CN107181304B - Charging protection circuit and automobile - Google Patents
Charging protection circuit and automobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107181304B CN107181304B CN201710513396.3A CN201710513396A CN107181304B CN 107181304 B CN107181304 B CN 107181304B CN 201710513396 A CN201710513396 A CN 201710513396A CN 107181304 B CN107181304 B CN 107181304B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- switching element
- control
- resistor
- terminal
- charging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a charging protection circuit and an automobile, wherein the charging protection circuit comprises: a charging output terminal; a first switching element including a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal; the first end and the second end of the first switching element are connected in series in a charging loop of the charging output end and a battery to be charged; and a control circuit connected to a control terminal of the first switching element. According to the embodiment of the invention, the control circuit is arranged to output the control voltage to the control end of the first switch element and control the first switch element to be switched on or switched off, so that the reverse current flow of the charging circuit can be prevented, the battery can be protected, software is not required to participate in control, the battery is not influenced by external conditions such as temperature and current, and the reliability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of circuit design, in particular to a charging protection circuit and an automobile.
Background
With the continuous development of automobile electronics, more and more electronic functions are applied to electric automobiles, and along with the examination of the low-voltage power supply capacity of the electric automobiles, the power of the direct-current to direct-current DC/DC low-voltage battery charger of the electric automobiles is larger and larger, the charging current of the direct-current to direct-current DC/DC low-voltage battery charger of the electric automobiles which is widely applied at present reaches more than 200 amperes, and even larger, so that the output reverse-filling prevention protection of the DC/DC low-voltage battery charger products of the electric automobiles is more and more difficult. Some products use the following:
1. using a power relay, and controlling through software, wherein the defects are as follows: the reliability is not high, and the large-current relay is too large in size and high in cost;
2. using power diodes, the drawback is: the loss is too large;
3. using a power metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor mosfet, and controlling through software, wherein the defects are as follows: the reliability is not high and the response time is too slow due to the precision of the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).
In summary, the prior art cannot protect the battery well.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is to provide a charging protection circuit and an automobile, which are used for preventing output reverse flow and protecting a battery.
To solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a charging protection circuit, including:
a charging output terminal;
a first switching element including a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal; the first end and the second end of the first switching element are connected in series in a charging loop of the charging output end and a battery to be charged; and the number of the first and second groups,
a control circuit connected to a control terminal of the first switching element;
when the charging voltage of the charging output end is greater than the voltage of the receiving end of the battery to be charged, the control circuit outputs a first control voltage to the control end to control the first end and the second end of the first switch element to be conducted;
when the charging voltage of the charging output end is not larger than the voltage of the receiving end of the battery to be charged, the control circuit outputs a second control voltage to the control end to control the first end and the second end of the first switch element to be disconnected.
Further, the first switch element is a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, a first end of the first switch element is a source, a second end of the first switch element is a drain, and a control end of the first switch element is a gate.
Further, the control circuit includes: the circuit comprises a preset voltage end, a first resistor, a second resistor and a second switch element;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the preset voltage end, and the second end of the first resistor is respectively connected with the control end of the first switch element, the first end of the second switch element, the second end of the second switch element and the anode of the battery to be charged;
the first end of the second switch element is also connected with the control end of the first switch element and the anode of the battery to be charged respectively;
and the first end of the second resistor is connected with the third end of the second switching element, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to a circuit for connecting the charging output end and the negative electrode of the battery to be charged and is grounded.
Further, the control circuit further includes: a third resistor and a third switching element;
the third resistor is arranged on a circuit, wherein the third end of the first switching element is connected with the positive electrode of the battery to be charged, the first end of the third resistor is further connected with the second end of the second switching element, and the second end of the third resistor is further connected with the first end of the second switching element;
the first end of the third switching element is connected to a connecting branch which is connected with the battery to be charged in parallel and is respectively connected with the first end of the first switching element and the second end of the second resistor, the second end of the third switching element is respectively connected with the first end of the first resistor and the preset voltage end, and the third end of the third switching element is respectively connected with the first end of the second resistor and the third end of the second switching element.
Further, the control circuit further includes: and the first end of the first capacitor is connected to a circuit which is connected with the first end of the second switch element and the anode of the battery to be charged, and the second end of the first capacitor is connected to a circuit which is connected with the second end of the second resistor and the cathode of the battery to be charged.
Further, the control circuit further includes: and the second capacitor is arranged on the connecting branch, and one end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the second resistor.
Furthermore, the second switch element is an N-type triode, and a first end of the second switch element is a base, a second end is a collector, and a third end is an emitter.
Further, the third switching element is an N-type triode, and a first end of the third switching element is a base, a second end is a collector, and a third end is an emitter.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an automobile is further provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a dc-to-dc conversion circuit, and further includes the charging protection circuit as described above, where the dc-to-dc conversion circuit is connected to a charging output terminal of the charging protection circuit.
Further, a charging output end of the charging protection circuit is an electrolytic capacitor in the dc-to-dc conversion circuit, wherein an anode of the electrolytic capacitor is connected to the first end of the first switching element.
Compared with the prior art, the charging protection circuit and the automobile provided by the embodiment of the invention at least have the following beneficial effects:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the control circuit is arranged to output the control voltage to the control end of the first switch element and control the first switch element to be switched on or switched off, so that the reverse current flow of the charging circuit can be prevented, the battery can be protected, software is not required to participate in control, the battery is not influenced by external conditions such as temperature and current, and the reliability is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a charge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided only to help the full understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. Thus, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity and conciseness.
It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a charge protection circuit, including:
a charging output terminal;
a first switching element M including a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal; the first end and the second end of the first switching element M are connected in series in a charging loop of the charging output end and a battery to be charged; and the number of the first and second groups,
a control circuit connected to a control terminal of the first switching element M;
when the charging voltage of the charging output end is greater than the voltage of the receiving end of the battery to be charged, the control circuit outputs a first control voltage to the control end to control the conduction of the first end and the second end of the first switch element M;
when the charging voltage of the charging output end is not greater than the voltage of the receiving end of the battery to be charged, the control circuit outputs a second control voltage to the control end to control the first end and the second end of the first switch element M to be disconnected.
The charging voltage of the charging output end may be a voltage at a point a shown in fig. 1, and the voltage of the receiving end of the battery to be charged may be a voltage at a point B shown in fig. 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to control the first switching element M to be turned on or off by controlling a voltage value of the control end of the first switching element M, and when the current flows backwards, the control circuit outputs a second control voltage to the control end of the first switching element M, so that the first switching element M is turned off, thereby protecting the charging circuit, wherein the first control voltage and the second control voltage may be set according to an actual circuit.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the control circuit is arranged to output the control voltage to the control end of the first switch element M and control the on or off of the first switch element M, so that the reverse current flow of the charging circuit can be prevented, the battery can be protected, software is not required to participate in control, the battery is not influenced by external conditions such as temperature and current, and the reliability is high.
In an embodiment, the first switch element M is a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, a first end of the first switch element M is a source, a second end of the first switch element M is a drain, and a control end of the first switch element M is a gate.
Wherein the control circuit may include: a preset voltage terminal, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a second switch element N1;
a first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the preset voltage terminal, and a second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to a control terminal of the first switching element M, a first end of the second switching element N1, a second end of the second switching element N1, and a positive electrode of the battery to be charged, respectively;
the first end of the second switching element N1 is also connected to the control end of the first switching element M and the positive electrode of the battery to be charged, respectively;
a first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to a third end of the second switch element N1, and a second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to a circuit connecting the charging output end and the negative electrode of the battery to be charged, and is grounded.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the voltage value of the preset voltage terminal may be set according to an actual circuit condition, and the preset voltage value is preferably 24V.
When the charging voltage at the charging output end is not greater than the voltage at the receiving end of the battery to be charged, it can also be understood that the voltage at the point a in fig. 1 is not greater than the voltage at the point B, the voltage at the control end of the first switching element M, that is, the voltage at the point C in fig. 1 is approximately equal to the divided voltage of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the ratio of the first resistor R1 to the second resistor R2 is selected so that the first switching element M is in the off state when the control end of the first switching element M receives the first control voltage, so that when the charging voltage at the charging output end is not greater than the voltage at the receiving end of the battery to be charged, the charging circuit can be protected, and the battery to be charged and other components in the charging circuit can be protected.
Wherein the control circuit may further include: a third resistor R3 and a third switching element N2;
the third resistor R3 is arranged on a circuit in which the third end of the first switching element M is connected with the positive electrode of the battery to be charged, the first end of the third resistor R3 is also connected with the second end of the second switching element N1, and the second end of the third resistor R3 is also connected with the first end of the second switching element N1;
a first end of the third switching element N2 is connected to a branch circuit connected in parallel to the battery to be charged and is connected to a first end of the first switching element M and a second end of the second resistor R2, respectively, a second end of the third switching element N2 is connected to a first end of the first resistor R1 and the preset voltage end, respectively, and a third end of the third switching element N2 is connected to a first end of the second resistor R2 and a third end of the second switching element N1, respectively.
When the charging voltage at the charging output end is greater than the voltage at the receiving end of the battery to be charged, it can also be understood that when the voltage at the point a in fig. 1 is greater than the voltage at the point B, the voltage at the point E in the figure is the voltage at the point a minus the voltage at the junction of the second switching element N1PN, the second switching element N1 is in the on state, the first switching element M is in the off state, the voltage at the control end of the first switching element M, that is, the voltage at the point C in fig. 1 is approximately equal to the voltage output by the preset voltage end minus the voltage at the point B, and then the voltage is divided by the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3, so that by selecting the ratio of the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3, the first switching element M is in the on state when the control end of the first switching element M receives the second control voltage, and therefore, when the charging voltage at the charging output end is greater than the voltage at the receiving end of the, the battery charger can work normally to charge the battery.
Wherein the control circuit may further include: a first capacitor C1, a first terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to a circuit that a first terminal of the second switching element N1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery to be charged, and a second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to a circuit that a second terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery to be charged. Further, the control circuit further includes: a second capacitor C2, the second capacitor C2 is disposed on the connecting branch, and one end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the second resistor R2. The charging protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention can be protected by arranging the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2, coupling interference among elements is eliminated, and interference of output signals is filtered. The first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are preferably ceramic capacitors.
In an embodiment, the second switching element N1 is an N-type transistor, and the first terminal of the second switching element N1 is a base, the second terminal is a collector, and the third terminal is an emitter. The third switching element N2 is an N-type triode, and the first end of the third switching element N2 is a base, the second end is a collector, and the third end is an emitter.
In this embodiment, when the voltage at point a is higher than the voltage at point B, the voltage at point E is the voltage at point a minus the PN junction voltage of the third switching element N2, the third switching element N2 operates in the amplification region, the PN junction of the second switching element N1 is reversely biased and operates in the cut-off region, the voltage at point C is equal to the voltage output from the preset voltage terminal minus the voltage at point B, and is divided by the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3, and the first switching element M can be operated in the on state by selecting an appropriate ratio of the first resistor R1 to the third resistor R3; on the contrary, if the voltage at the B point is higher than the voltage at the a point, the second switching element N1 operates in the amplification region, the third switching element N2 operates in the cut-off region, and the voltage at the C point is approximately equal to the divided voltage of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, the first switching element M can be operated in the cut-off state by selecting the ratio of the first resistor R1 to the second resistor R2. Therefore, the circuit realizes the unidirectional flow of current, and only the current flows from the point A to the point B to charge the battery.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an automobile is further provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a dc-to-dc conversion circuit, and further includes the charging protection circuit as described above, where the dc-to-dc conversion circuit is connected to a charging output terminal of the charging protection circuit.
Further, a charging output end of the charging protection circuit is an electrolytic capacitor C3 in the dc-dc conversion circuit, wherein an anode of the electrolytic capacitor is connected to the first end of the first switching element M.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit is arranged to output the control voltage to the control terminal of the first switch element M, so as to control the on/off of the first switch element M, thereby preventing the current of the charging circuit from flowing backwards, protecting the battery, and being free from the influence of external conditions such as temperature and current, and having high reliability.
It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A charge protection circuit, comprising:
a charging output terminal;
a first switching element including a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal; the first end and the second end of the first switching element are connected in series in a charging loop of the charging output end and a battery to be charged; and the number of the first and second groups,
a control circuit connected to a control terminal of the first switching element;
when the charging voltage of the charging output end is greater than the voltage of the receiving end of the battery to be charged, the control circuit outputs a first control voltage to the control end to control the first end and the second end of the first switch element to be conducted;
when the charging voltage of the charging output end is not greater than the voltage of the receiving end of the battery to be charged, the control circuit outputs a second control voltage to the control end to control the first end and the second end of the first switch element to be disconnected;
the control circuit includes: the circuit comprises a preset voltage end, a first resistor, a second switch element, a third resistor and a third switch element;
a first end of the first resistor is connected with the preset voltage end, and a second end of the first resistor is respectively connected with a control end of the first switch element, a first end of the second switch element, and a second end of the third resistor;
the first end of the second switching element is also connected with the control end of the first switching element and the second end of the third resistor respectively;
the first end of the second resistor is connected with the third end of the second switching element, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to a circuit for connecting the charging output end and the negative electrode of the battery to be charged and grounded; the first end of the third resistor is connected with the anode of the battery to be charged, and the first end of the third resistor is also connected with the second end of the second switching element; the first end of the third switching element is connected to a connecting branch which is connected with the battery to be charged in parallel and is respectively connected with the first end of the first switching element and the second end of the second resistor, the second end of the third switching element is respectively connected with the first end of the first resistor and the preset voltage end, and the third end of the third switching element is respectively connected with the first end of the second resistor and the third end of the second switching element.
2. The charging protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switch element is a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, the first terminal of the first switch element is a source, the second terminal is a drain, and the control terminal is a gate.
3. The charge protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuit further comprises: and the first end of the first capacitor is connected to a circuit which is connected with the second end of the second switch element and the anode of the battery to be charged, and the second end of the first capacitor is connected to a circuit which is connected with the second end of the second resistor and the cathode of the battery to be charged.
4. The charge protection circuit of claim 3, wherein the control circuit further comprises: and the second capacitor is arranged on the connecting branch, and one end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the second resistor.
5. The charging protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the second switching element is an N-type transistor, and a first terminal of the second switching element is a base, a second terminal is a collector, and a third terminal is an emitter.
6. The charging protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the third switching element is an N-type transistor, and the first terminal of the third switching element is a base, the second terminal is a collector, and the third terminal is an emitter.
7. An automobile comprising a DC-DC conversion circuit, characterized by further comprising the charging protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the DC-DC conversion circuit is connected with a charging output terminal of the charging protection circuit.
8. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein the charging output terminal of the charging protection circuit is an electrolytic capacitor in the dc-dc conversion circuit, and wherein an anode of the electrolytic capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the first switching element.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710513396.3A CN107181304B (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | Charging protection circuit and automobile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710513396.3A CN107181304B (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | Charging protection circuit and automobile |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107181304A CN107181304A (en) | 2017-09-19 |
| CN107181304B true CN107181304B (en) | 2020-04-17 |
Family
ID=59845956
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710513396.3A Active CN107181304B (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | Charging protection circuit and automobile |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107181304B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118399556A (en) * | 2024-06-28 | 2024-07-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Charging protection circuit and vehicle |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204103466U (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-01-14 | 王立晖 | A kind of metal-oxide-semiconductor type solar recharging protective circuit |
-
2017
- 2017-06-29 CN CN201710513396.3A patent/CN107181304B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107181304A (en) | 2017-09-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TW513834B (en) | Failure protection device of parallel type power supply | |
| CN101888109A (en) | Storage battery charge control circuit adopting two-way reverse connecting protection | |
| CN209994110U (en) | NMOS tube-based reverse connection prevention protection circuit for vehicle-mounted direct-current power supply | |
| GB2436970A (en) | DC to DC converter and electric motor drive system | |
| CN107294366B (en) | Pre-charging circuit, direct current-direct current converter and hybrid electric vehicle | |
| US7898227B2 (en) | Non-synchronous boost converter including low-voltage device for load disconnection | |
| CN112448580B (en) | Flying capacitor converter | |
| CN201726176U (en) | Charge control circuit with bidirectional reverse connection protection for storage batteries | |
| CN107181304B (en) | Charging protection circuit and automobile | |
| US20130119957A1 (en) | Bi-directional Switching Regulator and Control Circuit Thereof | |
| CN206932185U (en) | External USB built-in lithium batteries multi gear drives brushless motor circuit | |
| CN211508901U (en) | Power supply circuit and power supply device | |
| CN111952938A (en) | Input protection circuit and method of power supply | |
| CN108023481B (en) | Circuit with variable output and converter controller including the same | |
| CN107276037B (en) | Vehicle-mounted USB power interface protection circuit | |
| CN113784867B (en) | Detection circuit, anti-reverse irrigation system and charging pile | |
| CN110798199A (en) | MOS tube driving circuit | |
| CN109462328B (en) | Low-loss bidirectional switch circuit with multiple input protection functions | |
| KR101734215B1 (en) | Bidirectional non-isolation dc-dc converter with improved in stability | |
| CN114629202A (en) | Direct current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit | |
| CN109149523B (en) | Self-recovery type overcurrent protection circuit | |
| CN209072053U (en) | A kind of self- recoverage type current foldback circuit | |
| CN102035181A (en) | Overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit in switch power supply | |
| CN205453079U (en) | Overcurrent protection circuit of electronic switch | |
| CN221862692U (en) | DC-DC circuit and energy storage power supply thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |