CN107188811A - 一种还原硫代酰胺类化合物的方法 - Google Patents
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- C07C209/68—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton from amines, by reactions not involving amino groups, e.g. reduction of unsaturated amines, aromatisation, or substitution of the carbon skeleton
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种还原硫代酰胺类化合的方法,在80℃以及氮气保护条件下,以硫代酰胺为底物,加入自由基引发剂二叔丁氧基叠氮(TBHN),4‑二甲氨基吡啶硼烷络合物(DMAP‑BH3),以及催化量的苯硫酚,在乙腈中搅拌适当时间即可得到相应的胺。用三乙基硼/氧气做引发剂,25℃条件下,也能实现相同的转化。该反应具有无毒,反应条件温和,操作方便,官能团容忍性好,反应时间短,反应效率高等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机化合物工艺合成及应用技术领域,是关于还原硫代酰胺的新方法。
背景技术
硫代酰胺的还原是重要的有机反应之一,还原硫代酰胺的方法也有一些文献报导,但是这些方法仍有很多缺点。用锌和盐酸还原硫代酰胺是较早报导的方法之一(Chemische Berichte.1878,11,1757.),但显然该方法条件比较苛刻,官能团容忍性也不好。使用兰尼镍还原是较常应用的方法之一(Synthesis.1996,12,1485.),但其在空气中易着火,使用很不方便,而且后处理麻烦。先甲基化,转化为亚胺中间体,再用硼氢化钠还原是又一种还原硫代酰胺的方法(J.Org.Chem.1981,46,3730.),但该反应操作较繁琐,且甲基化试剂一般毒性较大。近年来也有一些较新的方法被报导,例如过渡金属催化的硫代酰胺的还原(Organometallics.2011,30,6506),但过渡金属一般价格较为昂贵,且来源不够广泛。因此,寻求一种绿色高效的还原硫代酰胺的方法仍是一个噬待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
如前所述,虽然还原硫代酰胺的方法较多,但每种方法都有其局限性,本发明的目的是提供一种新的还原硫代酰胺的方法,即以廉价易得的4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷络合物(DMAP-BH3),通过自由基反应还原各种类型硫代酰胺得到相应的胺。该反应无毒,反应条件温和,操作方便,官能团容忍性好,反应时间短,反应效率高。
本发明提出了一种还原硫代酰胺的新的方法,以4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷络合物(DMAP-BH3)为氢原子供体,用二叔丁氧基叠氮(TBHN)为自由基引发剂,苯硫酚为催化剂,乙腈做溶剂,80℃条件还原硫代酰胺,或是用三乙基硼/氧气作为引发剂,25℃反应,其它条件不变,还原硫代酰胺得到相应的胺类化合物。反应具有如下反应通式:
在上述反应方程式中,R1可以为烷基或芳基,R2可以为烷基或苯环或杂芳环。
本发明中,硫代酰胺的制备有多种方法,可以用相应的酰胺与劳氏试剂或P2S5在甲苯或四氢呋喃中回流,也可以用相应的格式试剂与异硫氰苯酯缩合,亦可用其他方法合成,具体选择可由产物性质,分离难易等因素决定。
本发明中,当用二叔丁氧基叠氮(TBHN)做引发剂时,反应温度在60-100℃之间,优选地,在80℃条件下进行。当用三乙基硼/氧气做引发剂时,反应温度在0-40℃之间,优选地,在25℃条件下进行。
本发明中,所用溶剂可以为苯,甲苯,乙腈等,优选乙腈作为溶剂。
本发明中,硫代酰胺与4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷,二叔丁氧基叠氮,苯硫酚的用量摩尔比可以为1∶1~2∶0.1~0.5∶0.1~0.5,优选摩尔比为1∶1∶0.5∶0.1.
本发明中,催化剂可以用苯硫酚,间氟苯硫酚,十八硫醇,叔十二硫醇,优选苯硫酚为催化剂。
本发明中,三乙基硼可选用四氢呋喃溶液或己烷溶液,优选用己烷溶液。
实现本发明方法的具体制备过程可以描述如下:
a)自由基引发剂为二叔丁氧基叠氮(TBHN)
在25mL Schlenk管中,氮气氛围下,加入0.3mmol硫代酰胺,再加入1.0当量4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷,0.2当量二叔丁氧基叠氮(TBHN),3mL乙腈,最后用微量进样器加入0.1当量苯硫酚,将反应体系置于80℃油浴中搅拌,当TLC显示原料已经消耗完时,停止加热,冷却至室温,直接旋转蒸发除去溶剂,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,过硅胶柱分离,即可制得相应的胺类产物。
b)自由基引发剂为三乙基硼/氧气
在25mL Schlenk管中,空气条件下,加入0.3mmol硫代酰胺,再加入1.0当量4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷,3mL乙腈,然后用微量进样器加入0.1当量苯硫酚,并将一根长针头插在液面以下,将反应体系置于25℃油浴中搅拌,最后用微量进样器加入0.5当量的三乙基硼己烷溶液。当TLC显示原料已经消耗完时,停止加热,冷却至室温,直接旋转蒸发除去溶剂,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂,过硅胶柱分离,即可制得相应的胺类产物。
与已有还原方法相比,本发明具有如下的优点:
1.反应条件温和
2.反应操作简单
3.绿色无毒
4.官能团容忍性好
5.反应时间短,效率高。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施实例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例1:
在25mL Schlenk管中,氮气氛围下,加入0.3mmol硫代酰胺,再加入1.0当量4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷,0.2当量二叔丁氧基叠氮(TBHN),3mL乙腈,最后用微量进样器加入0.1当量苯硫酚,将反应体系置于80℃油浴中搅拌,15min后,反应完全,停止加热,冷却至室温,直接旋转蒸发除去溶剂,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=50∶1),过硅胶柱分离,制得相应胺47.1mg.
产物收率97%,无色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):7.16(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.68(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.60(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),3.36(brs,1H),3.09(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.61-1.63(m,2H),1.38-1.39(m,4H),0.92(t,J=6.7Hz,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):148.5,129.2,117.1,112.7,43.9,29.3,29.2,22.5,14.0.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcdfor C11H18N(M+H)+:164.1439,found:164.1441.
实施例2
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=50∶1),产物收率87%,无色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):6.97(d,J=8.2Hz,2H)6.51(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.38(brs,1H),3.05(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.22(s,1H),1.56-1.59(m,2H),1.34-1.36(m,4H),0.91((t,J=6.8Hz,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):146.38,129.76,126.28,112.95,44.41,29.44,29.39,22.61,20.43,14.13.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd forC12H20N(M+H)+:178.1596,found:178.1597.
实施例3
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=50∶1),产物收率83%,无色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):6.77(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.57(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.74(s,1H),3.22(brs,1H),3.05(t,J=7.Hz 1,2H),1.55-1.60(m,2H),1.32-1.38(m,4H),0.91(t,J=6.8Hz,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):151.95,142.89,114.90,114.03,55.84,45.02,29.40,22.56,14.07.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C12H20NO(M+H)+:194.1545,found:1944.1543.
实施例4
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=100∶1),产物收率85%,无色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):7.21(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.43(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),3.60(brs,1H),3.02(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.48-1.51(m,2H),1.25-1.27(m,4H),0.90(t,J=6.6Hz,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):147.52,131.88,114.22,108.48,43.99,29.33,29.12,22.54,14.09.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C11H17NBr(M+H)+:242.0544,found:242.0547.
实施例5
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=30∶1),产物收率90%,棕色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):7.20(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.92(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.74-6.77(m,2H),3.87(brs,1H),3.08(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.60-1.64(m,2H),1.36-1.37(m,4H),0.92(t,J=6.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):148.65,129.83,120.30,119.62,117.09,114.62,112.84,43.57,29.22,28.89,22.45,14.02.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C12H17N2(M+H)+:189.1392,found:189.1396.
实施例6
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=10∶1),产物收率83%,黄色固体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):8.08(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),6.51(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),4.51(brs,1H),3.17-3.22(m,2H),1.62-1.67(m,2H),1.37-1.40(m,4H),0.93(t,J=6.8Hz,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):153.47,137.74,126.47,110.88,43.40,29.12,28.81,22.39,13.97.
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=10∶1),产物收率83%,无色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):6.99(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.17-6.22(m,2H),6.09(s,1H),3.54(brs,1H),3.05(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.56-1.61(m,2H),1.35-1.39(m,4H),0.97(s,9H),0.91(t,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.18(s,6H)13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):156.77,149.93,129.73,108.96,106.37,104.50,44.02,29.37,29.29,27.78,25.76,22.55,18.23,14.07,4.32.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C17H32NOSi(M+H)+:294.2253,found:294.2257.
实施例8
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=30∶1),产物收率88%,棕色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):6.64(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.22(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),6.02(dd,J=8.2,1.4Hz,1H),5.82(s,2H),3.36(brs,1H),1.54-1.59(m,2H),1.33-1.35(m,4H),0.90(t,J=6.6Hz,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):148.33,144.43,139.36,108.63,104.24,100.50,95.82,45.00,29.37,29.29,22.55,14.07.HRMS(ESI):m/zcalcd for C12H18NO2(M+H)+:208.1338,found:208.1339.
实施例9
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=50∶1),产物收率88%,棕色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):7.09(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.70(s,1H),6.57-6.82(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.65(brs,1H),3.07(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.00(s,1H),1.56-1.61(m,2H),1.34-1.40(m,4H),0.91(t,J=6.3Hz,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):148.28,129.13,122.63,120.97,115.62,113.70,84.38,43.82,29.30,29.14,22.50,14.06.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C13H18N(M+H)+:188.1439,found:188.1442.
实施例10
在25mL Schlenk管中,空气条件下,加入0.3mmol硫代酰胺,再加入1.0当量4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷,3mL乙腈,然后用微量进样器加入0.1当量苯硫酚,并将一根长针头插在液面以下,将反应体系置于25℃油浴中搅拌,最后用微量进样器加入0.5当量的三乙基硼己烷溶液。当TLC显示原料已经消耗完时,停止加热,冷却至室温,直接旋转蒸发除去溶剂,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(PE+5%NEt3),过硅胶柱分离,即可制得相应的胺类产物。
产物收率98%,棕色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):7.25-7.33(m,4H),7.13-7.19(m,3H),6.68(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.57(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),6.39(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),6.16-6.24(m,1H),3.57(brs,1H),3.13(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.31-2.26(m,2H),1.78-1.71(m,2H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):148.46,137.70,130.60,130.02,129.36,128.65,127.12,126.09,117.29,112.85,43.53,30.69,29.22HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C17H20N(M+H)+:238.1596,found:238.1595.
实施例11
实验操作与实施例10类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=20∶1+2%NEt3),产物收率88%,黄色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):7.17(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),6.71(t,J=4.8Hz,1H),6.61(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),4.12-4.17(m,2H),4.03(brs,1H),3.44(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.59(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),1.25(t,J=7.1Hz,2H)。13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):172.45,147.64,129.34,117.70,113.05,60.66,39.43,33.94,14.23.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C11H16NO2(M+H)+:194.1181,found:238.194.1181.
实施例12
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=50∶1),产物收率94%,白色固体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):7.11(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.62(brs,1H),3.24(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),1.62-1.69(m,2H),1.25-1.37(m,4H),0.91(t,J=6.6Hz,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):170.8525,139.0404,106.0512,46.2503,29.0585,29.0092,22.3584,13.9807.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C8H5N2S(M+H)+:191.0956,found:238.191.0957.
实施例13
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=50∶1),产物收率86%,无色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):7.32-7.38(m,4H),7,24-7.28(m,1H),7.17(t,J =7.7Hz,2H),6.71(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),4.32(s,2H),4.06(brs,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):148.15,139.43,129.26,128.63,127.51,127.23,117.57,112.82,48.33.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C13H14N(M+H)+:184.1126found:184.1124.
实施例14
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=50∶1),产物收率93%,黄色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):6.92-6.96(m,2H),6.58(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.44(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),3.75(brs,1H),3.26(t,J=5.4Hz,2H),2.74(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),18.9-19.4(m,2H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):144.84,129.56,126.77,121.47,116.96,114.23,42.03,27.03,22.23.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C9H12N(M+H)+:134.0970found:134.0972.
实施例15
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=60∶1),产物收率93%,无色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):7.28-7.32(m,2H),7.18-7.23(m,3H),2.99(q,J=7.2Hz,4H),2.88-2.92(m,2H),2.71(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.06-2.14(m,2H),1.28(t,J=7.2Hz,6H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):142.3,130.4,129.0,126.6,56.7,50.1,29.9,26.8,13.6.HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C13H22N(M+H)+:192.1752 found:192.1757.
实施例16
实验操作与实施例1类似,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂作为洗脱剂(v∶v=10∶1),产物收率91%,无色液体;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):7.22-7.23(m,5H),3.59(brs,2H),2.82(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.52(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.95-2.02(m,2H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ(ppm):142.1,128.6,128.2,126.0,43.2,31.3,30.2,HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for C9H14N(M+H)+:136.1126found:136.1128。
Claims (9)
1.一种还原硫代酰胺的新方法。其特征在于:以4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷络合物(DMAP-BH3)为氢原子供体,用二叔丁氧基叠氮(TBHN)为自由基引发剂,苯硫酚为催化剂,乙腈做溶剂,80℃条件还原硫代酰胺,或是用三乙基硼/氧气作为引发剂,25℃反应,其它条件不变,还原硫代酰胺得到相应的胺类化合物。该方法具有如下反应通式:
。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于硫代酰胺,4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷络合物(DMAP-BH3),二叔丁氧基叠氮(TBHN),苯硫酚的摩尔比为1∶1∶0.2∶0.1。或者硫代酰胺,4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷络合物(DMAP-BH3),三乙基硼,苯硫酚的摩尔比为1∶1∶0.5∶0.1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所用的硫代酰胺包括一级酰胺,二级酰胺,三级酰胺,内酰胺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所用的各种类型的硫代酰胺包括脂肪族酰胺,芳香族酰胺,杂环酰胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所用的酰胺取代基中含有烷基,烷氧基,卤素,氰基,硝基,酯基,芳基,酰基,醚键,硅醚,烯基,炔基,缩醛等。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于使用苯硫酚作为极性反转催化剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于使用4-二甲氨基吡啶硼烷络合物为氢原子供体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于使用二叔丁氧基叠氮(TBHN)或三乙基硼/氧气为自由基引发剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于使用乙腈做溶剂。
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CN113501843A (zh) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-10-15 | 兰州大学 | 一种三价磷取代的胺类化合物的合成方法 |
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