A kind of ultrasonic survey pin device of self calibration and measuring method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of measurement and test, more particularly to a kind of ultrasonic survey pin device of self calibration and measuring method.
Background technology
Survey pin method is applied to the stable soil loss on slope land observation of scattered earthy deposit formation.This method concrete operations
For:To domatic regular some thin prickers of insertion to be measured, common survey pin cloth is set to 3 × 39 survey pin square formations, on pricker is inserted
The position that mark maintains an equal level with upper soll layer, as original height point, the thickness of artificial periodic observation surface soil layer reduction calculates soil
The soil erosion amount related datas such as the earth erosion amount of invading.This method requires that survey crew periodically reaches the spot and checks the state of plug in pricker, people
Work measures the earth's surface reduction thickness of every plug in pricker, and this method takes time and effort and destructible slope stability.
If water and soil conservation specialty is combined with measuring technology, using supersonic sounding principle as theoretical foundation, automatic monitoring ground
Table reduces thickness, you can solve this problem.Supersonic sounding principle utilizes ultrasonic wave in communication process, high directivity, energy
Consumption is slow, and the characteristic of back wave can be produced by running into body surface, and the emission time and back wave for detecting ripple reach the equipment moment
Time interval, it is theoretical according to ultrasonic propagation, so that it may to calculate the distance between equipment and body surface.In practical application,
Ultrasonic velocity difference under various circumstances, can not ignore in the case where ensureing certain accuracy.General, really
The environment values such as temperature, humidity, air pressure during location survey amount, accurate ultrasonic velocity is can obtain by mathematical modeling amendment, but
Increase these environment measuring apparatus on survey pin so that survey pin is excessively complicated and add installation cost.Utilized therefore, research and development are a kind of
Survey pin method measures the automated watch-keeping facility of soil erosion amount, it is to avoid traditional survey pin method takes time and effort and destructible slope stability
Drawback, the measurement apparatus and its method to environment values such as temperature, humidity, air pressure are avoided in the case where ensureing precision, is current
Urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ultrasonic survey pin device of self calibration and measuring method, to solve above-mentioned existing skill
The problem of in art.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved using following technical scheme:
A kind of ultrasonic survey pin device of self calibration, including survey pin bar;Survey pin bar top is fixed with ultrasonic transceiver module, survey pin
The standard reflecting plate fixed with ultrasonic transceiver module distance is additionally provided with bar.
Further, ultrasonic transceiver module includes single-chip microcomputer and ultrasonic transmission/reception special chip machine, ultrasonic wave transmitting electricity
Road, ultrasonic wave receiving circuit and ultrasonic transducer;Single-chip microcomputer and ultrasonic transmission/reception special chip machine connection ultrasonic wave transmitting electricity
The input on road and the output end of ultrasonic wave receiving circuit, the output end of ultrasonic wave transmitting circuit connect the control of ultrasonic transducer
End processed, the output end of ultrasonic transducer connects the input of ultrasonic wave receiving circuit;Standard reflecting plate is just to ultrasonic wave transducer
The side that device sends ultrasonic wave is set.
Further, single-chip microcomputer and ultrasonic transmission/reception special chip machine control ultrasonic wave as the main control chip of system
Launch with receiving, and when each ultrasonic wave is launched or receives, control timing as the propagation time of ultrasonic wave;Meanwhile, monolithic
Machine reserves RS485 interfaces, for data transfer.
Further, the model TDC1011 of ultrasonic transmission/reception special chip machine.
A kind of measuring method of the ultrasonic survey pin device of self calibration, comprises the following steps:The insertion of survey pin bar is to be measured domatic, ultrasound
Ripple transceiver module sends ultrasonic wave, and when ultrasonic propagation is to standard reflecting plate, ultrasonic wave is once returned, ultrasonic transceiver module
Receive the ultrasonic wave once returned;The ultrasonic propagation not returned to it is to be measured it is domatic it is secondary return, ultrasonic transceiver module connects
Receive the ultrasonic wave of secondary return;By the time to propagating twice, determine that the distance of secondary propagation measures ultrasonic transmission/reception
Module and domatic distance.
Further, the spacing between ultrasonic transceiver module and standard reflecting plate is Sn;What ultrasonic wave was returned for the first time
Time is standard time Tn;The time of second of return of ultrasonic wave is Tx, ultrasonic transceiver module is apart from domatic distance
Further, according to the time gradient of setting, monitoring ultrasonic transceiver module is repeated apart from domatic distance, is passed through
The difference of measurement data calculates the thickness information of the position soil erosion amount twice.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1st, the self calibration of test is realized using secondary reflection principle, in the case of without surveying environment value, is obtained accurately
Ultrasonic velocity, makes survey pin simple in construction, with low cost;
2nd, model of the measurement distance in 30-70cm is being ensured to 112kHZ by the driving frequency that properly increases ultrasonic probe
In enclosing, the measurement error of soil erosion amount is improved within 0.3mm, it is ensured that measurement accuracy;
3rd, by data transfer, the cost of labor of traditional measurement is saved, it is to avoid cause destruction slope because trampling during artificial reading
Face stability and the monitoring error brought;
4th, ultrasound emission, reception ranging is built using technical grade monolithic and TDC1011 ultrasonic transmission/reception special chips mechanism to put down
Platform;
5th, the driving frequency of ultrasonic probe is properly increased, measurement accuracy is improved on the basis of measurement range is ensured;
6th, the automatic calibration of velocity of sound monitoring is realized using principle of reflection twice;
7th, realize that data are transmitted automatically using RS485 interfaces.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing further understanding the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the ultrasonic survey pin structure drawing of device of self calibration;
Fig. 2 is the measuring method flow chart of the ultrasonic survey pin device of self calibration.
Reference:
1st, survey pin bar;2nd, ultrasonic transceiver module;3rd, standard reflecting plate;4th, single-chip microcomputer and TDC1011 ultrasonic transmission/receptions are special
Use chip machine;5th, ultrasonic wave transmitting circuit;6th, ultrasonic wave receiving circuit;7th, ultrasonic transducer;8th, it is to be measured domatic;9th, it is ultrasonic
Ripple.
Embodiment
It is right with reference to case study on implementation and accompanying drawing for the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood
The present invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment and its explanation of the invention is only used for explaining the present invention, not
It is used as limitation of the invention.
Refer to shown in Fig. 1, the ultrasonic survey pin device of a kind of self calibration of the invention, including survey pin bar 1, a ultrasonic transmission/reception
Module 2 and standard reflecting plate 3.Ultrasonic transceiver module 2 is connected on survey pin bar 1 with standard reflecting plate 3, ultrasonic transceiver module
2 with standard reflecting plate 3 apart from fixation.Wherein, single-chip microcomputer and TDC1011 ultrasonic transmission/receptions are provided with ultrasonic transceiver module 2
Special chip 4, ultrasonic wave transmitting circuit 5, ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 6 and ultrasonic transducer 7.Single-chip microcomputer and TDC1011 ultrasounds
Ripple transmitting-receiving special chip machine 4 connects the input of ultrasonic wave transmitting circuit 5 and the output end of ultrasonic wave receiving circuit 6, ultrasonic wave
The output end of radiating circuit 5 connects the control end of ultrasonic transducer 7, and the output end connection ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic transducer 7 connects
Receive the input of circuit 6;The side that standard reflecting plate 3 is just sending ultrasonic wave to ultrasonic transducer 7 is set.
Standard reflecting plate 3 combines structure ultrasound emission with ultrasonic transceiver module 2, receives ranging platform, realizes test ginseng
Number automatic calibration function, it is to avoid test environment disturbs the influence to ultrasonic wave.
When the ultrasonic survey pin device of self calibration, which is used for soil erosion amount, to be monitored, survey pin bar 1 is first inserted to be measured domatic 8, according to
According to soil types and the difference of site environment, determine that the present apparatus inserts the depth on ground, to ensure that device is steady during monitoring
It is qualitative.
First, one-shot measurement is carried out, single-chip microcomputer and the control radiating circuit 5 of TDC1011 ultrasonic transmission/reception special chips machine 4 lead to
Cross ultrasonic transducer 7 and send ultrasonic wave 9, when ultrasonic wave 9 travels to standard reflecting plate 3, ultrasonic wave 9 is once returned, ultrasonic wave
Transducer 7 receives once return ultrasonic wave 9, is returned to single-chip microcomputer by receiving circuit 6 and TDC1011 ultrasonic transmission/receptions are special
Chip machine 4;
The ultrasonic wave 9 not returned is secondary after traveling to be measured domatic 8 to be returned, and ultrasonic transducer 7 receives secondary return
Ultrasonic wave 9, then single-chip microcomputer and TDC1011 ultrasonic transmission/reception special chips machine 4 are returned to by receiving circuit 6.Because standard is anti-
The distance for penetrating plate 3 and ultrasonic transceiver module 2 is certain, and the ultrasonic velocity propagated twice is identical, then when by propagating twice
Between determination, can obtain the distance of secondary propagation with measuring ultrasonic transceiver module 2 and sample domatic distance.
In soil erosion amount monitoring, by measured again after the time gradient of determination ultrasonic transceiver module 2 with
The domatic distance in sample ground.Data are reached by host computer by RS485 communications, the position can be calculated by the difference of measurement data twice
Put the information such as the thickness of soil erosion amount.
The present invention utilizes supersonic sounding principle monitoring soil and water loss amount related data, then realizes data by RS485 communications
Transmission, system is calculated automatically from the related datas such as soil erosion amount.The present apparatus is that ultrasonic receiving device is placed in into survey pin
Top, in the intermediate distance ultrasonic receiving device S of prickernOne piece of standard reflecting plate is placed at distance, works as ultrasonic transmission device
When launching ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic propagation to standard reflecting plate is returned for the first time, measures standard time Tn;The ultrasonic wave not returned is passed
The domatic rear secondary return of measurement is multicast to, two-way time T is measuredx, then ultrasonic receiving device is apart from domatic distance
The automatic monitoring of survey pin method monitoring soil and water loss amount has been achieved in that it, it is to avoid traditional survey pin method takes time and effort and easily
The drawbacks of destroying slope stability;By the realization of secondary reflection principle, avoided in the case where ensureing precision to temperature, wet
The calculating of the environment values such as degree, air pressure, it is ensured that ultrasonic survey pin is simple in construction, with low cost.
Above-described embodiment, has been carried out further to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Describe in detail, should be understood that the embodiment that the foregoing is only the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc. all should be included
Within protection scope of the present invention.