN107198519B/zh
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/111894 priority patent/WO2019000808A1/zh
Priority to US16/490,505 priority patent/US11191472B2/en
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型吸汗织物电极，该电极包括织物电极本体以及电联接件，织物电极本体包括导电泡棉和包在导电泡棉外的导电布，电联接件固定在导电布上；在与人体皮肤接触的导电布上设有通孔。该织物电极质量轻、体积小，质地柔软、与皮肤贴合，透气性良好，且具有吸汗能力，可以防止人体出汗时因汗液引起的电极间短路现象，适用于人体出汗情况下的生物电信号采集，可以应用在高温、高湿环境、及日常运动场合中的生物电信号监测。

Description

一种新型吸汗织物电极
技术领域
本发明涉及穿戴式电子和传感器技术，具体涉及一种用于采集生物电信号的织物电极。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，人们对身体、心理健康状况的关注日渐上升。人体的各种生物电信号，比如脑电、心电、肌电等，能够反应人体的生理或心理特征。通过一些信号采集手段，将人体的这些信号采集出来加以分析和处理，能够得到有效的人体数据信息，进而分析人体的健康程度或情绪状态。
电极是信号采集设备与人体皮肤直接相连的介质，它与人体皮肤接触的好坏、接触阻抗的大小很大程度地影响了信号采集的质量。当在人体运动、天气较炎热、高温高湿等环境下进行多点生物电信号监测时，前额、手臂等区域因汗液多而容易导致电极间短路，这是因为汗液中的水分和NaCl电解质的导电性。在这种情况下，传统的湿电极或一些导电硅胶干电极的效果将受到影响。因此，要实现人体在运动时或太阳曝晒下的生物电信号动态监测，需要设计出能有效吸汗的电极。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的技术问题，本发明提供一种吸汗织物电极，能快速有效地吸收人体排出的汗液，避免汗液区域出现电极间短路现象的发生，用于人体出汗较多时在无发或少发区域监测生物电信号。
本发明解决上述问题的技术方案如下：本新型吸汗织物电极，包括织物电极本体以及电联接件，织物电极本体包括导电泡棉和包在导电泡棉外的导电布，电联接件固定在导电布上；在与人体皮肤接触的导电布上设有通孔。
优选地，所述织物电极本体还包括位于导电泡棉与导电布之间的吸汗层。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1、本发明的织物电极采用导电布包裹导电海绵，质地柔软、轻便舒适，富有弹性，可以承受一定的压力，具有良好的导电性和较低的接触阻抗，与皮肤贴合紧密。
2、由于海绵具有良好的吸水性能，本发明将导电海绵应用在人体汗液较多区域的生物电信号的采集，汗液中含有一定比例的NaCl(300mg/100ml)，其为一种强电解质，使得汗液具有较强的导电性。当汗液浸入导电泡棉时，使导电泡棉中充满了NaCl溶液，电极的导电性将显著增强，皮肤‐电极接触阻抗降低，达到更好的信号采集效果，并且避免因汗液造成的电极间短路或串扰。
3、本发明电极的结构简单，成本低，适于前额、手臂等多区域的生物电信号监测。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种实施方式的结构示意图，其中(a)为电极的主视图，(b)为电极的侧视图，(c)为电极的后视图；
图2为本发明另一实施方式的电极结构示意图；
图3为本发明电极的等效电路图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细说明，但本发明的实施方式并不限于此。
实施例
如图1的(a)、(b)及(c)所示，本发明吸汗织物电极，包括织物电极本体和电联接件4，其中织物电极本体包括导电布1、导电泡棉2和吸汗层3，导电布1包在导电泡棉2及吸汗层3的外层，吸汗层位于导电泡棉与导电布之间，组成织物电极本体。电联接件为金属导电按扣4，固定在导电布1上，用于与信号采集装置连接。
导电布在布料上电镀金属系材料或涂覆导电材料层制成，金属系材料可选用金、银、镍或者铜等，导电材料可选用石墨烯或者PEDOT等。而导电泡棉利用高分子复合材料经过发泡技术制成，经过PVD导电化处理，具有全方位导电性。导电泡棉为长方体或其他形状，其厚度为3mm‐8mm,长乘以宽的面积可调。吸汗层为吸汗能力强的布料，可为导电布料也可为绝缘布料。由于导电泡棉本身具备吸汗性能，故吸汗层在本发明的技术方案中并不是必要的，而是优选的；如果没有吸汗层，则电极本体仅包含导电布和导电泡棉。
导电布内表面有一层胶层用于粘接导电布、导电泡棉及吸汗层，该胶层可以是导电胶或其他类型粘接胶层。导电布与导电泡棉及吸汗层的固定连接亦可采用导电线缝合固定的方式。
为了使织物电极取得更好的透气、吸汗效果，本发明在与人体皮肤接触的导电布上设置了若干个通孔，使皮肤能直接与吸汗层或导电泡棉接触；通孔的形状可以为圆形，也可以选择其他形状。本发明也可以直接在导电布上设置一个较大的棱形通孔，如图2所示，使吸汗层通过该棱形孔区域更充分地与皮肤直接接触。图2所示结构的织物电极吸汗区域较为集中，吸汗性能良好。本发明在图1或图2的通孔处，还可以加设一层编织密度小于导电布编织密度的导电布料，由于编织密度较小，加快了导电泡棉吸收汗液的速度，起到了与通孔相类似的作用。
所述电联接件为金属导电按扣，其金属材料为金、银、铜或铂等。电联接件可通过按扣铆接的方式与织物电极本体连接固定在一起。
材料的电阻可以通过电阻公式R＝ρL/S来计算，其中ρ为材料的电阻率，L为材料的长度，S为材料横截面积。本发明中所设计的织物电极本体的横截面积S应为与皮肤接触的表面平行的面的面积，长度L为织物电极本体的厚度。因此，从电极自身阻抗的大小考虑，该织物电极本体的导电泡棉厚度不宜过厚，而与皮肤接触的表面面积应尽量大。同时，从穿戴舒适性和小型化穿戴式电子技术的方面考虑，特别是在脑电信号32导联或64导联的信号采集时，电极不宜过大。本发明在实施过程中对电极的尺寸进行了多种设计和实验，为保证该织物电极的阻抗在10Hz时小于10KΩ(在这个电阻值时电极采集生物电信号的效果与传统湿电极几乎没有差异)，得出导电泡棉厚度应保持在3mm-8mm之间为宜，而织物电极本体的横截面积应在100mm2-1600mm2之间，例如选择长、宽尺寸为10mm×10mm-40mm×40mm的导电泡棉来制作。在进行电极设计时，可以根据测量后的阻抗值自行确定电极横截面积的设置。
如图3，为本发明电极的等效电路图，导电泡棉的电阻率在105Ω·m左右不等，吸汗层布料可为绝缘材料，导电布上的金属镀层或导电材料层的电阻率在10-6-10-8Ω·m，导电布的电阻率显著低于导电泡棉和吸汗层布料。本发明的结构中，导电布可以视为一个阻值为R1的电阻，导电泡棉和吸汗层布料可以视为两个电阻串联，即R2与R3，而导电布和导电泡棉可以看成两个并联的电阻，如图3。在导电布的表面积较大时，织物电极的电阻主要取决于导电布的电阻。
在与皮肤接触一侧的导电布上设置通孔，会减少该侧导电布的表面积，增大整个导电布的阻抗，从而增大织物电极的阻抗，降低电极导电性。当阻抗过大时，会严重影响生物电信号的采集效果。因此通孔的数量和尺寸需要进行一定的限制，根据电极表面面积的不同，可以设置不同大小和数量的通孔。在电极厚度一定时，若给定电极在10Hz时的皮肤-电极接触阻抗小于10KΩ，通孔的总面积(例如若干个小通孔的面积之和，或者单个大通孔的面积)在该侧导电布的表面积中占比应在30％-70％之间，即通孔的总面积在织物电极本体的横截面积中占比在30％-70％之间。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以想到各种变形或修改，但在不脱离本公开精神的前提下，做出的所有修改和替换都将落入所附权利要求定义的本公开保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种新型吸汗织物电极，其特征在于，包括织物电极本体以及电联接件，织物电极本体包括导电泡棉和包在导电泡棉外的导电布，电联接件固定在导电布上；在与人体皮肤接触一侧的导电布上设有通孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型吸汗织物电极，其特征在于，所述织物电极本体还包括位于导电泡棉与导电布之间的吸汗层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新型吸汗织物电极，其特征在于，所述导电泡棉厚度在3mm-8mm之间，所述织物电极本体的横截面积在100mm2-1600mm2之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的新型吸汗织物电极，其特征在于，所述导电泡棉的长、宽尺寸为10mm×10mm-40mm×40mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的新型吸汗织物电极，其特征在于，所述通孔上加设一层编织密度小于导电布编织密度的导电布料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的新型吸汗织物电极，其特征在于，所述导电布的内表面有一层用于粘结的胶层；所述电联接件为金属导电按扣。
7.根据权利要求1所述的新型吸汗织物电极，其特征在于，所述导电布在布料上电镀金属系材料或涂覆导电材料层制成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的新型吸汗织物电极，其特征在于，所述金属系材料为金、银、镍或者铜；所述导电材料为石墨烯或者PEDOT。
9.根据权利要求7所述的新型吸汗织物电极，其特征在于，所述导电泡棉的电阻率为105Ω·m，导电布上的金属镀层或导电材料层的电阻率为10-6-10-8Ω·m。
10.根据权利要求1所述的新型吸汗织物电极，其特征在于，所述通孔的总面积在织物电极本体的横截面积中占比在30％-70％之间。
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