CN107192943A - Fault diagnosis method for switch in the GIS measured based on switching manipulation radiated electric field - Google Patents
Fault diagnosis method for switch in the GIS measured based on switching manipulation radiated electric field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于开关操作所产生VFTO辐射电场测量的GIS内开关故障诊断方法。包括如下步骤：(1)对GIS内的开关动作后所产生的超快速暂态过电压VFTO的辐射电场进行测量；(2)重复步骤(1)进行若干次开关动作后辐射电场测量，然后根据积累的测量数据总结得到该GIS处于正常状态下的开关动作标准辐射电场波形图；(3)对GIS进行状态监测，当某次对应的开关动作所产生的超快速暂态过电压VFTO的辐射电场脉冲波形相对与步骤(2)得到的标准辐射电场波形图出现差别时，则可判断此时GIS内该开关出现了绝缘故障。本发明方法测量所得电场脉冲经重复实验验证，具有高效性与准确性。
The invention relates to a GIS internal switch fault diagnosis method based on the measurement of the VFTO radiation electric field generated by the switch operation. It includes the following steps: (1) measure the radiated electric field of the ultra-fast transient overvoltage VFTO generated after the switching action in the GIS; (2) repeat the step (1) to measure the radiated electric field after several switching actions, and then according to The accumulated measurement data is summarized to obtain the standard radiated electric field waveform diagram of the switching action of the GIS in a normal state; (3) to monitor the state of the GIS, when a corresponding switching action generates an ultra-fast transient overvoltage VFTO radiation electric field When the pulse waveform is different from the standard radiation electric field waveform diagram obtained in step (2), it can be judged that the switch in the GIS has an insulation fault at this time. The electric field pulse measured by the method of the invention is verified by repeated experiments, and has high efficiency and accuracy.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于开关操作所产生VFTO辐射电场测量的GIS内开关故障诊断方法。The invention relates to a GIS internal switch fault diagnosis method based on the measurement of the VFTO radiation electric field generated by the switch operation.
背景技术Background technique
为了对GIS进行状态监测和故障诊断，现有电测法与非电测法两种监测类别，其中，电测法包含耦合电容法与超高频法；非电测法包括超声波监测法、化学检测法与光学监测法。In order to carry out condition monitoring and fault diagnosis on GIS, there are two types of monitoring methods: electrical measurement method and non-electrical measurement method. Among them, the electrical measurement method includes coupling capacitance method and ultra-high frequency method; Detection method and optical monitoring method.
耦合电容法在现场测试时无法识别与多种噪声混杂在一起的局放信号；超高频法所检测信号衰减过快，且对传感器要求很高，成本昂贵；超声波监测法的信号模式复杂，高频部分衰减很快，需要传感器较多；化学监测法极易受到GIS中吸附剂和干燥剂的影响，其灵敏度很差；光学监测法受GIS内壁光滑引起反射的影响灵敏度不高。综上所述，现有技术不能够完全适应GIS故障诊断和状态监测准确、高效、普适度高的技术要求。The coupling capacitance method cannot identify PD signals mixed with various noises during on-site testing; the signal detected by the ultra-high frequency method attenuates too fast, and has high requirements for sensors and is expensive; the signal mode of the ultrasonic monitoring method is complex, The high-frequency part attenuates quickly and requires more sensors; the chemical monitoring method is easily affected by the adsorbent and desiccant in the GIS, and its sensitivity is very poor; the optical monitoring method is not sensitive to the reflection caused by the smooth inner wall of the GIS. To sum up, the existing technology cannot fully meet the technical requirements of GIS fault diagnosis and condition monitoring, which are accurate, efficient, and widely applicable.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种具有高效性与高准确性的基于开关操作辐射电场测量的GIS内开关故障诊断方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency and high-accuracy switch fault diagnosis method in GIS based on switch operation radiation electric field measurement.
此处内容与权利要求书相同，暂略。The contents here are the same as those in the claims and are omitted here.
经过试用证明，本发明方法测量所得电场脉冲经重复实验验证，具有高效性与准确性。能够与开关的动作机理完美契合，每一个电场脉冲的产生原因均能得到合理解释。当GIS处于正常状态时，所测得的标准辐射电场波形包含脉冲个数明确，且这几个脉冲特征明显，伴随每次实验具有完美的重复性，而当开关内出现绝缘故障，所测得电场脉冲波形包含的脉冲数目随着绝缘故障的严重性逐渐增多，且脉冲最高幅值明显变大。It has been proved by probation that the electric field pulse measured by the method of the present invention has high efficiency and accuracy through repeated experiment verification. It can be perfectly matched with the action mechanism of the switch, and the reason for each electric field pulse can be reasonably explained. When the GIS is in a normal state, the measured standard radiation electric field waveform contains a clear number of pulses, and these pulses have obvious characteristics, and each experiment has perfect repeatability. When an insulation fault occurs in the switch, the measured The number of pulses contained in the electric field pulse waveform gradually increases with the severity of the insulation fault, and the highest pulse amplitude becomes significantly larger.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为220kV GIS正常状态下CB闭合所测标准辐射电场波形；Accompanying drawing 1 is the standard radiation electric field waveform measured by CB closure under the normal state of 220kV GIS;
附图2为220kV GIS内CB开始出现绝缘故障时CB闭合所测辐射电场波形；Accompanying drawing 2 is the waveform of the radiated electric field measured when the CB in the 220kV GIS starts to have an insulation fault when the CB is closed;
附图3为220kV GIS内CB出现严重绝缘故障时CB闭合所测辐射电场波形。Accompanying drawing 3 is the waveform of the radiated electric field measured when the CB in the 220kV GIS has a severe insulation fault when the CB is closed.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明方法涉及气体绝缘变电站(Gas Insulated Substation,GIS)的故障诊断领域，涉及一种通过测量GIS内断路器(Circuit Breaker,CB)或者隔离开关(Disconnecting Switch,DS)动作所产生超快速暂态过电压(Very Fast TransientOvervoltage,VFTO)的辐射电场脉冲信号，来对GIS内开关进行故障诊断的方法。The method of the invention relates to the field of fault diagnosis of a gas insulated substation (Gas Insulated Substation, GIS), and relates to an ultra-fast transient state generated by measuring the action of a circuit breaker (Circuit Breaker, CB) or a disconnecting switch (Disconnecting Switch, DS) in the GIS. Overvoltage (Very Fast TransientOvervoltage, VFTO) radiation electric field pulse signal is used to diagnose the fault of the switch in the GIS.
本发明方法旨在解决现有GIS状态监测和故障诊断手段效率低、准确度不高、普适度底的问题，提供一种非物理接触测量开关动作所产生VFTO的辐射电场，并基于此辐射电场信号实现对GIS的状态监测和内部开关的故障诊断。The method of the present invention aims to solve the problems of low efficiency, low accuracy, and low universality of the existing GIS state monitoring and fault diagnosis means, and provides a non-physical contact measurement of the radiation electric field of VFTO generated by the switching action, and based on this radiation electric field The signal realizes the status monitoring of the GIS and the fault diagnosis of the internal switch.
本发明方法基于电小天线和光纤传输技术，制造电场脉冲测量系统，可以避免电磁干扰，远距离传输脉冲信号。利用此测量系统，测量GIS正常状态下开关动作所产生VFTO的辐射电场脉冲波形，分析此波形特征并将其作为标准波形；当GIS内出现局部放电现象时，测量其相应开关动作所产生VFTO的辐射电场脉冲，则此脉冲波形与标准波形明显不同，因此达到故障诊断的目的，实现对GIS的状态监测。The method of the invention is based on the electric small antenna and optical fiber transmission technology to manufacture an electric field pulse measurement system, which can avoid electromagnetic interference and transmit pulse signals in a long distance. Use this measurement system to measure the radiated electric field pulse waveform of VFTO generated by the switching action of the GIS under normal conditions, analyze the characteristics of this waveform and use it as a standard waveform; when partial discharge occurs in the GIS, measure the VFTO generated by the corresponding switching action Radiation electric field pulse, the pulse waveform is obviously different from the standard waveform, so it can achieve the purpose of fault diagnosis and realize the status monitoring of GIS.
实施例1：Example 1:
以220kV GIS内CB闭合操作所测得辐射电场信号为例，由图1、图2以及图3的对比可知，P1-P4这4个电场脉冲的波形特征及出现时刻随着每次测量的进行均几乎没有任何变化；可见，P1-P4这4个电场脉冲是与断路器本身初始的运行状态直接相关的，被视作GIS正常状态下的典型标准电场脉冲，其特征如表1所示。然而，随着CB内分级电容绝缘故障的恶化，CB闭合操作所产生VFTO的电场波形中脉冲个数逐渐增多：如图2当绝缘故障刚开始出现时相比图1的标准电场波形多出了脉冲P5，而如图3出现严重绝缘故障时，不仅电场脉冲的个数上升为8，并且脉冲最大幅值达到了1.46kV/m。因此可以认为，随着CB里面的绝缘故障愈加严重，GIS因CB闭合操作所产生VFTO的辐射电场脉冲个数不断增加。Taking the radiated electric field signal measured by the closed operation of CB in 220kV GIS as an example, from the comparison of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, it can be seen that the waveform characteristics and appearance time of the four electric field pulses P 1 -P 4 vary with each measurement There is almost no change; it can be seen that the four electric field pulses P 1 -P 4 are directly related to the initial operating state of the circuit breaker itself, and are regarded as typical standard electric field pulses in the normal state of GIS, and their characteristics are shown in the table 1. However, with the deterioration of the insulation fault of the classification capacitor in the CB, the number of pulses in the electric field waveform of the VFTO generated by the closing operation of the CB gradually increases: as shown in Figure 2, when the insulation fault first appears, there are more pulses than the standard electric field waveform in Figure 1 Pulse P 5 , and as shown in Figure 3, when a serious insulation fault occurs, not only the number of electric field pulses rises to 8, but also the maximum pulse amplitude reaches 1.46kV/m. Therefore, it can be considered that as the insulation fault inside the CB becomes more serious, the number of radiated electric field pulses of the VFTO generated by the closing operation of the CB in the GIS increases continuously.
表1针对实验用GIS所测标准电磁脉冲的详细特征：Table 1 is aimed at the detailed characteristics of the standard electromagnetic pulse measured by the GIS used in the experiment:
本发明方法是基于电小天线和光纤传输技术，制造了瞬态电场脉冲的测量系统。此测量系统包括三部分：电场探头，光纤与信号接收机。在场测量实验中，电场探头在被测CB附近放置，并且通过光纤与放置在屏蔽室中的光信号接收机相连；此接收机输出的电信号最终被传送到示波器中。本测量系统响应频带较宽，覆盖10kHz-400MHz。通过调节电小天线的长度，它的测量范围可以自100V/m变化到50kV/m。因为此测量系统与GIS没有物理上的直接连接，因此两者之间不会存在干扰；另外，因为电场探头被很好地屏蔽，信号传输也是通过光纤进行，所以此系统也不会受到环境电磁干扰的影响。除此之外，这个测量系统还有方便携带和安装简易的优点。The method of the invention is based on the electric small antenna and the optical fiber transmission technology, and the measurement system of the transient electric field pulse is manufactured. The measurement system consists of three parts: electric field probe, optical fiber and signal receiver. In the field measurement experiment, the electric field probe is placed near the measured CB, and is connected to the optical signal receiver placed in the shielded room through an optical fiber; the electrical signal output by the receiver is finally transmitted to the oscilloscope. The measurement system has a wide response frequency band, covering 10kHz-400MHz. By adjusting the length of the electrically small antenna, its measurement range can be changed from 100V/m to 50kV/m. Because there is no physical direct connection between the measurement system and GIS, there will be no interference between the two; in addition, because the electric field probe is well shielded, and the signal transmission is also carried out through optical fibers, the system will not be affected by environmental electromagnetic waves. The impact of interference. In addition, this measurement system has the advantages of portability and easy installation.
利用此测量系统,对GIS内部开关进行绝缘故障诊断的具体步骤如下：Using this measurement system, the specific steps for diagnosing insulation faults of GIS internal switches are as follows:
(1)对某电压等级(适用于所有电压等级，因为此故障诊断方法并不受电压等级的限制)的GIS内的开关(隔离开关(Disconnecting Switch,DS)或者断路器(CircuitBreaker,CB))动作(闭合或者断开)后所产生VFTO的辐射电场进行测量；(1) For a switch (disconnecting switch (Disconnecting Switch, DS) or circuit breaker (Circuit Breaker, CB)) in a GIS of a certain voltage level (applicable to all voltage levels, because this fault diagnosis method is not limited by the voltage level) Measure the radiated electric field of the VFTO generated after the action (closed or disconnected);
(2)鉴于GIS内开关的使用寿命，进行开关操作辐射电场测量的实验次数不应超过20次；在此基础上，积累实验测量数据，总结得到该GIS处于正常状态下的开关动作标准辐射电场波形图；(2) In view of the service life of the switch in the GIS, the number of experiments to measure the radiated electric field of the switch operation should not exceed 20 times; on this basis, the experimental measurement data is accumulated, and the standard radiated electric field of the switch operation of the GIS in a normal state is summarized Waveform diagram;
(3)对GIS进行状态监测，当某次对应的开关动作所产生VFTO的辐射电场脉冲波形相对标准辐射电场波形图出现差别时，则可判断此时GIS内部出现了绝缘故障。(3) Carry out state monitoring on GIS. When the radiation electric field pulse waveform of VFTO generated by a corresponding switching action is different from the standard radiation electric field waveform diagram, it can be judged that an insulation fault has occurred inside the GIS at this time.
步骤(3)中出现差别是指脉冲个数的增多以及脉冲幅值的增加(对于完全相同的测量设备与测量距离，处于正常状态下的GIS的某个开关操作所产生的VFTO的辐射电场脉冲的个数以及最大脉冲幅值具有重复性，因此，只要出现所测开关操作所产生VFTO的辐射电场的脉冲个数增加以及脉冲幅值增大的情况，则说明GIS内部出现了绝缘故障。但是，脉冲个数具体增加的数目以及脉冲幅值增加的幅度，则跟绝缘故障的严重状态直接相关，前后已经有详细的说明；并且GIS在绝缘故障下其开关操作辐射电场脉冲个数具体增加的数目以及脉冲幅值增加的幅度对于不同的GIS具有不同的表现特点，在研究不同的GIS时有不同的量化标准，需要区别对待。The difference in step (3) refers to the increase in the number of pulses and the increase in pulse amplitude (for the same measuring equipment and measuring distance, the radiation electric field pulse of VFTO generated by a switch operation of GIS in a normal state The number and the maximum pulse amplitude are repeatable, so as long as the number of pulses and the pulse amplitude of the radiated electric field of the VFTO generated by the measured switching operation increase, it indicates that an insulation fault has occurred inside the GIS. But , the specific increase in the number of pulses and the increase in the pulse amplitude are directly related to the serious state of the insulation fault, which has been explained in detail before and after; and the specific increase in the number of radiated electric field pulses in the switching operation of GIS under the insulation fault The number and the amplitude of pulse amplitude increase have different performance characteristics for different GIS, and there are different quantification standards when studying different GIS, so they need to be treated differently.
而本专利重点阐述的是基于GIS开关操作所产生VFTO辐射电场测量对GIS内的绝缘故障进行诊断的思想与方法，这种思路与方法对所有的GIS具有普适性。This patent focuses on the idea and method of diagnosing insulation faults in the GIS based on the measurement of the VFTO radiation electric field generated by the GIS switch operation. This idea and method are universal to all GIS.
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| CN107576907A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-01-12 | 国家电网公司 | Fault diagnosis method for switch based on the extraction of radiated electric field characteristic energy |
| CN108535618A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-09-14 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of GIS method for detecting insulation defect |
| CN109916612A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-21 | 国网宁夏电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A live detection system for GIS mechanical faults based on acoustic imaging |
| CN111812572A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-23 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | An external VFTO measurement and calibration system |
| CN111830311A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-27 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | An external non-contact VFTO signal measuring device |
| CN114720863A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-07-08 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司超高压分公司 | On-line monitoring system and method of open circuit breaker using electric field strength |
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