CN107188904A - The preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid - Google Patents

The preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107188904A
CN107188904A CN201710520873.9A CN201710520873A CN107188904A CN 107188904 A CN107188904 A CN 107188904A CN 201710520873 A CN201710520873 A CN 201710520873A CN 107188904 A CN107188904 A CN 107188904A
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China
Prior art keywords
monoalkyl
hypophosphorous acid
preparation
reaction
phosphatization
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CN201710520873.9A
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Inventor
张栓明
诺伯特·韦福林
周中凯
王瑞敏
王康
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Nanjing Weifu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
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Nanjing Hongfu High-End Phosphine Technology Research Center Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/30Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid, by dimethylsulfoxide oxidation monoalkyl phosphatization halogen acid salt solution, the wherein mol ratio of monoalkyl phosphatization halogen acid salt solution and dimethyl sulfoxide is 1: 2 or 1: 2.1, and reaction temperature is between 50 DEG C to 20 DEG C.The molecular formula of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid is RP (H) OOH, and wherein R is straight chain, branch chain type alkyl group of the carbon number between 1 to 6.The preparation method for the monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid that the present invention is provided, reaction yield is more than 80%, reaction, which terminates rear water and hydrogen halides, can easily pass through decompression and steam, it can be reclaimed afterwards by sodium hydroxide solution, although the main contents of the present invention are not intended as, therefore method described in the invention is safe and environment-friendly and economical.

Description

The preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for producing organic phosphoric compound, more particularly to a kind of preparation side of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid Method, realizes that reaction is safely controllable.
Background technology
The monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid of trivalent can be considered as a hydrogen atom being connected in hypophosphorous acid with phosphorus by alkyl-substituted production There is its corresponding interconvertible isomeric form in thing, such compound, shown in formula I:
Such compound can be esterified as corresponding monoesters easily, and its hydrogen being connected with phosphorus can be by further converting To dialkyl group substitutive derivative, such as free radical addition with different alkene or Michael additions, such as Formula II, formula III and formula IV It is shown
R-P (H) (=O) OH+R1OH → R-P (H) (=O) OR1+H2O Formula II
R-P (H) (=O) OR1+R2 2C=CHR3→R-P[C(CHR2 2)HR3] (=O) OR1Formula III
R-PH (=O) OR1+R4CH=CHC (=O) R5+Base→R-[CHR4{CH2C (=O) R5] (=O) OR1Formula IV
Mono-substituted methyl hypophosphorous acid and corresponding ester are the important intermediates for synthesizing organophosphorus chemistry product, are worth mentioning Have the cremart produced by Bayer companies and Clariant companies production MEPAL (methyl hypophosphorous acid aluminium salt) product (US3914345A)。
It is the well-known method of comparison from oxidized phosphine oxide, hypophosphorous acid and the phosphonic acids compounds of preparing of primary phosphine.By Generally all it is very sensitive to oxide in primary phosphine, or even some primary phosphine oxides are all unstable in atmosphere, so such as Fruit expects the reply of hypophosphorous acid or phosphate compound with regard to necessary extreme care.Because such oxidation reaction would generally be a large amount of Heat release, it is sometimes even dangerous almost uncontrollable, therefore the selection of oxidant is very crucial.
The primary aerial oxidation of phosphine can obtain the mixture of phosphonic acids and phosphoric acid, also have a small amount of hypophosphorous acid, product Species (US2584112 unrelated with the concentration of oxygen;J.Chem.Soc., 58,766,1890).Only can in considerably less report With see primary phosphine can by oxygen selectivity be oxidized to oxide or hypophosphorous acid (Z.Naturforsch.49b, 1511-1524, 1994).Furthermore, gaseous primary phosphine compound is mutually met and get along well spontaneous combustion at once and uncontrollable (Organic in air or oxygen Phosphorous Compounds, Vol 1, p95;Phosphorus compounds, Organic, Ullmann ' s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2000, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KgaA).
Found in the report of the past few decades, for the normal quilt of hydrogen peroxide especially its aqueous solution in primary phosphine oxidation reaction As suitable oxidant to synthesize mono-substituted alkyl hypophosphorous acid (Eur.J.Med.Chem., 45,2010,849; J.Med.Chem.2006,49,7799-7806;Carbohydrate Research, 194,1989,209-221; J.Org.Chem.1985,50,3516-3521;US8884011).Nevertheless, for the primary of short chain (1 to 4 carbon atoms) Phosphine, never finds that related report confirms to obtain selective monosubstituted hypophosphorous acid;It is due to that the middle of reaction is produced with regard to its reason The primary phosphine oxide of thing is sensitive and unstable, easily occurs the disproportionation such as Formula V and meeting is highly exothermic so that being difficult to control to.
R-PH2+H2O2→ [R-P (=O) H2]→R-PH2+ R-P (H) (=O) OH → R-P (=O) (OH)2+ R-P (H) (= O)OH
Formula V
Therefore being highly desirable to one new technique of searching can allow primary phosphine be converted into corresponding monosubstituted hypophosphorous acid, Safety can be ensured and accessory substance phosphonic acids caused by peroxidating or disproportionation is avoided as far as possible.Dimethyl sulfoxide is as good Solvent and reactant are by extensive research (Techinical Bulletin Reaction Solvent Dimethyl sulfoxide)。
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the shortcoming for overcoming prior art to exist, and the present invention provides a kind of preparation of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid Method, realization safely prepares monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid, and yield is more than 80%.
As the chemicals of highly dangerous, primary phosphine compound is extremely sensitive for oxidant.Carbon number is within 8 It is spontaneous combustion that primary phosphine, which meets air,.Such compound (ppb grades) in the case that concentration is extremely low can all have strong smell, and All it is poisonous, especially alkyl chain shorter (Organic Phosphorous Compounds, Vol 1, p106).We Also recall that primary phosphine compound can be considered weak base, and can be formed accordingly with non-oxidizing inorganic acid reaction easily Salt compounds are (such as:PKa value of the normal-butyl phosphine in water be -0.03, and n-octyl for 0.43).These salt compounds are general It is all relatively stable, soluble in water and insipidness, therefore be highly convenient for using and operate.Such acid without oxidisability has iodate The concentrated solution of hydrogen, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen chloride, usually gas or water.
Primary phosphine halogenation hydrogen compound can be easily oxidized, and this process can accomplish safely controllable, obtain corresponding Monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid.Because 35%~37% concentrated hydrochloric acid is cheap, so by the first choice as us.We use city The dimethyl sulfoxide sold, typical temperature is controlled between -30 DEG C to 0 DEG C.The primary phosphine chlorination hydrogen compound used in reaction can pass through Concentrated hydrochloric acid is obtained with corresponding primary phosphine reaction.
In the present invention molecular formula of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid be RP (H) OOH, wherein R be carbon number between 1 to 6 straight chain Or branched alkyl group, i.e. CnH2n+1, wherein n is 1,2,3,4,5 and 6, such as:Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2- propyl group, normal-butyl, Isobutyl group, the tert-butyl group, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl and hexyl etc..
The mol ratio of monoalkyl phosphatization halogen acid salt solution and dimethyl sulfoxide is stoichiometric proportion in the present invention, somewhat excessively Dimethyl sulfoxide can receive, generally excessive 1% is relatively adapted to.
Protected in reaction using nitrogen.Temperature range in -50 DEG C to 20 DEG C, especially -20 DEG C between 0 DEG C, to ensure Reaction can successfully carry out and avoid the generation of peroxidating as far as possible.Limit can reach reaction in a low temperature of being used in reaction The crystallization temperature of thing or product.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid, passes through dimethylsulfoxide oxidation monoalkyl phosphatization halogen acids Salting liquid, wherein monoalkyl phosphatization halogen acid salt solution and DMSO mol ratio are 1: 2 or 1: 2.1, and reaction temperature is between -50 DEG C To 20 DEG C, reaction yield is more than 80%, especially 90%, even close to 100%.
The present invention provides the preparation method of another monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid, passes through dimethylsulfoxide oxidation monoalkyl phosphatization hydrogen salt Acid salt solution, wherein monoalkyl phosphine hydrochloride solution and DMSO mol ratio are 1: 2 or 1: 2.1, and reaction temperature is between -20 DEG C to 0 DEG C, reaction yield is more than 80%, especially 90%, even close to 100%.
Reaction equation is as shown in Formula IV:
Reaction, which terminates rear water and hydrogen halides, can easily pass through decompression and steam, and can be returned afterwards by sodium hydroxide solution Receive, although the main contents of the present invention are not intended as, therefore method described in the invention is safe and environment-friendly and economical.
Embodiment
Technical scheme described in detail below.The embodiment of the present invention be merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and It is unrestricted, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, The technical scheme of invention can be modified or equivalent substitution, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, It all should cover in scope of the presently claimed invention.
The synthesis of the methyl hypophosphorous acid of embodiment 1
The phosphine hydrochloride of methyl containing 21.2g is added into the three-necked flask equipped with two liters of mechanical agitation and dropping funel The aqueous solution of (0.44mol), and 69 grams of dimethyl sulfoxides (0.89mol) of addition in dropping funel.Flask is placed into a setting temperature Spend in the cooling bath for 0 DEG C to -20 DEG C.Dimethyl sulfoxide made flask interior temperature under agitation through 2 hours after completion of dropping Rise to 50 DEG C.It is removed under reduced pressure after volatile matter and obtains 36.1 grams of colourless liquids, yield is close to 100%.
Nuclear magnetic data:31P{1H}NMR(CDCl3):32.35ppm(s);31P NMR(CDCl3):32.35ppm (dd,1JH, P= 557Hz,3JH, P=15Hz).
Total phosphorus content:36.7%, theoretical phosphorus amount:38.75%.
The synthesis of the isobutyl group hypophosphorous acid of embodiment 2
The phosphatization hydrogen salt of isobutyl group containing 568.7g is added into the three-necked flask equipped with two liters of mechanical agitation and dropping funel The aqueous solution of hydrochlorate (1.05mol), and 170 grams of dimethyl sulfoxides (2.18mol) of addition in dropping funel.Flask is placed into one and set Put in the cooling bath that temperature is 0 DEG C to -20 DEG C.Dimethyl sulfoxide made flask interior temperature reach room temperature through 6 hours after completion of dropping, And continue stirring 8 hours.It is removed under reduced pressure after volatile matter and obtains 134.4 grams of colourless liquids, yield is close to 100%.
Nuclear magnetic data:31P{1H}NMR(CDCl3):δ=36.86ppm (s);31P NMR(CDCl3):δ=36.86ppm (dm,1JH, P=546Hz).

Claims (6)

1. a kind of preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid, it is characterised in that pass through dimethylsulfoxide oxidation monoalkyl phosphatization halogen acid salt Solution, the wherein mol ratio of monoalkyl phosphatization halogen acid salt solution and hydrogen peroxide are 1: 2 or 1: 2.1, and reaction temperature is between -50 DEG C to 20 DEG C, reaction yield is more than 80%.
The molecular formula of described monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid be RP (H) OOH, wherein R be carbon number between 1 to 6 straight or branched Type alkyl group.
2. the preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is hydrogen chloride to use halogen acids.
3. the preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be using commercially available concentration 35%~37% hydrochloride aqueous solution.
4. the preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature range is at -20 DEG C To between 0 DEG C.
5. the preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the yield is more than 90%.
6. the preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the yield is close to 100%.
CN201710520873.9A 2017-06-29 2017-06-29 The preparation method of monoalkyl hypophosphorous acid Pending CN107188904A (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4839105A (en) * 1984-01-21 1989-06-13 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of alkanephosphonous acids

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4839105A (en) * 1984-01-21 1989-06-13 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of alkanephosphonous acids

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
尹志刚 主编: "《有机磷化合物》", 31 March 2011 *
陈金龙 主编: "《精细有机合成原理与工艺》", 30 April 1992 *

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