CN107197718A - 一种桃树的病虫害防治方法 - Google Patents

一种桃树的病虫害防治方法 Download PDF

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CN107197718A
CN107197718A CN201710507964.9A CN201710507964A CN107197718A CN 107197718 A CN107197718 A CN 107197718A CN 201710507964 A CN201710507964 A CN 201710507964A CN 107197718 A CN107197718 A CN 107197718A
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peach
control method
pest control
water
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刘水平
吴永
刘双木
吴培灿
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Tongren Luyuan Ecological Agriculture And Forestry Development Co Ltd
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Tongren Luyuan Ecological Agriculture And Forestry Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于种植技术领域，尤其是一种桃树的病虫害防治方法，明根据育苗期、定植前期、定植后期和生长期进行合理的规划，再通过合理的搭配杀虫、灭菌等物质，进而有效的降低桃树生长过程中疾病的发生几率，同时还能提高桃树的抗病能力，提高存活率，防治效果显著，桃树产量高，品质优。

Description

一种桃树的病虫害防治方法
技术领域
本发明属于种植技术领域，尤其是一种桃树的病虫害防治方法。
背景技术
桃树为落叶乔木，树皮黑色，高达8米，小枝红褐色或褐绿色，无毛；芽密被灰色绒毛，叶椭圆状披针形，长7～15cm，花单生，径约3cm，粉红色，果近球形，径5～7cm，表面密被绒毛，花期3～4月，先叶开放，果6～9月成熟，为常见的果树及观赏花木，果肉清津味甘，除生食之外亦可制干、制罐；果、叶均含杏仁酣，均可入药；据《本草纲目》记载，成熟桃晒干称碧桃干，治溢汗、止血；嫩果晒干称碧桃，治吐血、心疼、妊妇下血、小儿虚汗；叶称桃枝，窜气行血、煎水洗风湿、皮肤病、汗泡湿疹；根、干切片称桃根或桃头，治黄疸、腹痛、胃热；花称白桃花，治水肿、便秘；桃树根可以清热利湿，活血止痛，截疟，杀虫，还可用于风湿关节炎，腰痛，跌打损伤，丝虫病，间日疟。
由于桃树在生长过程中抗病能力较弱，容易受到桃潜蛾、蚜虫、红蜘蛛和桃小食心虫等危害，也容易发生褐斑病、根瘤病、炭疽病、树干流胶病等，因此在桃树的生长过程中，病虫害的防治显得十分重要，而在现有技术中桃树的病虫害的防治效果较差，并且药物的使用方式不合理，进而造成植株存活率低，产量下降，给养殖户带来经济损失。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种桃树的病虫害防治方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种桃树的病虫害防治方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)育苗期：在培养液中添加有抗病成分，添加剂量为营养液重量的5～8％；
(2)定植前期：在定期地中挖排水沟，排水沟与定植沟平行，间距为40～60cm，桃树栽种在定植沟中，间距为1.5～2.2m，定植沟宽为14～18cm，沟深为25～35cm，长度不限；
(3)定植后期：定植覆盖地膜时，采用普力克、生石灰、大蒜提取物和水混合后均匀喷洒在垄面形成药膜，然后在覆膜；
(4)生长期：采用硫酸铜、吡虫啉、黄芪提取物、阿维联苯菊酯、滑石粉、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、没食子酸丙酯、石蜡和水混合后喷洒植株；再采用草酸、磺甲硝咪唑、噻霉酮和水混合后喷洒植株，两种方式交替使用，直至果实成熟。
所述抗病成分原料以重量份计为：白术20～25份、西瓜皮15～20份、苏叶11～14份、黄芪5～10份、玉米须12～14份、牛黄5～8份、铜钱草6～10份。
所述普力克为20～25重量份、生石灰30～35重量份、大蒜提取物为15～20重量份、水为80～100重量份。
所述硫酸铜20～25份、吡虫啉15～25份、黄芪提取物20～25份、阿维联苯菊酯14～18份、滑石粉30～40份、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚5～10份、没食子酸丙酯7～12份、石蜡20～30份、水80～100份。
所述草酸20～25份、磺甲硝咪唑3～5份、噻霉酮12～15份、水35～45份。
所述大蒜提取物是将大蒜粉碎只200～300目后，采用水为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为44～48℃，提取时间为30～40min，提取频率为15～20KHz,提取3次即可。
所述黄芪提取物将黄芪粉碎至200～300目后，采用乙醇为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为38～43℃，提取时间为1～3h，提取频率为10～15KHz,提取2次即可。
本发明有益效果：
在育苗期通过添加白术、西瓜皮、苏叶、黄芪、玉米须、牛黄和铜钱草等中药成分，并经过合理的搭配后，能够有效的杀灭病菌，减少病原菌对植株为危害，同时还能促进植株生长，缩短育苗周期；定植前期通过合理的安排定植间距，在结合种植沟的合理规划，建造出一种能够有效抑制致病虫的生长和繁殖的环境，同时使得桃树在生长过程中光照和通风条件良好；定植后期通过合理的搭配药物成分喷洒在地膜上，有效的防治病原菌及害虫的浸入，为桃树苗提供良好的生长环境；在生长期间通过选择合理的灭菌、灭虫成分，并采用交替施用的方式喷洒在桃树叶面，提高桃树的抗病能力，提高对病虫害的防治效果，避免水果表面腐蚀。
本发明根据育苗期、定植前期、定植后期和生长期进行合理的规划，再通过合理的搭配杀虫、灭菌等物质，进而有效的降低桃树生长过程中疾病的发生几率，同时还能提高桃树的抗病能力，提高存活率，防治效果显著，桃树产量高，品质优。
具体实施方式
下面结核具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定，但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
实施例1
一种桃树的病虫害防治方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)育苗期：在培养液中添加有抗病成分，添加剂量为营养液重量的8％；
(2)定植前期：在定期地中挖排水沟，排水沟与定植沟平行，间距为40cm，桃树栽种在定植沟中，间距为1.5m，定植沟宽为14cm，沟深为25cm，长度不限；
(3)定植后期：定植覆盖地膜时，采用普力克、生石灰、大蒜提取物和水混合后均匀喷洒在垄面形成药膜，然后在覆膜；
(4)生长期：采用硫酸铜、吡虫啉、黄芪提取物、阿维联苯菊酯、滑石粉、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、没食子酸丙酯、石蜡和水混合后喷洒植株；再采用草酸、磺甲硝咪唑、噻霉酮和水混合后喷洒植株，两种方式交替使用，直至果实成熟。
所述抗病成分原料以重量份计为：白术2kg、西瓜皮1.5kg、苏叶1.1kg、黄芪0.5kg、玉米须1.2kg、牛黄0.5kg、铜钱草0.6kg。
所述普力克为2kg、生石灰3kg、大蒜提取物为1.5kg、水为8kg。
所述硫酸铜2kg、吡虫啉1.5kg、黄芪提取物2kg、阿维联苯菊酯1.4kg、滑石粉3kg、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚0.5kg、没食子酸丙酯0.7kg、石蜡2kg、水8kg。
所述草酸2kg、磺甲硝咪唑0.3kg、噻霉酮1.2kg、水3.5kg。
所述大蒜提取物是将大蒜粉碎只200目后，采用水为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为44℃，提取时间为30min，提取频率为15KHz,提取3次即可。
所述黄芪提取物将黄芪粉碎至200目后，采用乙醇为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为38℃，提取时间为1h，提取频率为10KHz,提取2次即可。
效果验证：试验组采用实施例1方案，对照组采用传统桃树病虫害防治方法，试验以每667m2种植的桃树果实为对象，防治效果如下表：
由试验结果可知，采用实施例1方案能够提高桃树的单果重、果径、可溶性固形物、还原性Vc，其中试验组单果重高于对照组33.6g，果径大于对照组2.7，可溶性固形物高于对照组5.69％，还原性高于对照组0.59mb/kg，对硬度无明显影响，试验组虫果率显著低于对照组5.9％。
实施例2
一种桃树的病虫害防治方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)育苗期：在培养液中添加有抗病成分，添加剂量为营养液重量的8％；
(2)定植前期：在定期地中挖排水沟，排水沟与定植沟平行，间距为60cm，桃树栽种在定植沟中，间距为2.2m，定植沟宽为18cm，沟深为35cm，长度不限；
(3)定植后期：定植覆盖地膜时，采用普力克、生石灰、大蒜提取物和水混合后均匀喷洒在垄面形成药膜，然后在覆膜；
(4)生长期：采用硫酸铜、吡虫啉、黄芪提取物、阿维联苯菊酯、滑石粉、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、没食子酸丙酯、石蜡和水混合后喷洒植株；再采用草酸、磺甲硝咪唑、噻霉酮和水混合后喷洒植株，两种方式交替使用，直至果实成熟。
所述抗病成分原料以重量份计为：白术2.5kg、西瓜皮2kg、苏叶1.4kg、黄芪0.1kg、玉米须1.4kg、牛黄0.8kg、铜钱草1kg。
所述普力克为2.5kg、生石灰3.5kg、大蒜提取物为2kg、水为10kg。
所述硫酸铜25kg、吡虫啉2.5kg、黄芪提取物2.5kg、阿维联苯菊酯1.8kg、滑石粉4kg、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚1kg、没食子酸丙酯1.2kg、石蜡3kg、水10kg。
所述草酸2.5kg、磺甲硝咪唑0.5kg、噻霉酮1.5kg、水4.5kg。
所述大蒜提取物是将大蒜粉碎只300目后，采用水为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为48℃，提取时间为40min，提取频率为20KHz,提取3次即可。
所述黄芪提取物将黄芪粉碎至300目后，采用乙醇为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为43℃，提取时间为3h，提取频率为15KHz,提取2次即可。
实施例3
一种桃树的病虫害防治方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)育苗期：在培养液中添加有抗病成分，添加剂量为营养液重量的7％；
(2)定植前期：在定期地中挖排水沟，排水沟与定植沟平行，间距为52cm，桃树栽种在定植沟中，间距为1.8m，定植沟宽为17cm，沟深为32cm，长度不限；
(3)定植后期：定植覆盖地膜时，采用普力克、生石灰、大蒜提取物和水混合后均匀喷洒在垄面形成药膜，然后在覆膜；
(4)生长期：采用硫酸铜、吡虫啉、黄芪提取物、阿维联苯菊酯、滑石粉、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、没食子酸丙酯、石蜡和水混合后喷洒植株；再采用草酸、磺甲硝咪唑、噻霉酮和水混合后喷洒植株，两种方式交替使用，直至果实成熟。
所述抗病成分原料以重量份计为：白术2.3kg、西瓜皮1.6kg、苏叶1.2kg、黄芪0.7kg、玉米须1.4kg、牛黄0.7kg、铜钱草0.8kg。
所述普力克为2.4kg、生石灰3.1kg、大蒜提取物为1.6kg、水为9.5kg。
所述硫酸铜2.1kg、吡虫啉2.3kg、黄芪提取物2.4kg、阿维联苯菊酯1.6kg、滑石粉3.1kg、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚0.9kg、没食子酸丙酯1kg、石蜡2.2kg、水9kg。
所述草酸2.3kg、磺甲硝咪唑0.4kg、噻霉酮1.4kg、水3.8kg。
所述大蒜提取物是将大蒜粉碎只250目后，采用水为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为46℃，提取时间为32min，提取频率为17KHz,提取3次即可。
所述黄芪提取物将黄芪粉碎至250目后，采用乙醇为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为42℃，提取时间为2h，提取频率为12KHz,提取2次即可。
实施例4
一种桃树的病虫害防治方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)育苗期：在培养液中添加有抗病成分，添加剂量为营养液重量的6％；
(2)定植前期：在定期地中挖排水沟，排水沟与定植沟平行，间距为45cm，桃树栽种在定植沟中，间距为2m，定植沟宽为14～18cm，沟深为28cm，长度不限；
(3)定植后期：定植覆盖地膜时，采用普力克、生石灰、大蒜提取物和水混合后均匀喷洒在垄面形成药膜，然后在覆膜；
(4)生长期：采用硫酸铜、吡虫啉、黄芪提取物、阿维联苯菊酯、滑石粉、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、没食子酸丙酯、石蜡和水混合后喷洒植株；再采用草酸、磺甲硝咪唑、噻霉酮和水混合后喷洒植株，两种方式交替使用，直至果实成熟。
所述抗病成分原料以重量份计为：白术2.5kg、西瓜皮1.5kg、苏叶1.4kg、黄芪0.5kg、玉米须1.2kg、牛黄0.7kg、铜钱草0.8kg。
所述普力克为2.5kg、生石灰3kg、大蒜提取物为2kg、水为10kg。
所述硫酸铜2kg、吡虫啉2.5kg、黄芪提取物2kg、阿维联苯菊酯1.7kg、滑石粉3.5kg、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚0.6kg、没食子酸丙酯1kg、石蜡2.5kg、水8.5kg。
所述草酸2kg、磺甲硝咪唑0.5kg、噻霉酮1.2kg、水3.5kg。
所述大蒜提取物是将大蒜粉碎只220目后，采用水为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为45℃，提取时间为30min，提取频率为20KHz,提取3次即可。
所述黄芪提取物将黄芪粉碎至280目后，采用乙醇为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为38℃，提取时间为3h，提取频率为10KHz,提取2次即可。
实施例5
一种桃树的病虫害防治方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)育苗期：在培养液中添加有抗病成分，添加剂量为营养液重量的5～8％；
(2)定植前期：在定期地中挖排水沟，排水沟与定植沟平行，间距为43cm，桃树栽种在定植沟中，间距为1.6m，定植沟宽为15cm，沟深为32cm，长度不限；
(3)定植后期：定植覆盖地膜时，采用普力克、生石灰、大蒜提取物和水混合后均匀喷洒在垄面形成药膜，然后在覆膜；
(4)生长期：采用硫酸铜、吡虫啉、黄芪提取物、阿维联苯菊酯、滑石粉、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、没食子酸丙酯、石蜡和水混合后喷洒植株；再采用草酸、磺甲硝咪唑、噻霉酮和水混合后喷洒植株，两种方式交替使用，直至果实成熟。
所述抗病成分原料以重量份计为：白术2.5kg、西瓜皮2kg、苏叶1.1kg、黄芪0.5kg、玉米须1.3kg、牛黄0.5kg、铜钱草1kg。
所述普力克为2kg、生石灰3.2kg、大蒜提取物为1.8kg、水为8.5kg。
所述硫酸铜2.5kg、吡虫啉1.8kg、黄芪提取物2.1kg、阿维联苯菊酯1.7kg、滑石粉3.1kg、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚0.9kg、没食子酸丙酯1.1kg、石蜡2.5kg、水8.8kg。
所述草酸2.4kg、磺甲硝咪唑0.5kg、噻霉酮1.3kg、水4.3kg。
所述大蒜提取物是将大蒜粉碎只260目后，采用水为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为47℃，提取时间为37min，提取频率为19KHz,提取3次即可。
所述黄芪提取物将黄芪粉碎至230目后，采用乙醇为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为39℃，提取时间为2h，提取频率为12KHz,提取2次即可。

Claims (7)

1.一种桃树的病虫害防治方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)育苗期：在培养液中添加有中药成分，添加剂量为营养液重量的5～8％；
(2)定植前期：在定期地中挖排水沟，排水沟与定植沟平行，间距为40～60cm，桃树栽种在定植沟中，间距为1.5～2.2m，定植沟宽为14～18cm，沟深为25～35cm，长度不限；
(3)定植后期：定植覆盖地膜时，采用普力克、生石灰、大蒜提取物和余量水混合后均匀喷洒在垄面形成药膜，然后在覆膜；
(4)生长期：采用硫酸铜、吡虫啉、黄芪提取物、阿维联苯菊酯、滑石粉、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、没食子酸丙酯、石蜡和水混合后喷洒植株；再采用草酸、磺甲硝咪唑、噻霉酮和水混合后喷洒植株，两种方式交替使用，直至果实成熟。
2.如权利要求1所述病虫害防治方法，其特征在于，所述抗病成分原料以重量份计为：白术20～25份、西瓜皮15～20份、苏叶11～14份、黄芪5～10份、玉米须12～14份、牛黄5～8份、铜钱草6～10份。
3.如权利要求1所述病虫害防治方法，其特征在于，所述普力克为20～25重量份、生石灰30～35重量份、大蒜提取物为15～20重量份、水为80～100重量份。
4.如权利要求1所述病虫害防治方法，其特征在于，所述硫酸铜20～25份、吡虫啉15～25份、黄芪提取物20～25份、阿维联苯菊酯14～18份、滑石粉30～40份、2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚5～10份、没食子酸丙酯7～12份、石蜡20～30份、水80～100份。
5.如权利要求1所述病虫害防治方法，其特征在于，所述草酸20～25份、磺甲硝咪唑3～5份、噻霉酮12～15份、水35～45份。
6.如权利要求1所述病虫害防治方法，其特征在于，所述大蒜提取物是将大蒜粉碎只200～300目后，采用水为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为44～48℃，提取时间为30～40min，提取频率为15～20KHz,提取3次即可。
7.如权利要求1所述病虫害防治方法，其特征在于，所述黄芪提取物将黄芪粉碎至200～300目后，采用乙醇为溶剂，超声波提取机提取，提取温度为38～43℃，提取时间为1～3h，提取频率为10～15KHz,提取2次即可。
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