CN107179563B - Brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system and implementation method - Google Patents
Brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system and implementation methods, including geological radar monitoring device, surface wave monitoring device, volumetric water content monitoring device, groundwater level monitoring device, specific resistance monitoring device and soil suction monitoring device.The invention also discloses the implementation methods of the monitoring system.The present invention passes through setting geological radar monitoring device, surface wave monitoring device, volumetric water content monitoring device, groundwater level monitoring device, specific resistance monitoring device and soil suction monitoring device, in-situ monitoring analysis system implementation method based on multi- scenarios methods such as moisture field-electromagnetic field-acoustic wavefields, the evolutionary process of ancient building base interior water environment can be dynamically grasped comprehensively, the also moisture field relationship based on electromagnetic wave-sound wave-electric field scheduling theory system and rock soil medium, realize the time space distribution of further investigation ancient building base interior water environment, for the disease survey of ancient building pedestal, prediction and the system monitoring and theoretical analysis method for repairing the science of providing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to structural engineering technical fields, are related to brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system, the present invention
Further relate to the implementation method of above-mentioned monitoring system.
Background technique
In recent years, with the fast development that Shen is lost, ancient site, historical relic's protection and reparation have become the hot spot of research.
ICCROM, WHC, ICOMOS and other many research institutions and numerous scholars, all in the protection for being dedicated to research and probe ancient building
With repair.However, still seeing repeatly not for ancient site, ancient building disease and the report of damage with upper one-hundred-year history
It is fresh.The research achievements such as a large amount of field research, lossless detection, model test, numerical analyses show: most time-honored rammed earths are lost
Location, brick-soil structure ancient building are faced with crisp alkali, biotic intrusion, weathering, degrade, the diseases such as damaged or destroyed by flood, cavity, cracking even collapse
The reason of doing harm to, causing this disease is mainly: in long-term rainfall infiltration to rammed earth ruins or ancient building rammed earth, and the infiltration of rammed earth
Property again it is extremely low, penetrate into rammed earth inside moisture be difficult to be discharged in a short time, cause internal saturation degree to be gradually increasing over time, into
And damp sink of foundation softening is induced, generate inhomogeneous deformation；Continuous rainfall infiltration cause inside soil body subtle sticky particle and can
Dissolubility salinity losses form seepage channel, gradually decrease to induce rammed earth foundation capability.It can be seen that water damage is to cause
The ultimate cause of ancient building Structural defect.Therefore, for water damage scale, time space distribution and the Forming Mechanism of ancient building pedestal
System monitoring analysis is carried out, the Anti-seeping technology and reparation to later period ancient building pedestal have important scientific reference significance.
However, being had the following problems at present for the research of ancient building water damage:
(1) Law For the Preservation of Antiques and related any research sex work of regulations of rules must not damage historical relic body construction, this makes
The research of its disease and its pregnant calamity mechanism there are certain difficulties, therefore, for earthen ruins dry and wet, Frozen-thawed cycled, wind erosion,
Disease research under the conditions of salination etc., is confined to the mechanical test of indoor physical-chemical test and material degradation more, and lacks
The testing regulations of in-situ monitoring system；
(2) the lossless detection common method of ancient building damage has: GPR geological radar, IR infrared acquisition, the resistivity side TDR
Method, Neutron and magnetic nuclear resonance method, ambient vibration in-situ test method, Elastic-Wave Measuring method etc., pass through above-mentioned in-situ test hand
Section can study masonry structure damage characteristic and moisture field distribution feature from different theories level, but by above-mentioned a variety of monitorings
The integrated application of means is actually less in engineering；
(3) simple lossless detection method can qualitatively obtain ancient building base interior structure macroscopic damage feature and
Moisture field space distribution rule, but be difficult to describe Moisture Transfer Rule of the base interior moisture field under the effect of extraneous water environment and
Permanent mechanism；
(4) disease of ancient architecture building structure is mainly water damage and Structural defect, in addition to occasional case (earthquake, big flood, the flames of war and
Other accidental force majeure factors) outside, Structural defect is mostly caused by water damage, but for brick-soil structure pedestal water damage and structure
The exploration of disease relationship is also less；
(5) other than the monitoring of the water damage of the special constructions such as ancient building pedestal, the ancient site to disappear, artifact are largely on the verge of
Etc. inducement mechanism, Evolution research and the field monitoring etc. of water damages also relatively lack the theoretical analysis method and monitoring system of system
Comprehensive utilization the problems such as.
In order to understand the disease and Forming Mechanism problem that above-mentioned ancient architecture building structure is faced in depth, it is highly desirable research and development one
Kind is able to achieve the system being monitored to the water damage and Structural defect of ancient building pedestal.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system, can water damage to ancient building pedestal and
Structural defect is monitored.
It is a further object to provide brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system implementation methods.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system and implementation method, including ground
Matter radar monitoring device, surface wave monitoring device, volumetric water content monitoring device, groundwater level monitoring device, resistivity monitoring dress
It sets and soil suction monitoring device；
Geological radar monitoring device is for monitoring different volumes moisture content θwThe dielectric constant ζ of lower rammed earthrValue, for obtaining
The back analysis of deep water branch；
Surface wave monitoring device is used to monitor the surface wave velocity of rock soil medium with the regularity of distribution of depth, and using surface wave wave
Speed carrys out the elasticity mechanics parameter that inverse goes out structure with shear wave velocity and Determination of Dynamic Elastic Modulus relationship, is directly used in macroscopic view and judges rock soil medium
Faulted condition；
Volumetric water content monitoring device uses time domain reflection technology, for monitoring the volumetric water content θ of soilw；
Groundwater level monitoring device is for describing Variation Regular of Groundwater Levels, for judging underground water to research object indirectly
Influence degree；
Specific resistance monitoring device reflects the soil body for monitoring the resistivity of soil using soil resistivity tester indirectly
Internal void liquid hold-up and Transport；
Soil suction monitoring device reflects inside soil body moisture content and soil for monitoring inside soil body dry and wet state indirectly
Matric potential, judge source and the trend of moisture.
The features of the present invention also characterized in that
Brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system implementation method, which is characterized in that specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: the bulk to ancient building pedestal carries out preliminary surveying, according to the reality of ancient building pedestal disease distribution
Border visual condition chooses disease position as layout of the monitoring points position；
Step 2: choosing the position influenced on ancient building pedestal vulnerable to external environment lays monitoring point, completion to be monitored
Original sample reparation is carried out to all monitoring points for generating micro-damage afterwards；
Step 3: carry out field sampling for rammed earth in ancient building pedestal ground, determine rammed earth body soil-water characteristic curve,
Functional relation between resistivity and dielectric constant and volumetric water content；
Step 4: carrying out mini-drill on ancient building pedestal, volumetric water content monitoring device is laid in mini-drill
Probe and soil suction monitoring device probe；The spy of specific resistance monitoring device is laid inside the ancient building door opening in rammed earth
Head；Groundwater level monitoring device is laid in subsoil on the outside of the ancient building pedestal；
Step 5: geological radar monitoring device survey line is laid in medial and lateral respectively at the top of ancient building pedestal, positioned inside
Geological radar monitoring device survey line is vertically distributed for detecting base central position rammer soil moisture field, the geology thunder positioned at outside
The moisture field for being used to detect the rammed earth layer close to exterior wall position up to monitoring device survey line is vertically distributed；
Geological radar monitoring device is laid along in base bottom upwards different elevations on the exterior wall of ancient building pedestal
Survey line, moisture field horizontal direction and the moisture field of vertical direction for monitoring rammed earth layer in ancient building pedestal are spatially distributed
Otherness；
Step 6: being filled with laying surface wave monitoring on the consistent direction of the survey line of geological radar monitoring device described in step 5
Monitoring point is set, surface wave monitoring device monitoring point is laid respectively at left and right sides of door opening, lays surface wave monitoring device right above door opening
Monitoring point, the surface wave monitoring device survey line of ancient building pedestal inside top is for monitoring ancient building base interior rammed earth in depth side
Upward degradation characteristic, ancient building pedestal top outer surface wave monitoring device survey line is for understanding masonry structure exterior wall in height side
Upward damage feature；
Step 7: according to volumetric water content monitoring device in step 4, the monitoring result of specific resistance monitoring device and its
The functional relation obtained in step 3, the Evolution of analysis ancient building base interior moisture field at any time；
Step 8: according to geological radar monitoring device, volumetric water content monitoring device and resistance in step 5~step 7
The long term monitoring of rate monitoring device as a result, and step 3 it is resulting as a result, analysis moisture field space distribution rule；
According to the obtained monitoring result of step 6 surface wave monitoring device, the gross feature of base construction disease is analyzed；
According to the analysis of step 7 and step 8 as a result, dividing ancient building pedestal water damage and Structural defect correlation
Analysis, completes brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring.
In step 1: disease position includes the accumulation of salt in the surface soil on ancient building pedestal, weathering and erosion, scaling-off, decortication, percolating water or splits
Stitch position.
Functional relation in step 3 is obtained using following steps:
The first step, the soil-water characteristic curve that rammed earth is described with the classical formulas of Fredlund-Xing proposition:
In formula (1): θwFor volumetric water content (%), θsIt is matric suction (kPa), a for saturated volume moisture content (%), Ψ
It is parameter (kPa) related with air-entry value, b is the parameter related with soil body rate of water loss after matric suction is greater than air-entry value；
Second step, the electricalresistivityρ of rammed earth and volumetric water content θwFunctional relation is described using Archie model:
Parameter a in formula (2)0、b0It is related with filling's dry density is rammed；
Third step surveys different volumes moisture content θ based on geological radar monitoring devicewThe permittivity ε of lower rammed earthrValue, is adopted
With polynomial fitting method, the θ similar to Topp formula is obtainedw-εrFit correlation:
θw=A ε3 r+Bε2 r+Cεr+D (3)；
In formula (3), parameter A, B, C, D are largely to be surveyed according to volumetric water content monitoring device and geological radar monitoring device
Obtained fitting parameter.
In step 4: the aperture of mini-drill is not more than 30mm.
The invention has the advantages that passing through setting geological radar monitoring device, surface wave monitoring device, volumetric water content prison
Device, groundwater level monitoring device, specific resistance monitoring device and soil suction monitoring device are surveyed, moisture field-electromagnetic field-sound is based on
The in-situ monitoring analysis system implementation method of the multi- scenarios methods such as wave field, can dynamically grasp ancient building base interior water environment comprehensively
Evolutionary process, be then based on the moisture field relationship of electromagnetic wave-sound wave-electric field scheduling theory system and rock soil medium, be able to achieve depth
Enter to explore the time space distribution of ancient building base interior water environment, is mentioned for disease survey, prediction and the reparation of ancient building pedestal
For the system monitoring and theoretical analysis method of a set of science.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that brick of the present invention-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system is implemented in building；
Fig. 2 is brick of the present invention-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system main view；
Fig. 3 is I-I diagrammatic cross-section in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is brick of the present invention-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system top view；
Fig. 5 is brick of the present invention-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system implementation method flow chart；
Fig. 6 is volumetric water content θ obtained in embodimentwMatric suction Ψ graph of relation；
Fig. 7 is volumetric water content θ obtained in embodimentwElectricalresistivityρ's graph of relation；
Fig. 8 is dielectric constant obtained in embodiment-moisture content relationship inverting amendment Topp formula, dielectric constant and actual measurement
Volumetric water content relationship；
Fig. 9 is rammed earth layer water-cut trend within the walls outside pedestal obtained in embodiment；
Figure 10 is Securities obtained in embodiment internal foundation soil water-cut trend；
Figure 11 is that pedestal sea obtained in embodiment plasters following north side interior lines average elastic modulus with depth profile；
Figure 12 is that pedestal sea obtained in embodiment plasters following north side outside line average elastic modulus with depth profile；
Figure 13 is Securities gate arch shoulders change in resistance trend obtained in embodiment；
Figure 14 is Securities gate arch shoulders volumetric water content variation tendency obtained in embodiment；
Figure 15 is Securities obtained in embodiment foundation position change in resistance trend；
Figure 16 is Securities obtained in embodiment foundation site volume water-cut trend；
Figure 17 is that rammed earth resistivity monitoring point is laid in Securities in embodiment；
Figure 18 is that southern side sea plasters rammed earth moisture content spatial distribution at following different depth in embodiment；
Figure 19 is to damage masonry curves of stress-strain relationship under different damage factor D in embodiment；
Figure 20 is embodiment Elastic Modulus and saturation degree relation curve；
Figure 21 is Shear Strength Index and saturation degree relation curve in embodiment；
Figure 22 is that the local dip that structure influences is analyzed in the water damage effect of analysis section in embodiment；
Figure 23 is that the tensile stress state that structure influences is analyzed in the water damage effect of analysis section in embodiment.
In figure, 1. geological radar monitoring devices, 2. surface wave monitoring devices, 3. volumetric water content monitoring devices, 4. underground water
Position monitoring device, 5. specific resistance monitoring devices, 6. soil suction monitoring devices.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Brick of the present invention-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system includes as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 geological radar prison
Survey device 1, surface wave monitoring device 2, volumetric water content monitoring device 3, groundwater level monitoring device 4,5 and of specific resistance monitoring device
Soil suction monitoring device 6；
Geological radar monitoring device 1 is for monitoring different volumes moisture content θwThe dielectric constant ζ of lower rammed earthrValue can obtain deep
The back analysis of layer moisture field；
Surface wave monitoring device 2 is used to monitor the surface wave velocity of rock soil medium with the regularity of distribution of depth, and can utilize surface wave
Velocity of wave and shear wave velocity and Determination of Dynamic Elastic Modulus relationship carry out the elasticity mechanics parameter that inverse goes out structure, are directly used in macroscopic view and judge that ground is situated between
The faulted condition of matter；
Volumetric water content monitoring device 3 uses time domain reflection technology, for monitoring the volumetric water content of soil；
Groundwater level monitoring device 4 can judge indirectly underground water to research object for describing Variation Regular of Groundwater Levels
Influence degree；
Specific resistance monitoring device 5 can reflect the soil body for monitoring the resistivity of soil for soil resistivity tester indirectly
Internal void liquid hold-up and Transport；
Soil suction monitoring device 6 can reflect inside soil body moisture content for monitoring inside soil body dry and wet state indirectly
With the matric potential of soil, source and the trend of moisture are judged.
Geological radar monitoring device 1, surface wave monitoring device 2, volumetric water content monitoring device 3, groundwater level monitoring device
4, specific resistance monitoring device 5 and soil suction monitoring device 6 can carry out according to the actual situation when in use without specific connection
Installation.
Brick of the present invention-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system implementation method, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: the bulk to ancient building pedestal carries out preliminary surveying, according to the reality of ancient building pedestal disease distribution
Border visual condition chooses disease position, such as: using the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, weathering and erosion, scaling-off (decortication), percolating water, crack position as pass
Key layout of the monitoring points position；
Wherein, principle is laid are as follows: 3 groups or more monitoring points are laid at similar disease position, as parallel contrastive detection point.
Step 2: choosing ancient building pedestal top, exterior wall, door opening etc. vulnerable to external environment (by atmosphere, rainfall, wind
The position of the influences such as solarization) influence position lay monitoring point, it is to be monitored after the completion of to it is all generate micro-damages monitorings click through
Row is repaired as former state；
Wherein, monitoring point arrangement principle are as follows: respectively lay at least 3 groups at pedestal top, middle part and bottom different height position
The above monitoring point, according to the every 5m~10m of length direction in spatial distribution, every 1m~3m lays a monitoring point in short transverse
Principle monitors space distribution rule of the disease in vertical and plane respectively, and guarantees to carry out safeguard procedures to all monitoring points.
Step 3: carrying out field sampling for rammed earth in ancient building pedestal ground, carries out laboratory test, determine rammed earth body
Functional relation between soil-water characteristic curve, resistivity and dielectric constant and volumetric water content, specific implementation method and function close
System obtains in the following way:
The first step, the soil-water characteristic curve that rammed earth is described with the classical formulas of the proposition of Fredlund-Xing 1994:
In formula (1): θwFor volumetric water content (%), θsIt is matric suction (kPa), a for saturated volume moisture content (%), Ψ
It is parameter (kPa) related with air-entry value, b is the parameter related with soil body rate of water loss after matric suction is greater than air-entry value；
Second step, the electricalresistivityρ of rammed earth and volumetric water content θwFunctional relation is described using Archie model:
In formula (2), parameter a0、b0It is related with filling's dry density is rammed；
Third step, the dielectric constant value that rammed earth under different volumes moisture content θ w is surveyed based on geological radar monitoring device 1,
Using polynomial fitting method, the θ w- ε r fit correlation similar to Topp formula is obtained, specific as follows:
θw=A ε3 r+Bε2 r+Cεr+D (3)；
In formula (3), parameter A, B, C, D are a large amount of real according to volumetric water content monitoring device 3 and geological radar monitoring device 1
The fitting parameter measured.
Step 3 needs to carry out indoor in the specifically physical index and mechanics parameter of calibration ancient building base interior rammed earth
The coefficient of above-mentioned function is determined in advance by a large amount of rating tests for routine test；If without the native water feature for studying rammed earth
Quantitative relationship between curve, resistivity and dielectric constant and volumetric water content, it is only necessary to understand the moisture field space-time of its rammed earth
Changing rule, then can omited steps three.
Step 4: below the top of ancient building pedestal 0~h (h be pedestal actual height, it is depending on the circumstances),
Mini-drill is carried out in the above 1.0m height of exterior wall base bottom, wherein aperture≤30mm, hole depth are at least deep into outer walling
1.0m~3.0m within structural thickness lays the probe of volumetric water content detection device 3 in the bottom hole of mini-drill, is spaced 0.5m
Soil suction monitoring device 6 is laid, the probe and soil of 1~3 group of volumetric water content monitoring device 3 are laid in each mini-drill
The probe of suction monitoring device 6；The probe of specific resistance monitoring device 5, electricity are laid inside the arch ring and side wall of door opening in rammed earth
It is 1.0m~2.0m that the probe of resistance rate monitoring device 5, which lays depth, and array pitch is 3.0m~4.0m between being averaged, outside ancient building pedestal
(drilling laying is carried out according to local level of ground water average value+3.0m) in certain depth inside the subsoil of side and lays underground water
Position monitoring device；
All monitoring probes carry out examination survey after the completion of laying, and after trying to survey and stablize, close miniature drill using the rammed earth drilled out
The aperture in hole is simultaneously rammed closely knit, every the initial value of test in 5 minutes, continuously measures 3~5 times, it is first for finally taking its average value
Value；It according to newest weather forecast, respectively monitors 1~2 time, or is monitored weekly within the Pluvial 3~5 times before and after rainfall, withered
It is monitored weekly in the water phase 1 time.
Step 5: as shown in figure 4, the survey of geological radar monitoring device 1 is laid in medial and lateral respectively at the top of ancient building pedestal
Line, 1 survey line of geological radar monitoring device positioned inside are vertical for detecting ancient building base central position rammer soil moisture field
Distribution, the moisture field that 1 survey line of geological radar monitoring device positioned at outside is used to detect the rammed earth layer close to exterior wall position are vertical
The spacing of distribution, inside and outside survey line is determined according to the developed width at the top of pedestal, should react the difference at different spaces position as far as possible
Property；In addition, along in base bottom upwards different elevations (base bottom, middle part, top) on the exterior wall of ancient building pedestal
31 surveys line of geological radar monitoring device are laid, for monitoring the moisture field horizontal direction and vertical direction of rammed earth layer in pedestal
The otherness that moisture field is spatially distributed；
Step 6: being supervised with surface wave monitoring device 2 is laid in step 5 on the consistent direction of 1 survey line of geological radar monitoring device
Measuring point guarantees door opening each side 22 monitoring points of surface wave monitoring device, and 1 surface wave monitoring device 2 monitors right above door opening
Point, the surrounding of rectangular ancient building pedestal can uniformly distributed at least five monitoring point, the surface wave monitoring of ancient building pedestal inside top
2 survey line of device is for monitoring the degradation characteristic of ancient building base interior rammed earth in the depth direction, ancient building pedestal top outer
2 survey line of surface wave monitoring device for understanding the damage feature of masonry structure exterior wall in the height direction；
Step 7: according to volumetric water content monitoring device 3, the long term monitoring result of specific resistance monitoring device 5 in step 4
And the functional relation obtained by step 3 between the volumetric water content obtained in indoor Experimental Calibration, analyze ancient building base interior
The Evolution of moisture field at any time；
Step 8: as shown in figure 5, according to the resulting geological radar monitoring device 1 of step 5~step 7 and volume of aqueous
Rate monitoring device 3, the long term monitoring of specific resistance monitoring device 5 as a result, and the resulting laboratory test calibration result of step 3, point
Bleed branch space distribution rule；
According to the monitoring result of the resulting surface wave monitoring device 2 of step 6, the macroscopic view of ancient building base construction disease is analyzed
Feature；
According to the analysis of step 7 and step 8 as a result, dividing ancient building pedestal water damage and Structural defect correlation
Analysis, completes brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring.
Embodiment
By taking Xi'an brick-soil ancient building pedestal as an example；
It is carried out according to the following steps for certain brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system implementation process:
Step 1: according to ancient building pedestal disease distribution visual condition, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil scaling-off (decortication), percolating water, crack are chosen
And obvious weathering region is as layout of the monitoring points position (such as at the top of ancient building pedestal exterior wall, pedestal, inside door opening)；
Step 2: respectively laying 3 groups of monitoring lines at pedestal exterior wall different height, and in monitoring line length direction, every 6m lays one
A monitoring point is taken safeguard procedures to all monitoring points, is carried out after the completion of to be monitored to all monitoring points for generating micro-damage former
Sample reparation；
Step 3: the representative monitoring point on the monitoring line in selecting step two carry out mini-drill take brick sample and
Inner core wall rammed earth samplePlastic bag sealing is taken rapidly, Typical physical index in labs room is transported to and surveys
The soil-water characteristic curve test of unsaturated soil, resistivity test, obtain matric suction, the resistance of rammed earth under the conditions of examination and no-load
Functional relation between rate, dielectric constant and volumetric water content, specific implementation step can be used such as under type:
1. describing the soil-water characteristic curve of rammed earth with the classical formulas of Fredlund-Xing (1994) proposition:
In formula (1): θwFor volumetric water content (%), θsIt is matric suction (kPa), a for saturated volume moisture content (%), Ψ
It is parameter (kPa) related with air-entry value, b is the parameter related with soil body rate of water loss after matric suction is greater than air-entry value.
Obtain volumetric water content θ as shown in Figure 6wMatric suction Ψ relationship, volumetric water content θ as shown in Figure 7wElectricalresistivityρ
Relationship.
And table 1 is volumetric water content θwElectricalresistivityρ-matric suction Ψ relationship calibration value.
1 volumetric water content θ of tablewElectricalresistivityρ-matric suction Ψ relationship calibration value
2. the electricalresistivityρ of rammed earth and volumetric water content θwFunctional relation can be described with Archie model:
Wherein, parameter a in formula (2)0、b0It is related with filling's dry density is rammed.
3. surveying different volumes moisture content θ based on geological radar monitoring device 1wThe permittivity ε of lower rammed earthrValue, using more
Item formula approximating method, obtains the θ similar to Topp formulaw-εrFit correlation:
θw=A ε3 r+Bε2 r+Cεr+D (3)；
Wherein, parameter A, B, C, D are big according to volumetric water content monitoring device 3 and geological radar monitoring device 1 in formula (3)
The fitting parameter that amount actual measurement obtains.
Moisture has stronger absorbability, therefore, the higher weakening energy to electromagnetic wave of rock soil medium moisture content to electromagnetic wave
Power is stronger, and velocity of wave is slower, and relative dielectric constant is then higher.It can be described with following formula between velocity of wave and dielectric constant:
In formula (4), vrIt is the aerial spread speed of electromagnetic wave (0.3m/ns), ε for velocity of wave (m/ns), crFor opposite Jie
Electric constant.
It, can be by establishing the dielectric constant and volume of rock-soil material furthermore dielectric constant is in close relations with volumetric water content
Moisture content relation indirect reflects the moisture distribution situation in rock soil medium.According to the difference of rock soil medium dielectric properties at different depth
It is different, the velocity of wave parameter extraction of geological radar waveform cloud atlas is come out using explanation module interactive in Radans6.0, according to formula
(4) objective body permittivity ε is instead releasedr, further according to the actual measurement volumetric water content θ of target pointw, Back Analysis Method is taken to establish
θw-εrFunctional relation θ is obtained using above-mentioned theory in order to the back analysis of the moisture field of entire stylobate three-dimensional spacew-εr
The fitting of a polynomial relationship similar to Topp formula, as shown in Figure 8.Then there is θw-εrFit correlation such as formula (5):
θw=7.0 × 10-5ε3 r-3.2×10-3ε2 r+6.24×10-2εr-0.1736 (5)；
Step 4: 0~4m, exterior wall base bottom drill below the top of ancient building pedestal, hole depth 3.0m,
Bottom hole lays the probe of volumetric water content detection device 3, and interval 0.5m lays soil suction monitoring device 6, lays 2 in each hole
Group volumetric water content monitoring device 3 probe and soil suction monitoring device 6 are popped one's head in；Inside the arch ring and side wall of door opening in rammed earth
It lays specific resistance monitoring device 5 to pop one's head in, it is 2.0m that the probe of specific resistance monitoring device 5, which lays depth, and array pitch is 3.0m, in ancient architecture
It builds and lays groundwater level monitoring device on the outside of pedestal inside subsoil in certain depth.It is supervised according to the test frequency of regulation
It surveys.It is illustrated in figure 9 inside the ancient building pedestal exterior wall of Xi'an (7 monitoring points), Securities as shown in Figure 10 internal (8 monitorings
Point) volumetric water content of rammed earth layer changes with time relationship；
In terms of porous media rule, the moisture content degree (average moisture content 31%) of base bottom is high compared at the top of pedestal
(average moisture content 22%), the moisture content of the moisture content of pedestal door opening lower part rammed earth ground compared with ground on the outside of ancient building pedestal
Height shows that base interior moisture in congregate, and is difficult to discharge, causes base bottom to be almost saturated, when moisture can not
When quickly infiltrating inside to ground, pedestal exterior wall (out-wall crack) and weaker (leak path the is shorter) position of door opening arch ring are outside
Infiltration eventually leads to the water damages phenomenons such as pedestal forms a large amount of leakages, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, scaling, wall skin fall off.
Step 5: 1 survey line of geological radar monitoring device and outside geology thunder on the inside of being laid respectively at the top of ancient building pedestal
Up to 1 survey line of monitoring device, geological radar monitoring device 1 survey line in inside rams soil moisture for detecting ancient building base central position
The vertical distribution in field, the moisture field that geological radar monitoring device 1 survey line in outside is used to detect the rammed earth layer close to exterior wall position are vertical
Distribution, the spacing of inside and outside survey line are 3.5m；In addition, be highly bottom-up 1.5m, 4.0m on the exterior wall of ancient building pedestal,
6.5m lays 31 surveys line of geological radar monitoring device respectively, and measurement rainfall forward and backward state bottom base top sea plasters following respectively
The Ground Penetrating Radar wave of different parts, what the moisture field for understanding the horizontal and vertical direction of rammed earth layer in pedestal was spatially distributed
Otherness.
Step 6: it is filled with surface wave monitoring is laid on the consistent direction of 1 survey line of geological radar monitoring device described in step 5
2 monitoring points are set, guarantee each 2 monitoring points in door opening two sides, 1 monitoring point right above door opening, the surrounding energy of rectangular ancient building pedestal
Enough uniformly distributed at least five monitoring points, surface wave monitoring device 2 survey line in inside is for understanding ancient building base interior rammed earth in depth
Degradation characteristic on direction, surface wave monitoring device 2 survey line in outside is for understanding the damage of masonry structure exterior wall in the height direction
Characteristic；Figure 11 is that the pedestal sea being calculated according to the relation formula between surface wave velocity and elasticity modulus plasters following north side interior lines
Average elastic modulus is with depth profile；Figure 12 is to be calculated according to the relation formula between surface wave velocity and elasticity modulus
Pedestal sea plasters following north side outside line average elastic modulus with depth profile；
Relation formula (6) between surface wave velocity and elasticity modulus:
Shown by the surface wave test result at the top of pedestal: the damage at the top of pedestal within the scope of following 5.0m is compared with bottom 3.0m
Damage is serious in range, and pedestal is western, north side degree of injury is more serious than southeast side.
Step 7: according to the long term monitoring knot of volumetric water content monitoring device 3, specific resistance monitoring device 5 obtained by step 4
Functional relation obtained by fruit and step 3 between the volumetric water content obtained in indoor Experimental Calibration is analyzed in ancient building pedestal
The Evolution of portion moisture field at any time, Figure 13 are Securities gate arch shoulders change in resistance trend；Figure 14 is Securities gate arch shoulders
Volumetric water content (back analysis)；Figure 15 is Securities foundation position resistivity；Figure 16 is that Securities foundation site volume moisture content are (anti-
Drill analysis)；If Figure 17 is rammed earth resistivity monitoring point monitoring result in Securities；
Monitoring result shows: ancient building pedestal arch ring hands over base bottom big with the resistivity of upper top, reflects pedestal bottom
Portion's moisture content is bigger than at the top of pedestal, the porosity at the top of pedestal tell somebody what one's real intentions are portion it is high the problems such as, to imply that, received at the top of pedestal
Rainfall is affected, and forms seepage channel, the potential problem that base bottom moisture accumulation can not be discharged；
Step 8: according to geological radar monitoring device 1 obtained by step 5~step 7 and volumetric water content monitoring device 3,
The long term monitoring of specific resistance monitoring device 5 as a result, and laboratory test calibration result obtained by step 3, analysis moisture field space point
Cloth rule, Figure 18 are rammed earth moisture content at different depth (Z=1.0m, Z=2.0m, Z=3.0m) within the exterior wall of southern side in pedestal
The spatial distribution of short transverse, 0-14.75m be door opening on the left of base interior moisture content spatial distribution map, 20.75m-35.5m
Base interior moisture content spatial distribution map on the right side of door opening, the width of pedestal door opening are 6.0m, and pedestal overall width is 35.5m；
From the point of view of the space distribution rule of moisture field: after rainfall, the top moisture content for closing on pedestal exterior wall obviously compares base
Seat is internal high, and more to base interior core part, the moisture content of base bottom is compared with top height, it follows that the outer wall top of pedestal
Portion is susceptible to the influence of precipitation, and the saturation degree of base bottom is compared with top height, and after rainfall, moisture is migrated to pedestal deep.
Step 9: according to 2 monitoring result of surface wave monitoring device obtained by step 6, the macro of ancient building base construction disease is analyzed
Feature is seen, analyzes to obtain by step 6: the surface wave velocity of ancient building pedestal and the regularity of distribution of elasticity modulus, surface wave velocity point
Cloth unevenness reflects the otherness of ancient building pedestal degree of injury, the difference of elasticity modulus reflects the difference of its mechanical index
Property, its disease distribution feature is evaluated to be directly used in, elasticity modulus or surface wave velocity are bigger, then show ancient building base
The degree of injury of seat is lighter, on the contrary then more serious；
Step 10: according to Step 7: the analysis of step 8 and step 9 as a result, to ancient building pedestal water damage and Structural defect
Correlation is analyzed, and brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring is completed.
Water damage and Structural defect relationship for ancient building pedestal can be analyzed using qualitative method, and interior can also be used
Test method studies ancient building brick-soil structure by the damage mechanics feature under water damage corrosion function, such as Figure 19~Figure 21
It show masonry-rammed earth construction deterioration and softening feature mechanics experimental result, wherein Figure 19 is to damage under different damage factor D
Masonry curves of stress-strain relationship；Figure 20 is elasticity modulus and saturation degree relation curve；Figure 21 is Shear Strength Index and saturation
Spend relation curve；
Then finite element model is established using numerical analysis method again, the deterioration of analysis brick setting and rammed earth are softened by water erosion
Act on deformation and the stress characteristic of lower ancient building pedestal；Figure 22 is key analytical section local dip figure, and Figure 23 is key analytical
The tensile stress state of section responds, thus to judge the relationship of the two.A kind of brick clay ancient building pedestal proposed through the invention
Water damage monitors system and implementation method, be capable of system understand ancient building base interior and external water damage feature in time-space division
Cloth rule, the monitoring of the present embodiment water damage and analysis result are obtained as drawn a conclusion:
1. the inducement of ancient building pedestal water damage is rainfall, unrelated with flower bed pouring, at the top of pedestal following 2.0m rammed earth vulnerable to
Rainfall infiltration influences, and the oriented base bottom migration trend of moisture, it can be extrapolated that sea plasters following impervious barrier failure, rammed earth is because by water
Softening forms seepage channel；
2. rammed earth saturation degree is up to 60% within pedestal exterior wall 3.0m, base bottom saturation degree is up to 80%, and exterior wall is vulnerable to drop
Rain shadow is loud and the water damages phenomenons such as the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, scaling, infiltration occurs, as the aggregation of moisture is finally moved to the arch ring position of door opening
It moves, arch ring position forms the water damages such as scaling, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil under osmotic pressure.
3. establishing water damage using numerical analysis method causes the deterioration of brick-soil structure material or softening feature and in-service Gu
Build the relationship between the stress and deformation of pedestal, as a result think: rammed earth softening can induce ancient building pedestal " from top to bottom " production
Raw crack, masonry deterioration will lead to pedestal " from bottom to top " generation crack, and rammed earth softening effect is to the stability shadow of ancient building
Sound is bigger.
The present invention passes through setting geological radar monitoring device, surface wave monitoring device, volumetric water content monitoring device, underground water
Position monitoring device, specific resistance monitoring device and soil suction monitoring device, based on more couplings such as moisture field-electromagnetic field-acoustic wavefields
The in-situ monitoring analysis system implementation method of conjunction, can dynamically grasp the evolutionary process of ancient building base interior water environment comprehensively,
It is then based on the moisture field relationship of electromagnetic wave-sound wave-electric field scheduling theory system and rock soil medium, realizes further investigation ancient building base
The time space distribution of the internal water environment of seat, provides for the disease survey of ancient building pedestal, prediction and reparation and a set of scientific is
System monitoring and theoretical analysis method.
Claims (5)
1. brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system, which is characterized in that monitored including geological radar monitoring device (1), surface wave
Device (2), volumetric water content monitoring device (3), groundwater level monitoring device (4), specific resistance monitoring device (5) and soil suction
Monitoring device (6)；
The geological radar monitoring device (1) is for monitoring different volumes moisture content θwThe dielectric constant ζ of lower rammed earthrValue, can obtain
The back analysis of deep water branch；
The surface wave monitoring device (2) is used to monitor the surface wave velocity of rock soil medium with the regularity of distribution of depth, and can utilize face
Wave velocity of wave and shear wave velocity and Determination of Dynamic Elastic Modulus relationship carry out the elasticity mechanics parameter that inverse goes out structure, are directly used in macroscopic view and judge ground
The faulted condition of medium；
The volumetric water content monitoring device (3) uses time domain reflection technology, for monitoring the volumetric water content of soil；
The groundwater level monitoring device (4) can judge underground water to research pair indirectly for describing Variation Regular of Groundwater Levels
The influence degree of elephant；
The specific resistance monitoring device (5) uses soil resistivity tester, and for monitoring the resistivity of soil, reflection is native indirectly
Internal portion's hole liquid hold-up and Transport；
The soil suction monitoring device (6) reflects inside soil body moisture content for monitoring inside soil body dry and wet state indirectly
With the matric potential of soil, source and the trend of moisture are judged.
2. brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system implementation method, which is characterized in that specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: the bulk to ancient building pedestal carries out preliminary surveying, according to the practical outer of ancient building pedestal disease distribution
Situation is seen, chooses disease position as layout of the monitoring points position；
Step 2: choosing the position influenced on ancient building pedestal vulnerable to external environment lays monitoring point, it is right after the completion of to be monitored
All monitoring points for generating micro-damage carry out original sample reparation；
Step 3: carrying out field sampling for rammed earth in ancient building pedestal ground, soil-water characteristic curve, the resistance of rammed earth body are determined
Functional relation between rate and dielectric constant and volumetric water content；
Step 4: carrying out mini-drill on ancient building pedestal, laid in mini-drill volumetric water content monitoring device (3)
The probe of probe and soil suction monitoring device (6)；Specific resistance monitoring device (5) are laid in rammed earth inside the ancient building door opening
Probe；Groundwater level monitoring device (4) are laid in subsoil on the outside of the ancient building pedestal；
Step 5: geological radar monitoring device (1) survey line is laid in medial and lateral respectively at the top of ancient building pedestal, positioned inside
Geological radar monitoring device (1) survey line is vertically distributed for detecting base central position rammer soil moisture field, positioned at the ground in outside
The moisture field that matter radar monitoring device (1) survey line is used to detect the rammed earth layer close to exterior wall position is vertically distributed；
Geological radar monitoring device (1) survey is laid along in base bottom upwards different elevations on the exterior wall of ancient building pedestal
Line, moisture field horizontal direction and the moisture field of vertical direction for monitoring rammed earth layer in ancient building pedestal are spatially distributed
Otherness；
Step 6: being filled with laying surface wave monitoring on geological radar monitoring device described in step 5 (1) consistent direction of survey line
(2) monitoring point is set, surface wave monitoring device (2) monitoring point is laid respectively at left and right sides of door opening, surface wave prison is laid right above door opening
Device (2) monitoring point is surveyed, surface wave monitoring device (2) survey line of ancient building pedestal inside top is for monitoring ancient building base interior
The degradation characteristic of rammed earth in the depth direction, ancient building pedestal top outer surface wave monitoring device (2) survey line is for understanding masonry
The damage feature of structure outer in the height direction；
Step 7: according to volumetric water content monitoring device (3) in step 4, the monitoring result of specific resistance monitoring device (5) and its
The functional relation obtained in step 3, the Evolution of analysis ancient building base interior moisture field at any time；
Step 8: according to geological radar monitoring device (1), volumetric water content monitoring device (3) and electricity in step 5~step 7
The long term monitoring of resistance rate monitoring device (5) as a result, and step 3 it is resulting as a result, analysis moisture field space distribution rule；
According to step 6 surface wave monitoring device (2) obtained monitoring result, the gross feature of base construction disease is analyzed；
Step 9: according to the analysis of step 7 and step 8 as a result, to ancient building pedestal water damage and Structural defect correlation into
Row analysis, completes brick-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring.
3. brick according to claim 2-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system implementation method, which is characterized in that
In the step 1: disease position includes the accumulation of salt in the surface soil on ancient building pedestal, weathering and erosion, scaling-off, decortication, percolating water or crack portion
Position.
4. brick according to claim 3-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system implementation method, which is characterized in that institute
The functional relation stated in step 3 is obtained using following steps:
The first step, the soil-water characteristic curve that rammed earth is described with the classical formulas of Fredlund-Xing proposition:
In formula (1): θwFor volumetric water content (%), θsFor saturated volume moisture content (%), Ψ is matric suction (kPa), a be with
The related parameter of air-entry value (kPa), b are the parameters related with soil body rate of water loss after matric suction is greater than air-entry value；
Second step, the electricalresistivityρ of rammed earth and volumetric water content θwFunctional relation is described using Archie model:
Parameter a in formula (2)0、b0It is related with filling's dry density is rammed；
Third step surveys different volumes moisture content θ based on geological radar monitoring device (1)wThe permittivity ε of lower rammed earthrValue, is adopted
With polynomial fitting method, the θ similar to Topp formula is obtainedw-εrFit correlation:
θw=A ε3 r+Bε2 r+Cεr+D (3)；
In formula (3), parameter A, B, C, D are a large amount of real according to volumetric water content monitoring device (3) and geological radar monitoring device (1)
The fitting parameter measured.
5. brick as claimed in claim 4-soil ancient building pedestal disease monitoring system implementation method, which is characterized in that described
In step 4: the aperture of mini-drill is not more than 30mm.
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| CN109142118B (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-07-31 | 长沙理工大学 | Roadbed soil dynamic resilience modulus estimation method based on state variables and stress variables |
| CN115327074B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2024-06-11 | 长沙理工大学 | Method for determining coarse-grained soil matrix suction force based on dielectric constant |
| CN117686686B (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-06-21 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | System and method for monitoring clay shrinkage crack development in drought environment |
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