CN107195838B - Heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore diameter for lithium ion battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore diameter for lithium ion battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107195838B CN107195838B CN201710299395.3A CN201710299395A CN107195838B CN 107195838 B CN107195838 B CN 107195838B CN 201710299395 A CN201710299395 A CN 201710299395A CN 107195838 B CN107195838 B CN 107195838B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore diameter for a lithium ion battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof, wherein the heat-resistant coating is of a porous structure, the average pore diameter is 600-800 nm, and the concentrated distribution rate of micropores with the pore diameter of 500-800nm is more than or equal to 60%. Wherein the uniform and ordered pore diameter is obtained by treating for 3-30min in a pore-forming environment with the temperature of 30-90 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-100%. The heat-resistant coating provided by the invention has uniform and ordered pore diameters, can avoid serious reduction of the porosity and the air permeability of the composite diaphragm, and can enable the lithium ion battery to have excellent energy output, power output, safety performance and cycle performance when being applied to the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery diaphragms, in particular to a heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore diameter for a lithium ion battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Because the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high working voltage, high energy density, no memory effect, long cycle life and the like, the lithium ion battery is widely applied to the fields of portable digital equipment, electric tools, electric automobiles and the like.
The separator is an indispensable component in the lithium ion battery, and the main function of the separator is to isolate the positive electrode and the negative electrode from direct contact and prevent short circuit, and simultaneously allow ions in the electrolyte to freely pass through. The performance of the separator may affect the internal resistance, safety, and cell interface structure of the battery. The diaphragm has good heat resistance, and the safety performance of the battery is naturally guaranteed; and the diaphragm with moderate aperture and good uniformity can better ensure the energy output, power output and cycle life of the lithium ion battery.
Polyolefin microporous membranes are generally subjected to raw material screening and process parameter adjustment to obtain uniform pore sizes. JP2013166804A uses a weight average molecular weight5×105～9×105With a weight average molecular weight of 1X 106The mixture of the second polyethylenes above is formed into a gel-like sheet, which is stretched, heat-set, washed, stretched again, and heat-treated to obtain a separator having an appropriate pore size and a high degree of concentration of distribution. CN101645498A provides a method for regulating and controlling pore size of a polyolefin microporous membrane, that is, by adjusting heat treatment conditions of a polyolefin base membrane, metastable phase of the polyolefin base membrane is monitored, and pore size and porosity of the polyolefin base microporous membrane are regulated and controlled according to the monitored metastable phase and microporous properties of the polyolefin base membrane. However, the polyolefin diaphragm generally has poor heat resistance and has a space for improvement.
The coating for the lithium ion battery diaphragm is prepared by adopting a coating mode, so that the heat resistance can be obviously improved, but the uniformity of the aperture of the coating is difficult to ensure, the phenomenon of hole blocking is easy to occur, and the energy output, the power output and the cycle life of the lithium ion battery are weakened to a certain extent.
The fiber diaphragm prepared by the electrostatic spinning process can obtain a diaphragm with good heat resistance and uniform aperture, but the diaphragm is expensive and is difficult to realize mass production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore diameter for a lithium ion battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof. The heat-resistant coating is of a porous structure, the pore diameter is uniform and ordered, the porosity and the air permeability of the composite diaphragm can be prevented from being seriously reduced, the value of the heat-resistant coating is kept at a better level, and the composite diaphragm containing the heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore diameter is applied to a lithium ion battery, so that the lithium ion battery has excellent energy output, power output, safety performance and cycle performance.
The first purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore diameters for the lithium ion battery diaphragm is a porous structure, the average pore diameter of the heat-resistant coating is 600-800 nm, and the concentrated distribution rate of micropores with the pore diameter of 500-800nm is more than or equal to 60 percent.
Furthermore, the concentrated distribution rate of the micropores with the pore diameter of 500-800nm is more than or equal to 65 percent.
Furthermore, the concentrated distribution rate of the micropores with the pore diameter of 500-800nm is more than or equal to 70 percent.
If the average pore diameter is less than 500nm, the pore blocking phenomenon is easy to occur, and the energy output and the power output of the lithium ion battery are weakened; if the average pore diameter is more than 800nm, the heat resistance is not improved sufficiently, and the safety performance of the lithium ion battery is weakened.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore diameter comprises the following steps that a porous structure is arranged on the heat-resistant coating, the average pore diameter is 600-700nm, and the concentrated distribution rate of micropores with the pore diameter of 500-800nm is more than or equal to 60 percent; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing heat-resistant coating slurry: adding 100 parts of heat-resistant polymer into 200-900 parts of solvent, heating and stirring until the heat-resistant polymer is dissolved; after the dissolution is finished, adding 0-50 parts of inorganic particles, 5-15 parts of pore-foaming agent and 3-10 parts of surfactant; continuously heating and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, ultrasonically dispersing, cooling and standing to obtain heat-resistant coating slurry;
(2) coating: coating the heat-resistant coating slurry obtained in the step (1) on the surface of a base material;
(3) pore-forming: placing the base material coated with the heat-resistant coating in the step (2) in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box with the temperature of 30-90 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-100% for pore-forming for 3-30 min;
(4) and (3) drying: and (4) cleaning the heat-resistant coating after pore forming in the step (3), and drying to form a film.
Further, in the step (1), the heating and stirring temperature is 50-120 ℃, the ultrasonic dispersion time is 15-60 min, and the cooling and standing time is 0.5-3 h.
Further, the heat-resistant polymer in the step (1) is one or more of polyacrylonitrile, polyetherimide, polyisophthaloyl metaphenylene diamine, polyether sulfone, polyarylsulfone and a blending and copolymerization system derived from the above polymers; the solvent is one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone and ethanol; the inorganic particles are one or a mixture of more than one of oxide, hydroxide and nitride, and the average particle size is 0.1-1.2 μm; the pore-foaming agent is one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone; the surfactant is one or more of tween 20, tween 40, tween 60, tween 61, tween 80 and tween 85.
Further, the weight average molecular weight Mw of the heat-resistant polymer in the step (1) is 2X 104≤Mw≤2.4×105And the molecular weight distribution satisfies Mw/Mn of 1.5. ltoreq. Mw/Mn. ltoreq.10, wherein Mn is the number average molecular weight.
Further, the coating manner in the step (2) is one of dip coating, blade coating, slit, dimple and reverse roller.
Further, the temperature in the step (3) is 30-80 ℃; the relative humidity is 75-100%; the treatment time is 3-20 min. Further, the temperature is 40-80 ℃; the relative humidity is 75-95%; the treatment time is 3-15 min.
Further, the drying in the step (4) adopts one of natural air drying, hot air drying and high-temperature drying; the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
The uniform and ordered pore diameter of the heat-resistant coating is obtained by processing under a high-temperature and wet pore-forming environment, under the high-humidity environment, water vapor is condensed on the surface of a polymer solution to form water drops, under the action of the surface tension and capillary force of the water drops, the polymer is separated out at the interface of the water drops and an organic solvent and plays a role in stabilizing the water drops, so that the water drops cannot be agglomerated together, and when the organic solvent and water are completely volatilized, the appearance of the water drops is copied, and an ordered porous structure is formed on the surface of a polymer film.
When the temperature is lower than 30 ℃, the solvent is not fully volatilized; the base film is easily deformed at a temperature higher than 90 ℃. It is known that the relative humidity is up to 100%, and when the relative humidity is below 60%, the coating forms a dense layer. If the treatment time is less than 3min, the pore-forming time is too short, and a compact layer is formed; if the treatment time is more than 30min, the production efficiency is seriously affected.
Wherein, the pore size and the concentrated distribution rate thereof are obtained by coating the heat-resistant coating slurry on a glass substrate, forming pores, drying, separating and detecting on a pore size analyzer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the heat-resistant coating has a porous structure, the average pore size is 600-700nm, and the 500-800nm pore size concentrated distribution rate is not less than 60%, preferably not less than 65%, and more preferably not less than 70%; the pore diameter of the coating is uniform and ordered, so that the porosity and the air permeability of the composite diaphragm can be prevented from being seriously reduced, the value of the composite diaphragm is kept at a better level, and the composite diaphragm containing the heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore diameters is applied to a lithium ion battery, so that the lithium ion battery has more excellent energy output, power output, safety performance and cycle performance.
(2) The preparation method of the heat-resistant coating provided by the invention is simple and easy to operate, uniform and ordered pore-forming, low in cost and convenient for large-scale production.
(3) The heat-resistant temperature of the heat-resistant polymer and the inorganic particles used in the preparation method is higher than 180 ℃, so that the heat-resistant stability of the diaphragm can be obviously improved, and the safety performance of the lithium ion battery is enhanced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.
In the present invention, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise specified, and the equipment and materials used are commercially available or commonly used in the art. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore size is prepared by the following method:
(1) 10g of a polymer having a weight-average molecular weight Mw of 1.2X 105Molecular weight ofA polyetherimide having a distribution Mw/Mn of 2 was added to a solvent composed of 55g N, N-dimethylacetamide, and dissolved with stirring at 80 ℃. After the dissolution is finished, 3g of alumina (with the average particle size of 0.5 mu m), 1.3g of polyethylene glycol and 0.6g of Tween 80 are added, the mixture is continuously heated and stirred until the mixture is completely dissolved, ultrasonically dispersed for 45min, cooled and kept stand for 1 h.
(2) Respectively coating the prepared coating liquid on both sides of a glass substrate and a polyethylene microporous membrane, placing in a constant temperature and humidity box with the temperature of 60 ℃ and the humidity of 75% for 8min, washing with deionized water, and finally drying in hot air at the temperature of 75 ℃ to respectively obtain the microporous coating membrane and the composite diaphragm.
(3) The microporous coating film was separated from the glass substrate, and the pore size and its concentration distribution were measured with a pore size analyzer.
(4) And detecting the performance of the composite diaphragm.
Comparative example 1
A heat-resistant coating is prepared by the following method:
different from the embodiment 1, the prepared coating solution is respectively coated on the two sides of the glass substrate and the polyethylene microporous membrane, the glass substrate and the polyethylene microporous membrane are placed in a constant temperature and humidity box with the temperature of 60 ℃ and the humidity of 40% for 3min, the membrane is washed by deionized water, and finally the membrane is dried in hot air with the temperature of 75 ℃. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 2
The heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore size is prepared by the following method:
(1) 10g of a polymer having a weight-average molecular weight Mw of 8X 104Polyacrylonitrile having a molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of 4 was added to 40g of N, N-dimethylformamide and dissolved with stirring at 70 ℃. And after the dissolution is finished, adding 1.5g of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 0.4g of Tween 60, continuously heating and stirring until the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the Tween 60 are completely dissolved, cooling and standing for 1.5 h.
(2) Respectively coating the prepared coating liquid on both sides of a glass substrate and a polyethylene microporous membrane, placing in a constant temperature and humidity box with the temperature of 65 ℃ and the humidity of 85% for 5min, washing with deionized water, and finally drying in hot air at the temperature of 80 ℃ to respectively obtain the microporous coating membrane and the composite diaphragm.
(3) The microporous coating film was separated from the glass substrate, and the pore size and its concentration distribution were measured with a pore size analyzer.
(4) And detecting the performance of the composite diaphragm.
Comparative example 2
A heat-resistant coating is prepared by the following method:
different from the embodiment 2, the prepared coating solution is respectively coated on both sides of the glass substrate and the polyethylene microporous membrane, immersed in the mixed liquid of ethanol and deionized water (the volume ratio of the deionized water is 50%), washed by the deionized water, and finally the membrane is dried in hot air at 80 ℃ to respectively obtain the microporous coating membrane and the composite membrane. The rest is the same as in example 2.
Example 3
The heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore size is prepared by the following method:
different from the example 1, the 55g N, N-dimethylacetamide solvent in the step (1) is changed into 40g N, N-dimethylacetamide solvent, the polyethylene microporous membrane in the step (2) is changed into a polypropylene nonwoven membrane, the humidity is changed into 70%, and the standing time of the constant temperature and humidity box is changed into 10 min. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
A heat-resistant coating is prepared by the following method:
the same polyethylene microporous film as in example 1 was used as a comparative example without any treatment.
Porosity: p ═ 1- [ m ] was calculated from the following equationj/dj+(x/dn+y/dw)*m/(l*b*t)]100, wherein mjPolyolefin microporous Membrane sample weight, djPolyolefin microporous membrane raw material density, x is specific gravity of heat-resistant polymer in coating solid content, dnThe density of the heat-resistant polymer, y is the specific gravity of the inorganic particles in the solid content of the coating, dwThe inorganic particle density is represented by l, the sample length, b, and t, the sample thickness.
Air permeability value: measured by a Gurley air-permeable assistance tester.
Heat shrinkage ratio: measured by an electrothermal constant-temperature air-blast drying oven.
Capacity remaining rate: adopting an instrument and equipment BS-9300 performance tester, carrying out charge-discharge cycling test at a multiplying power of 0.5C, adopting a constant current and constant voltage charging system (CC-CV) and a constant current discharging system, wherein the charge-discharge voltage range is 3.0-4.2V, firstly carrying out constant current charging at 0.5C to 4.2V, then carrying out constant voltage charging at 4.2V until the current is less than 20mA, then carrying out constant current discharging at 0.5C to the final voltage of 3.0V, and repeating the steps for 400 times to record the residual capacity data.
Next, the separators obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were observed for comparison of their properties
Table 1 comparison of the properties of the separators in the examples and comparative examples provided by the present invention
As can be seen from Table 1, the heat-resistant coating of the diaphragm has uniform and ordered pore diameter and high concentrated distribution rate of the pore diameter, which indicates that the pore-forming uniformity is good; under the condition that the porosity and the air permeability are not obviously reduced, the composite diaphragm has remarkably enhanced heat-resistant stability, so that the lithium ion battery comprising the composite diaphragm provided by the invention has more excellent energy output, power output, safety performance and cycle performance.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the heat-resistant coating with uniform and ordered pore diameters for the lithium ion battery diaphragm is characterized in that the heat-resistant coating is of a porous structure, the average pore diameter of the heat-resistant coating is 600-800 nm, and the concentrated distribution rate of micropores with the pore diameter of 500-800nm is more than or equal to 70 percent;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing heat-resistant coating slurry: adding 100 parts of heat-resistant polymer into 200-900 parts of solvent, heating and stirring until the heat-resistant polymer is dissolved; after the dissolution is finished, adding 0-50 parts of heat-resistant inorganic particles, 5-15 parts of pore-foaming agent and 3-10 parts of surfactant; continuously heating and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, ultrasonically dispersing, cooling and standing to obtain heat-resistant coating slurry;
(2) coating: coating the heat-resistant coating slurry obtained in the step (1) on the surface of a base material;
(3) pore-forming: placing the base material coated with the heat-resistant coating in the step (2) in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box with the temperature of 30-90 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-100% for pore-forming for 3-30 min;
(4) and (3) drying: cleaning the heat-resistant coating after pore forming in the step (3), and then drying to form a film;
the weight average molecular weight Mw of the heat-resistant polymer in the step (1) is 2X 104≤Mw≤2.4×105And the molecular weight distribution satisfies Mw/Mn of 1.5-10, wherein Mn is the number average molecular weight; the heat-resistant polymer is one or more of polyacrylonitrile, polyetherimide, polyisophthaloyl metaphenylene diamine, polyether sulfone, polyarylsulfone and a blending and copolymerization system derived from the polymer; the heat-resistant inorganic particles are one or a mixture of more than one of oxide, hydroxide and nitride.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heating and stirring in the step (1) is 50-120 ℃, the time of ultrasonic dispersion is 15-60 min, and the time of cooling and standing is 0.5-3 h.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solvent in step (1) is one or more selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone, and ethanol; the average particle size of the heat-resistant inorganic particles is 0.1-1.2 μm; the pore-foaming agent is one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone; the surfactant is one or more of tween 20, tween 40, tween 60, tween 61, tween 80 and tween 85.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coating manner in the step (2) is one of dip coating, blade coating, slit, dimple and reverse roll.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the step (3) is 30 to 80 ℃; the relative humidity is 75-100%; and the pore-forming time is 3-20 min.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the drying in the step (4) is one of hot air drying and high temperature drying; the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108023050B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2021-03-30 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | Poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) coated lithium ion battery diaphragm |
| CN109382291A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-02-26 | 珠海恩捷新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of oiliness lithium battery diaphragm coating process method and apparatus |
| CN109192910A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-11 | 江苏清陶能源科技有限公司 | A kind of oiliness coating and nano ceramic fibers composite diaphragm and preparation method thereof |
| CN111755649B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2022-10-28 | 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 | PEI coating slurry, diaphragm, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110205018B (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2021-01-29 | 上海钱丰纺织品有限公司 | Heat-resistant coating and preparation method thereof |
| KR102477643B1 (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2022-12-13 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | A separator for an electrochemical device and an electrochemical device comprising the same |
| CN113054324A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-06-29 | 上海恩捷新材料科技有限公司 | High-safety diaphragm and battery |
| CN113690540A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-23 | 惠州锂威新能源科技有限公司 | Diaphragm, preparation method thereof and secondary battery |
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| CN101714619A (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2010-05-26 | 索尼株式会社 | Diaphragm with heat-resistance insulating layer and non-water electrolyte secondary battery |
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| CN101714619A (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2010-05-26 | 索尼株式会社 | Diaphragm with heat-resistance insulating layer and non-water electrolyte secondary battery |
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Address after: Chancheng District of Guangdong city in Foshan province 528000 quarter of Huayi Road No. 28, a two building 17 layer (residence declaration) Patentee after: Foshan Jinhui Gao Ke photoelectric material Limited by Share Ltd. Address before: 528000 No. three, light industrial road 7, Chancheng District, Guangdong, Foshan Patentee before: FOSHAN JINHUI HIGH-TECH OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIAL Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20230104 Address after: 463000 industrial cluster area, Suiping County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province Patentee after: HENAN HUIQIANG NEW ENERGY MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 528000 Guangdong, Foshan, Chancheng, Ji Hua Road 28, a two 17 story (residence declaration) Patentee before: Foshan Jinhui Gao Ke photoelectric material Limited by Share Ltd. |
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