CN107194888A - One kind scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map - Google Patents
One kind scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map Download PDFInfo
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- CN107194888A CN107194888A CN201710324371.9A CN201710324371A CN107194888A CN 107194888 A CN107194888 A CN 107194888A CN 201710324371 A CN201710324371 A CN 201710324371A CN 107194888 A CN107194888 A CN 107194888A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/80—Geometric correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/11—Region-based segmentation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/136—Segmentation; Edge detection involving thresholding
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Abstract
One kind scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map, scanning topographic map is the topographic map after electronization, is easy to carry, reads, but lacks geography information, is not easy to the expansion of vocational work.Pass through the geometric correction to scanning topographic map, it is possible to achieve its geography informatization, same place needed for being proofreaded to it is to being mainly derived from the interior Marginal point and square rid lattice point of image.This method carries out some basic handlings to image first, then the Marginal point and square rid lattice point in scanning topographic map are found using Hough transformation principle, and the actual coordinate of Marginal point and square rid lattice point is calculated using map sheet title, and corresponding same place pair is formed, and then scanning topographic map is automatically corrected using multinomial or TPS methods.
Description
Technical field
The full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map is scanned the present invention relates to one kind, is mainly used in scanning the full-automatic geometry of topographic map
Correction.
Background technology
Topographic map is the general map for showing landform emphatically, because drawing scope is smaller, therefore can compare accurate and detailed
Carefully represent the natural geography factors such as ground landforms and hydrology, landform, soil, vegetation, and residential area, traffic lines, boundary line, work
The social economy such as Cheng Jianzhu key element.It is indispensable instrument in economic construction, national defense construction and scientific research.Scan landform
Figure is the topographic map after electronization, is easy to carry, reads, but lacks geography information, is not easy to the expansion of vocational work.
At present, can be using the pattern of purchase DRG data come work of commencing business.First, price is often restriction purchase
Matter of utmost importance, secondly, purchase DRG be a kind of wasting of resources to having possessed papery topographic map.Therefore, computer technology is utilized
Realize the automatic Marginal point of scanning topographic map and the automatic school found and further realize scanning topographic map of square rid lattice point
Just, it is very valuable work.
For the geometric correction of image, mainly by same place to determining the relation of image and true geographical position.
And for scanning topographic map, the source of its same place pair essentially consists in the interior Marginal point and square rid lattice point of image.Therefore, it is many
Technological means is planted to make an effort on the interior Marginal point and square rid lattice point for how positioning image.Such as manually select in image and scheme
Marginal point, semi-automatic judgement square rid lattice point substantially or based on Hough transformation searching side in wide point, semi-automatic process decision chart picture
Backing wire lattice point etc..It is readily apparent that these points are the intersection point of image neatline and the intersection point of square rid ruling, therefore,
The requirement of correlation technique is the neatline and square rid ruling for how accurately extracting image.
The content of the invention
The technology of the present invention solves problem：Overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided one kind scanning topographic map is full-automatic
Bearing calibration, is a kind of square rid lattice point and Marginal point algorithm being automatically positioned in scanning topographic map, with reference to scanning topographic map
The map title, without geographical coordinate be can be achieved scanning topographic map full-automatic geometric correction.
The present invention technical solution be：
One kind scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map, step is as follows：
(1) sheet designation of scanning topographic map is obtained；
(2) sheet designation obtained according to step (1), calculates the actual geographic coordinate of Marginal point position；
(3) sheet designation obtained according to step (1), calculates the actual geographic coordinate of all square rid lattice points in map sheet；
(4) scanning topographic map is pre-processed；
(5) Hough transform is carried out to the image obtained after pretreatment, searches all horizontal lines section in scanning topographic map；
(6) horizontal line found out section is handled, rejects interference horizontal line section, form effective horizontal line section group；
(7) according to effective horizontal line section group fitting horizontal straight line；
(8) undesirable horizontal straight line is rejected；
(9) vertical curve is fitted to the method for (8) according to step (5)；
(10) intersecting calculating is carried out to the horizontal straight line and vertical curve that fit, obtains the plan of Marginal point and square rid lattice point
Close position；
(11) by above-mentioned matching position information and scanning topographic map contrast, form effective matching position point and rank table；
(12) reality for the Marginal point position that the effective matching position point obtained according to step (11) ranks table, step (2) is obtained
The actual geographic coordinate for the square rid lattice point that border geographical coordinate and step (3) are obtained, matching obtains same place pair；
(13) scanning topographic map is corrected automatically according to same place.
The step (4) pre-processes to scanning topographic map, is specially：
(2.1) scanning topographic map is subjected to greyscale transformation；
(2.2) image after greyscale transformation is subjected to binaryzation conversion.
Greyscale transformation formula is：
Gray=0.2999*r+0.587*g+0.114*b
In formula：R, g, b represent the DN of the red image at image any point A (x, y) place, green and blue component respectively
Value；Gray represents that A (x, y) puts corresponding gray value.
The binaryzation formula that uses of conversion for：
Threshold=0.55*iHigh+0.45*iLow
In formula：IHigh and iLow represent the maximum and minimum value of the gray value in image respectively；Threshold is represented
The segmentation threshold of binaryzation.
The step (6) is handled the horizontal line found out section, rejects interference horizontal line section, forms effective horizontal line section group,
Specially：
(5.1) strigula is rejected, the strigula refers to the horizontal line section that pixel count is not more than 60；
(5.2) long horizontal line is removed, when sheet line directly intersects with square rid ruling, two straight lines can be considered as one straight
Line, when 2/3rds and the pixel count that the pixel coverage in straight line is less than map sheet are more than map sheet width, that is, thinks that this is straight
Line should be opened, and be disassembled by least square method；
(5.3) reject strigula and remove after long horizontal line, that is, form effective horizontal line section group.
The step (7) is fitted horizontal straight line according to effective horizontal line section group, is specially：By least square method to effective horizontal line
Duan Zuzhong horizontal line section is fitted, and obtains a plurality of horizontal straight line fitted.
Step (13) is corrected automatically according to same place to scanning topographic map, passes through multinomial bearing calibration or TPS
Bearing calibration is corrected to scanning topographic map.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) this method extracts the strong antijamming capability of sheet line and square rid ruling.By the step (6) in this method,
Effectively reject invalid short-term section, it is suppressed that invalid information；Long line segment is disassembled, effective information is highlighted；The straight line and figure fitted
Profile and square rid ruling are almost completely superposed.
(2) Marginal point and the position of square rid lattice point that this method is extracted are accurate.As it was previously stated, extracting accurately figure
After profile and square rid ruling, the Marginal point and square rid lattice point of sub- picture dot level can be obtained, and without error dot, full mistake
Journey, with little need for manual intervention, is that obstacle has been cleared away in full-automatic correction.
(3) parsing to map sheet number and the fitting of same place pair are passed through, it is possible to achieve full automatic scanning topographic map geometry
Correction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the inventive method flow chart.
Embodiment
The embodiment to the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The general principle of adjustment of image is to determine dominating pair of vertices information, and image is corrected using related algorithm.
The difficult point that automatically corrects of scanning topographic map is the interior Marginal point and square rid lattice point for how establishing image and its accordingly
Manage information.The technical principle of the present invention is the fact that be straight line using the neatline and square rid ruling of image head
First on the basis of Hough transform extracts straight line, by disassembling for the rejecting to short straight line and adhesion line, realize in image
The extraction of sheet line and square grid ruling, on the basis of lines detection, using the intersection point of straight line as datum mark, and utilizes figure
It is accurately positioned as matching method carries out point position, finally realizes the full-automatic correction of scanning topographic map.By to scanning topographic map
Correction actual measurement, this method can be accurately positioned interior Marginal point, the square rid lattice point of scanning topographic map, by spreading out with sheet designation etc.
Raw information is matched, and is automatically formed same place to information, can be met 1：The full-automatic correction of 50000 topographic maps.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map proposed by the present invention, step is as follows：
(1) sheet designation of scanning topographic map is obtained；
(2) sheet designation obtained according to step (1), calculates the actual geographic coordinate of Marginal point position, and calculation formula can be with
With reference to concerned countries standard；
(3) sheet designation obtained according to step (1), calculates the actual geographic coordinate of all square rid lattice points in map sheet,
Calculation formula may be referred to concerned countries standard；
(4) scanning topographic map is pre-processed；
The step (4) pre-processes to scanning topographic map, is specially：
(4.1) scanning topographic map is subjected to greyscale transformation；
Greyscale transformation formula is：
Gray=0.2999*r+0.587*g+0.114*b
In formula：R, g, b represent the DN of the red image at image any point A (x, y) place, green and blue component respectively
Value；Gray represents that A (x, y) puts corresponding gray value.
(4.2) image after greyscale transformation is subjected to binaryzation conversion.
The binaryzation formula that uses of conversion for：
Threshold=0.55*iHigh+0.45*iLow
In formula：IHigh and iLow represent the maximum and minimum value of the gray value in image respectively；Threshold is represented
The segmentation threshold of binaryzation, 0.55 and 0.45 two parameter therein is to be determined with reference to the article published.
(5) Hough transform is carried out to the image obtained after pretreatment, searches all horizontal lines section in scanning topographic map；
In image after binaryzation, straight line may be disjunct into multistage by having isolated due to scanning reason or paper reason
Line segment.In the present invention, it is believed that in connected point, more than 30 pixels link together, and are a line segment.By above
Hough transform, can find out all line segments in image.It should be noted that：Scan engineer's scale, map relationship, the image of topographic map
The border of the map elements such as internal train line and artificial Linear element can be also detected as straight line, and be directly affected
It is follow-up to calculate.
(6) horizontal line found out section is handled, rejects interference horizontal line section, form effective horizontal line section group；
Specially：
(6.1) strigula is rejected, the strigula refers to the horizontal line section that pixel coverage number is not more than 60；
(6.2) long horizontal line is removed, when sheet line directly intersects with square rid ruling, two straight lines can be considered as one straight
Line, when 2/3rds and the pixel count that the pixel coverage in straight line is less than map sheet are more than map sheet width, that is, thinks that this is straight
Line should be opened, and be disassembled by least square method；
(6.3) reject strigula and remove after long horizontal line, that is, form effective horizontal line section group.
(7) according to effective horizontal line section group fitting horizontal straight line；Pass through horizontal line section of the least square method to effective horizontal line Duan Zuzhong
It is fitted, obtains a plurality of horizontal straight line fitted.
(8) undesirable horizontal straight line is rejected；There are two classes to disturb straight line to reject：It is topographic map first scanned
Cheng Zhong, paper edge may also as image a part, computer easily goes out in identification process using it as Straight Line Identification
Come, such straight line should be deleted herein, delete the regular fairly simple of edge line, see the distance of its isolated edge whether at some
In threshold range；Next to that some Linear elements occurred in topographic map, such as railway line, the border in mankind's activity region
Line etc., the part possibly as interference straight line are present.The removal rule of this partial straight lines is primarily to see the position of its straight line
Whether close with the possible position of square rid ruling, method is to leave the straight line nearest with theoretical square rid ruling, other straight lines
It is identified as disturbing straight line.
(9) vertical curve is fitted to the method for (8) according to step (5)；
(10) intersecting calculating is carried out to the horizontal straight line and vertical curve that fit, obtains the plan of Marginal point and square rid lattice point
Close position；
(11) by above-mentioned matching position information and scanning topographic map contrast, form effective matching position point and rank table；Side
Method is to be directed to each theoretic matching position point, in the certain limit for taking out the corresponding scanning topographic map of these points
The image of (50pixel*50pixel), asks for the cross cursor position in these images, is actual characteristic point position.
(12) reality for the Marginal point position that the effective matching position point obtained according to step (11) ranks table, step (2) is obtained
The actual geographic coordinate for the square rid lattice point that border geographical coordinate and step (3) are obtained, matching obtains same place pair；
(13) scanning topographic map is corrected automatically according to same place.Point in extraction step (12) is formed to data
Quadratic polynomial fitting formula is corrected using TPS correcting algorithms to scanning topographic map, you can sweeping after being corrected
Retouch topographic map.
Part III：Embodiment：
With master drawing H-51-13- (63) example of National Foundation Geography Information Center's official website issue, the latitude and longitude coordinates of Marginal point
It is as shown in the table with the image coordinate corresponding relation tried to achieve by above-mentioned steps：
| Marginal point position | Longitude | Latitude | Image abscissa | Image ordinate |
| The mapborder upper left corner | 120.375 | 31.375 | 616.3481 | 628.2839 |
| The mapborder upper right corner | 120.4375 | 31.375 | 9932.1866 | 630.8311 |
| The mapborder lower left corner | 120.4375 | 31.33333333 | 9936.0340 | 7891.8705 |
| The mapborder lower right corner | 120.375 | 31.33333333 | 606.8572 | 7895.0337 |
By comparing, by the Marginal point precision of above-mentioned steps Auto-matching in a pixel, effect is quite preferable.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (7)
1. one kind scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
(1) sheet designation of scanning topographic map is obtained；
(2) sheet designation obtained according to step (1), calculates the actual geographic coordinate of Marginal point position；
(3) sheet designation obtained according to step (1), calculates the actual geographic coordinate of all square rid lattice points in map sheet；
(4) scanning topographic map is pre-processed；
(5) Hough transform is carried out to the image obtained after pretreatment, searches all horizontal lines section in scanning topographic map；
(6) horizontal line found out section is handled, rejects interference horizontal line section, form effective horizontal line section group；
(7) according to effective horizontal line section group fitting horizontal straight line；
(8) undesirable horizontal straight line is rejected；
(9) vertical curve is fitted to the method for (8) according to step (5)；
(10) the intersecting fitting position for calculating, obtaining Marginal point and square rid lattice point is carried out to the horizontal straight line and vertical curve that fit
Put；
(11) by above-mentioned matching position information and scanning topographic map contrast, form effective matching position point and rank table；
(12) the Marginal point position that the effective matching position point obtained according to step (11) ranks table, step (2) is obtained is practically
The actual geographic coordinate for the square rid lattice point that reason coordinate and step (3) are obtained, matching obtains same place pair；
(13) scanning topographic map is corrected automatically according to same place.
2. a kind of scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (4)
Scanning topographic map is pre-processed, is specially：
(2.1) scanning topographic map is subjected to greyscale transformation；
(2.2) image after greyscale transformation is subjected to binaryzation conversion.
3. a kind of scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Greyscale transformation formula
For：
Gray=0.2999*r+0.587*g+0.114*b
In formula：R, g, b represent the DN values of the red image at image any point A (x, y) place, green and blue component respectively；
Gray represents that A (x, y) puts corresponding gray value.
4. a kind of scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Binaryzation conversion is adopted
Formula is：
Threshold=0.55*iHigh+0.45*iLow
In formula：IHigh and iLow represent the maximum and minimum value of the gray value in image respectively；Threshold represents two-value
The segmentation threshold of change.
5. a kind of scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (6)
The horizontal line found out section is handled, interference horizontal line section is rejected, effective horizontal line section group is formed, is specially：
(5.1) strigula is rejected, the strigula refers to the horizontal line section that pixel count is not more than 60；
(5.2) long horizontal line is removed, when sheet line directly intersects with square rid ruling, two straight lines can be considered as straight line,
When 2/3rds and the pixel count that the pixel coverage in straight line is less than map sheet are more than map sheet width, that is, think that this straight line should
It is opened, is disassembled by least square method；
(5.3) reject strigula and remove after long horizontal line, that is, form effective horizontal line section group.
6. a kind of scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The step (7)
According to effective horizontal line section group fitting horizontal straight line, it is specially：Effective horizontal line Duan Zuzhong horizontal line section is carried out by least square method
Fitting, obtains a plurality of horizontal straight line fitted.
7. a kind of scanning full-automatic bearing calibration of topographic map according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (13) basis
Same place is corrected automatically to scanning topographic map, by multinomial bearing calibration or TPS bearing calibrations to scanning topographic map
It is corrected.
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