CN107174266A - X-ray collimator for CT scanner - Google Patents
X-ray collimator for CT scanner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107174266A CN107174266A CN201710504821.2A CN201710504821A CN107174266A CN 107174266 A CN107174266 A CN 107174266A CN 201710504821 A CN201710504821 A CN 201710504821A CN 107174266 A CN107174266 A CN 107174266A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fixed block
- straight trough
- ray
- passage
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000333 X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/06—Diaphragms
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of x-ray collimator for CT scanner, including mutually opposing left fixed block and right fixed block, it is left, the opposite side of right fixed block is plane and is parallel to each other, the left fixed block is towards being arranged at intervals with a plurality of straight trough in the plane of right fixed block, the X-ray direction of the bearing of trend with X-ray emitter directive of each bar straight trough straight trough is consistent, the right fixed block is towards being equally arranged at intervals with a plurality of straight trough in the plane of left fixed block, straight trough on left fixed block and straight trough on right fixed block are just right one by one, one piece of sheet metal is provided between any pair of straight trough facing each other, the two ends of the sheet metal are respectively engaged with correspondence straight trough, formed between the two metal sheets of arbitrary neighborhood and be available for the first passage that X-ray is passed through.In above-mentioned collimater, all sheet metals and metal spacer need not carry out cutting processing, and whole collimator structure is simple, easy to process, have good barrier effect to X-ray scattering, refraction light.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of x-ray collimator for CT scanner.
Background technology
CT is " computed tomography machine " English (Computed Tomography) abbreviation, is electronic computer
It is combined with X-ray, is applied to the important breakthrough of medical domain, it makes traditional radiodiagnosis technology enter at computer
The New Times that reason, television image are shown.Therefore CT inventor hounsfield has won Nobel Prize in medicine.1971 in the world
First CT is made, and is only applied to cranium brain inspection, works well.Be made within 1974 whole body CT, examination scope be expanded to chest, abdomen,
Backbone and four limbs.CT machines show cross section picture, it is to avoid overlapping；Density resolution is high, image clearly；Method is easy, rapid, noninvasive
Wound, no pain, without danger, thus be widely applied, promote the development of Medical Imaging.
Multi-layer spiral CT machine is the important breakthrough in CT machine development histories, and multi-detector technology is its core.Its work
Principle is to send X-ray from the X-ray emitter of CT machines to X-ray detector, and X-ray is by occurring decay (part X after human body
Ray is stopped by human body), the x-ray photon after decay enters detector, and x-ray photon is converted to telecommunications by X-ray detector
Number, it is then sent to data collecting system (DAS) and carries out signal amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, then delivers to reconstruction unit progress image reconstruction.
Detector is typically made up of several little modules, and each little module turns according to the power of its X-ray received
Change different electric signals into, reconstruction unit is by a large amount of electric signals sent by each little module for receiving, with reference to little module
Position, image is rebuild, in theory one little module of correspondence per beam of x-rays, but be due to X-ray in way is propagated
Uncertain factor, often lead to X-ray occur scattering, refraction situations such as, cause the beam line enter other little modules in,
So that the X-ray intensity that other little modules are obtained is inaccurate, its result causes the image blurring unclear of reconstruction unit reconstruction.
In order to avoid it is above-mentioned the occurrence of, an x-ray collimator would generally be set on CT machines, application publication number is
" 103310867A ", patent name disclose one for the patent of " manufacture method, collimater and the X ray CT device of collimater "
Collimater is planted, but this collimater is complicated, difficulty of processing is big, and processing cost is too high.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：Offer one kind is simple in construction, easy to process, X-ray is scattered, reflected
Light has the x-ray collimator for CT scanner that good barrier is acted on.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：For the x-ray collimator of CT scanner,
Including mutually opposing left fixed block and right fixed block, the opposite side of left and right fixed block is plane and is parallel to each other, described
Left fixed block occurs towards a plurality of straight trough, bearing of trend and the X-ray of each bar straight trough is arranged at intervals with the plane of right fixed block
The X-ray direction of the device directive straight trough is consistent, and the right fixed block is more towards being equally arranged at intervals with the plane of left fixed block
Bar straight trough, straight trough on left fixed block is just right one by one with straight trough on right fixed block, and any pair facing each other
One piece of sheet metal is provided between straight trough, the two ends of the sheet metal are respectively engaged with correspondence straight trough, two metals of arbitrary neighborhood
Formed between piece and be available for the first passage that X-ray is passed through.
X-ray is respectively coated as a kind of preferred scheme, on the forward surface of arbitrary neighborhood two metal sheets transparent
A plurality of straight trough, bearing of trend and the X-ray emitter directive of each bar straight trough are arranged at intervals with alignment layers, each alignment layers
The X-ray direction of the straight trough is consistent, and the straight trough on the alignment layers of same first passage both sides is just right one by one, and any first leads to
The quantity metal spacer consistent with straight trough quantity on the first passage side alignment layers, metal spacer and sheet metal are provided with road
It is mutually perpendicular to, the two ends of metal spacer are plugged in the straight trough of first passage both sides respectively, each in same first passage
The first passage is divided into separate multiple second channels by metal spacer.
As a kind of preferred scheme, one piece of transparent fixation of X-ray is additionally provided between the left and right fixed block
Plate, the fixed plate is covered in one end of first passage, fixes and bonds with the edge of the sheet metal, and left end and the left side of fixed plate are consolidated
Determine that block is fixed, the right-hand member of fixed plate and right fixed block are fixed.
As a kind of preferred scheme, the fixed plate is carbon fiber board, is fixed on side of the sheet metal towards detector.
As a kind of preferred scheme, the material of the sheet metal and metal spacer is tungsten.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：All sheet metals and metal spacer need not carry out cutting processing, whole collimater
It is simple in construction, easy to process, to X-ray scattering, refraction light there is good barrier effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the top view of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the front view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the first arrangement architecture figure of straight trough on left fixed block；
Fig. 4 is second of arrangement architecture figure of straight trough on left fixed block.
In Fig. 1~Fig. 4：1st, left fixed block, 2, right fixed block, 3, straight trough, 4, sheet metal, 5, first passage, 6, alignment layers,
7th, metal spacer, 8, second channel, 9, fixed plate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
The x-ray collimator for CT scanner as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, including mutually opposing left fixed block 1 and the right side
Fixed block 2, the opposite side of left and right fixed block 1,2 is plane and is parallel to each other, and the left fixed block 1 is towards right fixed block 2
Plane on be arranged at intervals with a plurality of straight trough 3, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the bearing of trend of each bar straight trough 3 is penetrated with X-ray emitter
It is consistent to the X-ray direction of the straight trough 3, wherein, the X-ray direction in Fig. 3 is consistent, and therefore, the straight trough 3 in Fig. 3 is parallel to each other,
X-ray in Fig. 4 is projected from same origin, in diffusion type, therefore, there is certain drift angle between the straight trough 3 in Fig. 3.
The right fixed block 2 is straight on left fixed block 1 towards a plurality of straight trough 3 is equally arranged at intervals with the plane of left fixed block 1
Groove 3 and the straight trough 3 being located on right fixed block 2 are just right one by one, and one block of metal is provided between any pair of straight trough 3 facing each other
Piece 4, the two ends of the sheet metal 4 are respectively engaged with correspondence straight trough 3, are formed between the two metal sheets 4 of arbitrary neighborhood and are available for X-ray
The first passage 5 passed through.
Above-mentioned sheet metal 4 need not carry out cutting processing, and whole collimator structure is simple, easy to process, X-ray is dissipated
Penetrate, reflect light there is good barrier effect, complete sheet metal 4 has good physical property, is not likely to produce deformation, and surface is put down
Whole degree is easily controlled.
The transparent alignment layers 6 of X-ray, each positioning have been respectively coated on the forward surface of arbitrary neighborhood two metal sheets 4
A plurality of straight trough 3, the X-ray of the bearing of trend Yu X-ray emitter directive of each bar straight trough 3 straight trough 3 are arranged at intervals with layer 6
Direction is consistent, and the straight trough 3 on the alignment layers 6 of the same both sides of first passage 5 is just right one by one, is set in any first passage 5
There are the quantity metal spacer 7 consistent with the quantity of straight trough 3 on the side alignment layers 6 of first passage 5, metal spacer 7 and the phase of sheet metal 4
Mutually vertical, the two ends of metal spacer 7 are plugged in the straight trough 3 of the both sides of first passage 5 respectively, in same first passage 5
The first passage 5 is divided into separate multiple second channels 8 by each metal spacer 7.
Sheet metal 4 is vertically arranged with metal spacer 7, is formed and is stopped X-ray scattering, the two-dimensional structure of refraction light, by this
The form of kind, the area coverage for the collimater that can infinitely extend can effectively control width, the length of each second channel 8 again.
The transparent fixed plate 9 of one piece of X-ray is additionally provided between the left and right fixed block 1,2, the fixed plate 9 is covered
In one end of first passage 5, fix and bond with the edge of the sheet metal 4, the left end of fixed plate 9 is fixed with left fixed block 1 and taken
Connect, the right-hand member of fixed plate 9 and right fixed block 2 are fixed.
Fixed plate 9 is used to fix each sheet metal 4, metal spacer 7, improves sheet metal 4, the stability of metal spacer 7.
The fixed plate 9 is carbon fiber board, is fixed on side of the sheet metal 4 towards detector, and carbon fiber board intensity is high, X
Radiation transparent is good.
The material of the sheet metal 4 and metal spacer 7 is tungsten, and tungsten can fully absorb X-ray, prevent the scattering of X-ray
Light, refraction light are received by a detector again after being reflected.
The present invention operation principle be：When using collimater of the present invention, collimater is fixed on above detector,
Make first passage 5 or second channel 8 relative with detector, the first passage 5 can be with multiple detection little modules on detector
Relatively, the second channel can be relative with several continuously arranged little modules, when X-ray directive detector, if X is penetrated
Line occurs scattering or reflected, then scattered light or refraction light can deviate the original direction of X-ray, if drift angle is larger, X-ray
When by second channel 8, absorption can be intercepted by metal spacer 7 or sheet metal 5, so as to improve what detector was received
The purity and precision of X-ray, reduction detector little module are disturbed by mixed and disorderly X-ray, are reconstructed reconstruction unit and are clearly schemed
Picture.
Claims (5)
1. it is left and right for the x-ray collimator of CT scanner, including mutually opposing left fixed block (1) and right fixed block (2)
Fixed block (1,2) opposite side is plane and is parallel to each other, it is characterised in that the left fixed block (1) is towards right fixation
It is arranged at intervals with a plurality of straight trough (3) in the plane of block (2), this is straight for the bearing of trend and X-ray emitter directive of each bar straight trough (3)
The X-ray direction of groove (3) is consistent, and the right fixed block (2) is a plurality of towards being equally arranged at intervals with the plane of left fixed block (1)
Straight trough (3), straight trough (3) on left fixed block (1) and straight trough (3) on right fixed block (2) are just right one by one, any one
To being provided with one piece of sheet metal (4) between straight trough (3) facing each other, the two ends of the sheet metal (4) are respectively engaged with correspondence directly
Formed in groove (3), between the two metal sheets (4) of arbitrary neighborhood and be available for the first passage (5) that X-ray is passed through.
2. the x-ray collimator according to claim 1 for CT scanner, it is characterised in that the metal of arbitrary neighborhood two
It has been respectively coated on the transparent alignment layers of X-ray (6), each alignment layers (6) and has been arranged at intervals with the forward surface of piece (4)
A plurality of straight trough (3), the X-ray direction of the bearing of trend and X-ray emitter directive of each bar straight trough (3) straight trough (3) is consistent, position
It is just right one by one in the straight trough (3) on the alignment layers (6) of same first passage (5) both sides, it is provided with number in any first passage (5)
The amount metal spacer (7) consistent with straight trough (3) quantity on first passage (5) the side alignment layers (6), metal spacer (7) and gold
Category piece (4) is mutually perpendicular to, and the two ends of metal spacer (7) are plugged in the straight trough (3) of first passage (5) both sides respectively, positioned at same
The first passage (5) is divided into separate multiple second channels (8) by each metal spacer (7) in one first passage (5).
3. according to any described x-ray collimator for CT scanner of claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the left side,
One piece of transparent fixed plate of X-ray (9) is additionally provided between right fixed block (1,2), the fixed plate (9) is covered in first passage
(5) one end, fixes with the edge of the sheet metal (4) and bonds, the left end and left fixed block (1) of fixed plate (9) are fixed,
The right-hand member of fixed plate (9) and right fixed block (2) are fixed.
4. the x-ray collimator according to claim 3 for CT scanner, it is characterised in that the fixed plate (9) is
Carbon fiber board, is fixed on sheet metal (4) towards the side of detector.
5. according to any described x-ray collimator for CT scanner of claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the metal
The material of piece (4) and metal spacer (7) is tungsten.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710504821.2A CN107174266B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | X-ray collimator for CT scanner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710504821.2A CN107174266B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | X-ray collimator for CT scanner |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107174266A true CN107174266A (en) | 2017-09-19 |
| CN107174266B CN107174266B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
Family
ID=59844947
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710504821.2A Active CN107174266B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | X-ray collimator for CT scanner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107174266B (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001318154A (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-16 | Shimadzu Corp | Radiation detector and its manufacturing method, and data correcting method for x-ray ct device |
| US20040052332A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-18 | Banchieri Andrew J. | X-ray collimator and a method of making an x-ray collimator |
| US20050017182A1 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-01-27 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Registered collimator device for nuclear imaging camera and method of forming the same |
| CN1682318A (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2005-10-12 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for alignment of anti-scatter grids for computed tomography detector arrays |
| CN101964217A (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-02-02 | 西门子公司 | Method for producing a 2D collimator element and 2D collimator element |
| US20120087462A1 (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-12 | Abdelaziz Ikhlef | Hybrid collimator for x-rays and method of making same |
| CN103845066A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-06-11 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | X-ray anti-scatter grid lattice structure, detector device and medical image system |
| CN203935195U (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-11-12 | 上海瑞钼特金属新材料有限公司 | Anti-scatter devices for CT machine ray detector |
-
2017
- 2017-06-28 CN CN201710504821.2A patent/CN107174266B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001318154A (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-16 | Shimadzu Corp | Radiation detector and its manufacturing method, and data correcting method for x-ray ct device |
| US20040052332A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-18 | Banchieri Andrew J. | X-ray collimator and a method of making an x-ray collimator |
| CN1682318A (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2005-10-12 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for alignment of anti-scatter grids for computed tomography detector arrays |
| US20050017182A1 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-01-27 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Registered collimator device for nuclear imaging camera and method of forming the same |
| CN101964217A (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-02-02 | 西门子公司 | Method for producing a 2D collimator element and 2D collimator element |
| US20120087462A1 (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-12 | Abdelaziz Ikhlef | Hybrid collimator for x-rays and method of making same |
| CN103845066A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-06-11 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | X-ray anti-scatter grid lattice structure, detector device and medical image system |
| CN203935195U (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-11-12 | 上海瑞钼特金属新材料有限公司 | Anti-scatter devices for CT machine ray detector |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107174266B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1711052B (en) | Apparatus and method for cone beam volume computed tomography breast imaging | |
| US9339243B2 (en) | Image guided radiotherapy with dual source and dual detector arrays tetrahedron beam computed tomography | |
| JP3449561B2 (en) | X-ray CT system | |
| CN1151211A (en) | Dedecated apparatus and method for emission breast X-ray examination | |
| US8553835B2 (en) | Computed tomography scanners, x-ray filters and methods thereof | |
| DE10317140A1 (en) | Multi-modality x-ray and nuclear medical mammography imaging system and method | |
| JP2004000734A (en) | Improved using method for x-ray ct apparatus | |
| Star‐Lack et al. | A piecewise‐focused high DQE detector for MV imaging | |
| CN104458771B (en) | Linear track tomography device and perspective imaging device | |
| CN107427271A (en) | X-ray imaging device | |
| GB2510973A (en) | CT apparatus without gantry | |
| JP2009509133A (en) | Grating for selective absorption of electromagnetic radiation and method of manufacturing the same | |
| CN1575761A (en) | System and method for scanning an object in tomosynthesis applications | |
| CN104853679A (en) | Radiation beam intensity profile shaper | |
| CN109793997A (en) | Imaging device and imaging method for radiotherapy | |
| US7756244B2 (en) | Systems and methods for determining object position | |
| CN111297386B (en) | CT data positioning method | |
| Chen et al. | Dual resolution cone beam breast CT: A feasibility study | |
| US6803580B2 (en) | Pet and spect systems with attenuation correction | |
| US20050023473A1 (en) | System and method for reducing optical crosstalk in multi-anode photomultiplier tube | |
| CN207604954U (en) | X-ray collimator for CT scanner | |
| CN107174266A (en) | X-ray collimator for CT scanner | |
| US20140205065A1 (en) | Radiation generator, anti-scatter grid, and radiation imaging apparatus including at least one of the same | |
| CN104095643A (en) | X-ray imaging device | |
| WO2020133400A1 (en) | Tomography and image-guided radiotherapy device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |