CN107169685A

CN107169685A - Real-time requirement response reward determines method and apparatus in a kind of intelligent grid

Info

Publication number: CN107169685A
Application number: CN201710542252.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李义常; 刘驰
Original assignee: Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Current assignee: Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Priority date: 2017-07-05
Filing date: 2017-07-05
Publication date: 2017-09-15

Abstract

Method and apparatus are determined the embodiments of the invention provide real-time requirement response reward in a kind of intelligent grid, methods described includes：Obtain wholesale electricity price and zero potential energy in real time；The Spot Price and the zero potential energy based on acquisition, calculate multiple candidate's reward rates；Show the multiple candidate's reward rate, and electric load abatement amount corresponding with each candidate's reward rate；Determine selected electric load reduction；It is determined that using candidate's reward rate corresponding to selected electric load reduction by obtained profit；From candidate's reward rate corresponding to selected electric load reduction, candidate's reward rate of maximum profit is defined as optimal reward, and show.Using this method and device to realize by adjusting reward rate, the electric load reduction capacity of electricity consumption user is transferred.

Description

Real-time demand response reward determination method and device in smart power grid

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent power grid demand response, in particular to a method and a device for determining real-time demand response rewards in an intelligent power grid.

Background

As renewable energy generation capacity increases, real-time generation capacity in the grid becomes less controllable. Therefore, countries such as europe and the united states propose a demand side electricity utilization regulating method, that is, dynamic electricity price or reward is issued to electricity utilization users through the bidirectional real-time communication capability of a smart grid, and the electricity demand of the electricity utilization users is adjusted to change along with the change of the power generation capability, so as to achieve the purposes of balancing electricity supply and demand and improving economic benefit.

With the rapid increase of the power generation capacity ratio of the renewable energy sources, the real-time power generation capacity is difficult to control. In order to make the power grid operate stably, the management of the power demand side needs to be strengthened. Therefore, the demand-responsive power load adjustment method will be widely used.

The Demand Response (Demand Response) means that when the real-time power wholesale market price is too high or the system reliability is threatened, the electricity consumer changes its inherent usual electricity mode after receiving a direct compensation notification of an inductive reduction load or an electric power price increase signal from a power supplier, and responds to the electric power supply by reducing or shifting the electricity load for a certain period of time, thereby ensuring the stability of the power grid and suppressing the short-term behavior of the increase of the electricity price.

The smart grid scene is that when the demand of electricity is too high and the power supply is insufficient in the grid, the power supplier provides rewards for the electricity users with reduced electricity, and the mode is called incentive type demand response.

At present, based on a smart grid scenario, a method for implementing reward-type demand response has been proposed, and the method includes: reporting response potential by a pre-participating user, wherein the response potential comprises two indexes of capacity reduction and duration; predicting the reduction capacity and reporting the number of power consumption users according to the annual event, setting a response capacity threshold value by a power retailer, and passing verification and signing when the response capacity is higher than the threshold value; during the demand response event, reasonably arranging demand response resources of the electricity utilization user side by the electricity retailer based on a secondary scheduling model so as to achieve a set reduction target; and calculating a fixed reward rate according to the response performance of each event of the electricity utilization users in the contract period, and calculating and distributing the electricity compensation and capacity fee of each electricity utilization user according to the fixed reward rate. However, this method only publishes a fixed reward rate, and thus cannot adjust the magnitude of the reward rate to move the power load reduction capacity of the electricity consumer.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a real-time demand response reward determining method and device in a smart grid, so that the power load reduction capacity of a power consumer can be mobilized by adjusting a reward rate.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a real-time demand response reward determination method in a smart grid, the method comprising:

acquiring real-time wholesale electricity prices and retail electricity prices;

calculating a plurality of candidate reward rates based on the acquired real-time electricity price and the retail electricity price, wherein the candidate reward rates are rewards provided for electricity consumption reduced by preset electricity quantity, and the candidate reward rates are larger than zero and smaller than a difference value obtained by subtracting the retail electricity price from the real-time wholesale electricity price;

presenting the plurality of candidate award rates and the amount of power load reduction corresponding to each candidate award rate;

determining a selected power load reduction amount;

determining a profit to be obtained using the candidate award rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount;

and determining the candidate reward rate with the maximum profit as the optimal reward from the candidate reward rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying the optimal reward.

Further, after determining the candidate bonus rate with the largest profit as the optimal bonus among the candidate bonus rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying the determined candidate bonus rates, the method further includes:

calculating rewards for participating users, wherein the participating users are electricity users that select candidate demand response reward rates.

Further, the calculating of the reward of the participating user includes:

calculating the profit difference delta P per hour when there is a reward-type demand response event and when there is no reward-type demand response event;

calculating an award amount I for the participating user according to the following expression_EndUser,i；

The expression is as follows:

wherein η is the profit ratio, η is less than or equal to 1, k is the total number of participating users, i is the number of participating users,in order to participate in the matching rate of the actual completion of the power load reduction amount of the user, to reduce the actual value of the electrical load for the participating users,and power reduction amount corresponding to the reward rate I for different candidate demand responses and enabling the participating users to increase profits.

Further, the method further comprises:

obtaining actual values of participating users for reducing electrical loads

Calculating the Reward amount of the participation user obtained by reducing the electric load according to the following expression_EndUser,i，

Expression:

judgment ofWhether it is greater than zero;

if not, Reward the award amount_EndUser,iThe information is issued to the participating users in a preset mode;

if so, the prize amount I_EndUser,iAnd Reward_EndUser,iAnd the information is issued to the participating users in a preset mode.

Further, the calculating a plurality of candidate award rates based on the acquired real-time electricity prices and the retail electricity prices includes:

calculating an hourly profit for the non-rewarding demand response event according to the following expression;

expression:

wherein k is the total number of participating users, and i is for participationThe number of the users is increased,for the retail electricity rate of the t-th hour,for the electricity usage of the ith participating user at the t hour,for wholesale electricity prices before the day of the tth hour,in order to purchase the electricity quantity according to the daily wholesale electricity price within the tth hour,is the real-time wholesale electricity price of the t hour,the electricity purchasing quantity is purchased according to the real-time wholesale electricity price in the t hour;

calculate the profit P per hour when a rewarding-type demand response event is provided according to the following expression₂；

Expression:

wherein,for the decreased power usage of the ith participating user during the t hour,

calculating P according to the following expression₁And P₂The difference Δ P of (d);

expression:

according toTo obtainWherein n +1 is a division area of the candidate demand response reward rate I, n is a natural number, and p is a natural number from 1 to n.

Further, the determining the profit to be obtained using the candidate award rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount includes:

obtaining a corresponding candidate demand response reward rate according to the selected power load reduction amount;

an hourly profit difference is determined for the time when the rewarding-type demand response event is provided and for the time when the rewarding-type demand response event is absent.

Further, the determining, as the optimal bonus, the candidate bonus rate with the largest profit from among the candidate bonus rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying includes:

determining a candidate demand response award rate corresponding to when the difference between the hourly profit when the reward-type demand response event is provided and the hourly profit when the reward-type demand response event is absent takes a maximum value, from the corresponding candidate demand response award rates;

and determining the candidate reward rate corresponding to the maximum profit difference as the optimal reward and displaying.

A real-time demand response reward determination apparatus in a smart grid, the apparatus comprising:

the real-time electricity price acquisition module is used for acquiring real-time wholesale electricity prices and retail electricity prices;

a candidate demand response reward rate module, configured to calculate a plurality of candidate reward rates based on the obtained real-time electricity price and the retail electricity price, where the candidate reward rate is a reward provided for each electricity consumption reduced by a preset amount of electricity, and the candidate reward rate is greater than zero and smaller than a difference between the real-time wholesale electricity price and the retail electricity price;

the display information module is used for displaying the candidate reward rates and the power load reduction amount corresponding to each candidate reward rate;

a first determining module for determining the selected power load reduction amount;

a second determining module for determining a profit to be obtained using the candidate award rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount;

and the optimal reward module is used for determining the candidate reward rate with the maximum profit as the optimal reward from the candidate reward rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying the optimal reward.

Further, the candidate demand response award rate module includes:

the non-rewarding type profit calculating submodule is used for calculating the profit per hour when the non-rewarding type demand responds to the event according to the following expression;

expression:

wherein k is the total number of the participating users, i is the number of the participating users,for the retail electricity rate of the t-th hour,for the electricity usage of the ith participating user at the t hour,for wholesale electricity prices before the day of the tth hour,in order to purchase the electricity quantity according to the daily wholesale electricity price within the tth hour,is the real-time wholesale electricity price of the t hour,the electricity purchasing quantity is purchased according to the real-time wholesale electricity price in the t hour;

a rewarded calculated profit submodule for calculating a profit per hour P when a rewarded demand response event is provided according to the following expression₂；

Expression:

a first difference submodule for calculating P according to the expression₁And P₂The difference Δ P of (d);

expression:

candidate demand response award rate acquisition submodule for rootAccording toTo obtainWherein n +1 is a division area of the candidate demand response reward rate I, n is a natural number, and p is a natural number from 1 to n.

Further, the second determining module includes:

the candidate demand response reward rate submodule is used for acquiring a corresponding candidate demand response reward rate according to the selected power load reduction amount;

a profit determination submodule for determining a profit per hour when a bonus-type demand response event is provided and a profit difference per hour when no bonus-type demand response event is provided.

According to the method and the device for determining the real-time demand response reward in the smart grid, provided by the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of candidate reward rates can be calculated based on the acquired real-time electricity price and the retail electricity price, and the candidate reward rates and the power load reduction amount corresponding to each candidate reward rate are displayed; determining a selected power load reduction amount; determining a profit to be obtained using the candidate award rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount; and determining the candidate reward rate with the maximum profit as the optimal reward from the candidate reward rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying the optimal reward. The method realizes the purpose of transferring the power load reduction capacity of the electricity users by adjusting the reward rate, and in addition, the method not only provides a reward method for reducing the power load, but also provides a pricing method for providing power data for the electricity users. Of course, it is not necessary for any product or method of practicing the invention to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a first method for determining a real-time demand response reward in a smart grid according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a second method for determining real-time demand response rewards in a smart grid according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a real-time demand response reward determination method in a third smart grid according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a fourth method for determining real-time demand response rewards in a smart grid according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a device for determining real-time demand response rewards in a smart grid according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, the steps involved in the real-time demand response reward determination method in the smart grid provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be performed only by the terminal of the power retailer, or may be performed by the management terminal of the power market. The real-time demand response reward determination method in the smart grid provided by the embodiment of the invention is described below by combining the two situations.

Fig. 1 is a first method for determining a real-time demand response reward in a smart grid according to an embodiment of the present application, where the method includes:

s101, acquiring real-time wholesale electricity prices and retail electricity prices;

the real-time wholesale refers to that electricity prices are issued in real time in a real-time electricity wholesale market, and it can be understood that the electricity prices at each moment may be different and changed; the real-time electric power wholesale market can be understood as a balance market in which safe and stable operation of an electric power system and electric energy quality need to be traded in real time, namely the real-time electric power wholesale market;

the retail price is a retail price of electricity sold to the electricity consumer.

S102, calculating a plurality of candidate reward rates based on the acquired real-time electricity price and the retail electricity price, wherein the candidate reward rates are rewards provided for electricity consumption with each reduced preset amount of electricity, and the candidate reward rates are larger than zero and smaller than a difference value obtained by subtracting the retail electricity price from the real-time wholesale electricity price;

the candidate demand response reward rate may be calculated directly by the terminal of the electric power retailer, or may be calculated for the target electric power retailer by the management terminal of the electric power market.

In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,

expression:

Expression:

expression:

The day-ahead wholesale electricity price can be understood as that in the operation of a power system, a power grid dispatching operator is responsible for managing the system in real time and maintaining the safe operation of the system, and needs to dispatch in advance, generally one day in advance, so that the day-ahead wholesale electricity price of centralized transaction is set.

As described aboveIs based on Δ P>0 is obtained.

S103, displaying the candidate award rates and the power load reduction amount corresponding to each candidate award rate;

the plurality of candidate bonus rates are shown as being selected by the electricity consumer, and the electricity consumer can determine only the own power load reduction amount, so that the electricity consumer can determine the candidate bonus rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount by determining the own power load reduction amount.

S104, determining the selected power load reduction amount;

based on the above situation, the power load reduction amount selected by each participating electricity consumer is determined according to the power load reduction amount corresponding to the presented candidate award rate.

The power load is power consumed by all electric equipment in the power system;

the power load reduction amount is an index that the electricity consumption provided by an electricity retailer or an electricity manager to the electricity consumer is reduced year by year;

the acquisition of the power load reduction amount can be understood as that the participating users calculate the power load reduction amount of the electricity consumer according to the candidate demand response reward rate region selected by the electricity consumer.

It should be noted that, for the terminal of the electric power retailer, the above-mentioned determined selected power load reduction amount may be directly input to the terminal of the electric power retailer by the participating user or directly input to the terminal of the electric power retailer by the staff of the electric power retailer according to the feedback of the participating user;

in the management terminal of the electric power market, the electric power load reduction amount determined to be selected may be directly input to the management terminal of the electric power market by a participating customer who purchases electric power from the target electric power retailer or a worker of the target electric power retailer, or the selection result of the participating customer may be directly transmitted to the management terminal of the electric power market by the terminal of the electric power retailer.

S105, determining the profit to be obtained by using the candidate reward rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount;

based on the above situation, the candidate reward rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount can obtain the profit as the corresponding candidate demand response reward rate according to the selected power load reduction amount; determining an hourly profit margin when a reward-type demand response event is provided and an hourly profit margin Δ P when no reward-type demand response event is provided from the corresponding candidate demand response reward rates;

and S106, determining the candidate reward rate with the maximum profit as the optimal reward from the candidate reward rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying the optimal reward.

The candidate reward rate with the maximum profit can be understood as obtaining a corresponding candidate demand response reward rate according to the selected power load reduction amount; from the corresponding candidate demand response rewards rates, a maximum value is determined for the difference in hourly profits Δ P when a reward-type demand response event is provided and when no reward-type demand response event is present.

In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,

determining a candidate demand response award rate corresponding to when the hourly profit when the reward-type demand response event is provided and the hourly profit difference Δ P when the reward-type demand response event is absent take a maximum value, from the corresponding candidate demand response award rates;

After the reward is determined, if another plurality of consumers want to purchase electricity prices from the electricity retailer at the same time and some consumers want to receive a reward by reducing the electricity load reduction amount, the process may return to S101.

After S106, a method for determining real-time demand response rewards in a smart grid further includes:

In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,

The expression is as follows:

The above reward amount I_EndUser,iIs an incentive given to the behavior of participating users actively participating in the selection of the amount of power load reduction corresponding to the candidate area incentive rate;

it is worth mentioning that the award amount I can be found by the formula of η_EndUser,iReducing the actual value of the electrical load with the participating usersHas a relationship asThe greater the value, the greater the amount of reward I earned_EndUser,iThe larger the prize amount I_EndUser,iThe smaller.

It should be noted that whenWhen a negative value or zero occurs, the present illustrative embodiment addresses this situation as follows:

The expression is as follows:

wherein η is the profit ratio, η is less than or equal to 1, k is the total number of participating users, i is the number of participating users,in order to participate in the matching rate of the actual completion of the power load reduction amount of the user, to reduce the actual value of the electrical load for the participating users,power reduction amount for increasing profit of participating users corresponding to different candidate demand response reward rates I

Obtaining actual values of participating users for reducing electrical loads

Expression:

judgment ofWhether it is greater than zero;

Wherein, the preset mode can be as follows: the award amount is issued by electronic transfer to the participating user's bank account.

After the reward calculation is completed and issued, if there are a plurality of consumers who want to purchase electricity from the electricity retailer at the same time and some consumers want to pay a reward by reducing the electricity consumption amount, S101 to S106 may be repeatedly executed.

From the above, by determining the selected power load reduction amount; determining a profit to be obtained using the candidate award rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount; and determining the candidate reward rate with the maximum profit as the optimal reward from the candidate reward rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying the optimal reward. The method realizes that the power load reduction capacity of the power users is transferred by adjusting the reward rate, and in addition, the method not only provides a reward determination method for reducing the power load, but also provides a pricing method for providing power data for the power users.

The following is a specific example provided for the first bonus method:

suppose that in a competitive electricity market, retail electricity pricesPrice of previous wholesale electricityReal-time wholesale electricity priceThe profitable value of I for the electricity retailer is therefore 0<I<0.3 yuan/degreeSuppose that the power retailer selects 9 candidate I values, which are 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.18, 0.21, 0.24, and 0.27 yuan/degree, respectively. These 9 candidate I values are published to all consumers. Assuming that there are three consumers responding, the basic load of the consumersAnd the profit increases for the electricity retailer at different I values for that hour are shown in tables 1 and 2, respectively:

TABLE 1 feedback chart of basic electric load of participated users

TABLE 2 profit growth value at that hour for Power retailers at different I values

When I takes 0.21, the increase in profit for the power retailer is greatest, so the power retailer will set the reward to I0.21 dollars/power load cut by 1 degree of electricity.

From the results, when the reward is in an optimal value, the reward is win-win for the electric power retailer and the electricity utilization user, the load of the power grid is reduced, and the reliability of the operation of the power grid in a high-load period (the high load corresponds to a high real-time wholesale electricity price) is improved. If the reward value is too high or too low, the profit of the power retailer is greatly reduced, and the enthusiasm of the power retailer for releasing reward-type demand response items is greatly reduced.

Fig. 2 is a second method for determining a real-time demand response reward in a smart grid according to an embodiment of the present application, where the method includes:

s201, acquiring real-time wholesale electricity price and retail electricity price;

s202, calculating the profit P per hour at the time of the non-rewarding demand response event according to the following expression₁；

Expression:

s203, calculating the profit P per hour when the rewarding-type demand response event is provided according to the following expression₂；

Expression:

s204, calculating P according to the following expression₁And P₂The difference Δ P of (d);

expression:

s205, according toTo obtainWherein n +1 is a division region of the candidate demand response reward rate I, n is a natural number, and p is a natural number from 1 to n;

s206, displaying the candidate award rates and the power load reduction amount corresponding to each candidate award rate;

s207, determining the selected power load reduction amount;

s208, determining the profit to be obtained by using the candidate reward rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount;

s209 determines the candidate bonus rate with the largest profit as the optimal bonus from the candidate bonus rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displays the determined result.

From the above, the method displays a plurality of candidate reward rates and the power load consumption amount corresponding to each candidate reward rate by calculating a plurality of candidate demand response reward rates in the competitive power market; according to the determined selected power load reduction amount; determining a profit to be obtained using the candidate award rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount; and determining the candidate reward rate with the maximum profit as the optimal reward from the candidate reward rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying the optimal reward. The method not only provides a reward method for reducing the power load, but also provides a pricing method for providing power data for the power consumers, so that power retailers and the power consumers can win-win, and the load of a power grid is reduced.

Fig. 3 is a third method for determining a real-time demand response reward in a smart grid according to an embodiment of the present application, where the method includes:

s301, acquiring real-time wholesale electricity prices and retail electricity prices;

s302, calculating the profit P per hour at the time of the non-rewarding demand response event according to the following expression₁；

Expression:

wherein k is the total number of the participating users, i is the number of the participating users,for the retail electricity rate of the t-th hour,for the electricity usage of the ith participating user at the t hour,for wholesale electricity prices before the day of the tth hour,in order to purchase the electricity quantity according to the daily wholesale electricity price within the tth hour,is t th cellThe real-time wholesale electricity price of the time,the electricity purchasing quantity is purchased according to the real-time wholesale electricity price in the t hour;

s303, calculating the profit P per hour when the rewarding-type demand response event is provided according to the following expression₂；

Expression:

s304, calculating P according to the following expression₁And P₂The difference Δ P of (d);

expression:

s305 according toTo obtainWherein n +1 is a division region of the candidate demand response reward rate I, n is a natural number, and p is a natural number from 1 to n;

s306, displaying the candidate award rates and the power load reduction amount corresponding to each candidate award rate;

s307, determining the selected power load reduction amount;

s308, acquiring a corresponding candidate demand response reward rate according to the selected power load reduction amount;

s309, an hourly profit for the bonus-type demand response event and an hourly profit difference for the non-bonus-type demand response event are determined.

S310, determining the candidate demand response reward rate corresponding to the maximum value of the difference value of the profit per hour when the reward type demand response event is provided and the profit per hour when the reward type demand response event is not provided from the corresponding candidate demand response reward rate;

s311, determining the candidate reward rate corresponding to the maximum profit difference as the optimal reward, and displaying.

Therefore, the method determines the optimal reward by calculating a plurality of candidate demand response reward rates and according to the determined selected power load reduction amount in the competitive power market, so that the power retailer and the power consumer win-win, and the load of the power grid is reduced.

Fig. 4 is a fourth method for determining a real-time demand response reward in a smart grid according to an embodiment of the present application, where the method includes:

s401, acquiring real-time wholesale electricity prices and retail electricity prices;

s402, calculating the profit P per hour at the time of the non-rewarding demand response event according to the following expression₁；

Expression:

s403, calculating the profit P per hour when the rewarding-type demand response event is provided according to the following expression₂；

Expression:

s404, calculating P according to the following expression₁And P₂The difference Δ P of (d);

expression:

s405, according toTo obtainWherein n +1 is a division region of the candidate demand response reward rate I, n is a natural number, and p is a natural number from 1 to n;

s406, displaying the candidate award rates and the power load reduction amount corresponding to each candidate award rate;

s407, determining the selected power load reduction amount;

s408, acquiring a corresponding candidate demand response reward rate according to the selected power load reduction amount;

s409, the difference in hourly profits for the presence of a bonus-type demand response event and for the absence of a bonus-type demand response event is determined.

S410, determining a candidate demand response reward rate corresponding to the maximum value of the difference value of the profit per hour when a reward type demand response event is provided and the profit per hour when the reward type demand response event is not provided from the corresponding candidate demand response reward rate;

s411, determining the candidate reward rate corresponding to the maximum profit difference as the optimal reward, and displaying.

S412, calculating the profit difference delta P per hour when the reward type demand response event exists and the profit difference delta P per hour when the reward type demand response event does not exist;

s413, calculating the reward amount I of the participating users according to the following expression_EndUser,i；

The expression is as follows:

wherein η is the profit ratio, η is less than or equal to 1,in order to participate in the matching rate of the actual completion of the power load reduction amount of the user, to reduce the actual value of the electrical load for the participating users,power reduction amount corresponding to different candidate demand response reward rates I and enabling the participating users to increase profits;

s414, obtaining the actual value of the participating users for reducing the electric load

S415, calculating the Reward amount rewarded of the participating users due to reduction of the electric loads according to the following expression_EndUser,i，

Expression:

s416, judgingWhether it is greater than zero; if not, executing S417, if yes, executing S418;

s417, Reward the award amount_EndUser,iThe information is issued to the bank account of the participating user through electronic transfer;

s418, the award amount I_EndUser,iAnd Reward_EndUser,iAnd is issued to the participating user's bank account through an electronic transfer.

According to the method, the candidate demand response reward rates are calculated, and the real-time interaction between the electricity retailer and the electricity utilization users is utilized, so that the candidate reward rates and the electricity load consumption amount corresponding to each candidate reward rate are displayed; determining a selected power load reduction amount; determining a profit to be obtained using the candidate award rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount; the power retailer and the power consumer win a win-win situation, the load of the power grid is reduced, and the reliability of the power grid in the high-load period is improved.

The following is a specific example of the method proposed by the embodiment of the present invention, in which the power provider in all the examples is the above-mentioned power retailer.

Example one: multi-tenant datacenter power demand response reward

The data center is a large power consumer, and with the increase of the number of the data centers, if the data centers can participate in the demand response of the power grid, the capacity of the power grid for maintaining the power supply and demand balance is greatly enhanced. However, the multi-tenant data center does not have the authority to regulate the power consumption of the tenant server. Therefore, power providers of the multi-tenant data center can provide rewards for tenants participating in power load reduction by using the reward method of the embodiment of the invention so as to coordinate the tenants participating in demand response projects. In the scenario of the embodiment, a power provider of the multi-tenant data center participates in power purchase in an open competitive power wholesale market, and supplies power to the data center at a retail power price, and the flow of the embodiment is as follows:

first, a power provider of a multi-tenant datacenter calculates a profit expression P per hour without providing a load shedding reward to the data center tenants₁；

Secondly, calculating a profit expression P per hour under the condition that the power provider of the multi-tenant data center provides load reduction rewards to tenants of the data center by the power provider₂；

The third stepCalculating profit expression P for power provider of multi-tenant data center₁、P₂Determining a profit interval of the reward rate, namely the candidate demand reward rate;

fourthly, the power provider of the multi-tenant data center selects values of n-1 candidate demand reward rates in a profit interval of the reward rates, and the candidate demand reward rates are pushed to all data center tenants through a mobile terminal server (the mobile terminal server is a reporting mobile phone, a computer or an IPAD and the like);

and fifthly, selecting different operations for different reward rates by tenants who want to participate in load reduction and obtain rewards, wherein the selectable operations of the data center tenants comprise:

1) completely shutting down the rented server;

2) causing the rented server to enter a dormant state;

3) current operation is still maintained (no reduction in power consumption).

And the information is fed back to the power provider of the multi-tenant data center through the mobile terminal server, and the system automatically calculates the reduction amount of the power utilization load corresponding to the operation of the tenant.

Sixthly, calculating the value of each candidate demand reward rate by the power provider of the multi-tenant data center according to tenant feedback information₂-P₁The value of (c). When P is satisfied₂-P₁When the maximum value is taken, the reward rate at the moment is the final pricing of the power provider of the multi-tenant data center on the demand reward rate I;

and seventhly, the power provider of the multi-tenant data center pushes the final reward rate pricing to the tenant wishing to participate in the project through the mobile phone application, and the tenant selects corresponding operation according to the required reward rate. If the tenant fulfills the previous commitment within the specified time period, the power provider of the multi-tenant data center sends the reward to the tenant by means of an electronic red envelope or bank account transfer.

Example two: demand response reward for electric vehicle charging in smart city

With the increasing number of electric vehicles in cities, considerable electric vehicle power demand response potential is formed. However, urban public power providers do not have the authority to regulate the charging and discharging schedules of private electric vehicles. Therefore, the urban public power supplier can provide rewards for electric vehicles parked in the charging piles in cities by using the demand response reward method of the embodiment of the invention, and coordinate the electric vehicles to participate in demand response projects. The scenario of the embodiment is that an urban public power supplier participates in open competition power wholesale market to purchase power and supplies the power to an electric vehicle for charging at a retail power price, and the flow of the embodiment is as follows:

first, the urban public electricity provider calculates the profit expression P per hour without providing a load reduction reward to the owner of the electric vehicle₁；

Second, the urban public electricity supplier calculates the profit expression P per hour for the electric vehicle owner in the case where it provides the load reduction reward₂；

Thirdly, the urban public power supplier calculates a profit expression P₁、P₂And determining a profit interval of the reward rate;

fourthly, the urban public power supplier selects n-1 values of candidate demand reward rates in the profit interval of the reward rates, and the candidate demand reward rates are pushed to all electric vehicle owners parking the charging piles in the cities through mobile phone application;

and fifthly, selecting different operations for different reward rates by the electric vehicle owners who want to participate in the load reduction and obtain the reward, wherein the optional operations of the electric vehicle owners comprise:

1) suspending charging;

2) discharging to the grid;

3) current operation is still maintained (no change in power consumption).

And the information is fed back to the urban public power supplier through the mobile phone application, and the system automatically calculates the reduction amount of the power load corresponding to the operation of the electric vehicle.

Sixthly, when the urban public power supplier calculates the reward rate value of each candidate demand according to the feedback information of the electric vehicle owner, P₂-P₁The value of (c). When P is satisfied₂-P₁When the maximum value is taken, the reward rate at the moment is the final pricing of the urban public power supplier to the reward rate I;

and seventhly, the urban public power supplier pushes the final award rate pricing to the electric vehicle owner who wants to participate in the project through the mobile phone application, and the electric vehicle owner selects corresponding operation according to the award rate. If the electric vehicle owner fulfills the prior commitments within the prescribed time period, the urban public power provider will send the award to the electric vehicle owner in an electronic red envelope.

Example three: demand response rewards for smart factories within an industrial park

The proportion of industrial electricity in China is highest, and according to prediction, in 2020, the industrial electricity accounts for 73.53 percent of the total electricity consumption in China, so that the electric power demand response potential is the greatest. However, the power suppliers of industrial parks do not have the authority to regulate the power usage arrangements of the plants on the park. Therefore, the industrial park power supplier can use the demand response reward method of the embodiment of the invention to provide rewards for the power utilization factories in the park and coordinate the participation of the factories in the demand response project. In the scenario of this embodiment, an industrial park power supplier participates in the electricity purchase in the open competitive electricity wholesale market, and supplies the electricity to a factory in the park at the retail price of electricity, and the flow of this embodiment is as follows:

first, the industrial park power provider calculates the profit per hour for the case where it does not provide a load shed reward to the plant, i.e., the profit per hour expression P at the time of a non-reward type demand response event₁；

Second, the industrial park power provider calculates the profit per hour for the situation where it provides a load shed reward to the plant, i.e., profit expression P per hour with a reward-type demand response event₂；

Thirdly, the industrial park power supplier calculates the profit P₁、P₂The difference expression of the expressions is adopted, and the profit interval of the reward rate is determined;

fourthly, the industrial park power supplier selects n-1 values of candidate demand reward rates in the profit interval of the reward rates, and the candidate demand reward rates are pushed to factory operation managers in all parks through mobile phone application;

and fifthly, calculating the power consumption reduction amount of the factory which is expected to participate in the load reduction and obtain the reward and selects different power consumption reduction amounts of the factory corresponding to different reward rates. The information is fed back to the industrial park power supplier through the mobile phone application.

Sixthly, calculating P when each candidate demand reward rate value is taken by the power supplier of the industrial park according to the factory feedback information₂-P₁The value of (c). When P is satisfied₂-P₁When the maximum value is taken, the reward rate at the moment is the final pricing of the industrial park power supplier to the reward rate I;

seventhly, the industrial park power supplier pushes the final award rate pricing to a factory operation manager who wants to participate in the project through a mobile phone application, and the factory operation manager selects corresponding factory load reduction operation according to the award rate. If the factory fulfills the prior commitment within the specified time period, the industrial park power provider will send an award by transfer to the factory contracted account.

Example four: demand response reward for residential electricity users

The power consumption proportion of residents in China is second to industrial power consumption, and the power consumption proportion has considerable power demand response potential. However, residential electricity providers do not have the authority to regulate residential household electricity usage. Therefore, residential power suppliers can provide rewards for residential families by using the demand response reward method of the embodiment of the invention, and coordinate the participation of the residential families in demand response items. In the scenario of this embodiment, a residential power supplier participates in the electricity purchase in the open competitive electricity wholesale market, and supplies the electricity to the residential area at the retail price of electricity, and the flow of this embodiment is as follows:

first, the residential power provider calculates an hourly profit expression P for the case where it does not provide a load shedding incentive to residential homes₁；

Second, the residential power provider calculates the profit expression P per hour for the case where it provides a load shedding reward to residential homes₂；

Third, the residential power provider calculates a profit expression P₁、P₂And determining a profit interval of the reward rate;

fourthly, the residential power supplier selects n-1 candidate demand reward rate values in the profit interval of the reward rate, and pushes the candidate demand reward rate values to all residential families through mobile phone application;

and fifthly, hopefully participating in the operation of selecting different reward rates by the residential family which obtains the reward for load reduction, wherein the residential family selectable operation comprises the following steps:

1) shutting down certain appliances, such as electric lights, air conditioners, dishwashers, etc.;

2) current operation is still maintained (no change in power consumption).

And the information is fed back to the urban public power supplier through the mobile phone application, and the system automatically calculates the reduction amount of the power load corresponding to the operations of the family.

Sixthly, calculating the reward rate value of each candidate demand by the residential area power supplier according to the feedback information of the familyP₂-P₁The value of (c). When P is satisfied₂-P₁When the maximum value is taken, the reward rate at the moment is the final pricing of the residential area power supplier to the reward rate I;

seventhly, the residential power supplier pushes the final award rate pricing to the residential family wishing to participate in the project through the mobile phone application, and the family members select corresponding operations according to the award rates. If the household fulfills the prior power curtailment commitment within a prescribed time period, the residential power provider will send an award to the household owner in the form of an electronic red envelope.

Fig. 5 is a device for determining real-time demand response rewards in a smart grid according to an embodiment of the present application, where the device includes:

the real-time electricity price obtaining module 501 is used for obtaining real-time wholesale electricity prices and retail electricity prices;

a candidate demand response reward rate module 502, configured to calculate a plurality of candidate reward rates based on the obtained real-time electricity price and the retail electricity price, where the candidate reward rate is a reward provided for each electricity consumption reduced by a preset amount of electricity, and the candidate reward rate is greater than zero and smaller than a difference between the real-time wholesale electricity price and the retail electricity price;

a display information module 503, configured to display the candidate award rates and the power load reduction amount corresponding to each candidate award rate;

a first determining module 504 for determining the selected power load reduction amount;

a second determining module 505, configured to determine a profit to be obtained by using the candidate award rate corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount;

and the optimal reward module 506 is used for determining the candidate reward rate with the maximum profit as the optimal reward from the candidate reward rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying the optimal reward.

The device further comprises:

the first reward module is used for calculating rewards of participating users, wherein the participating users calculate the rewards of the participating users.

Specifically, the first reward module includes:

a second difference submodule for calculating an hourly difference Δ P between the hourly profit with the reward-type demand response event and the hourly profit without the reward-type demand response event;

a first reward submodule for calculating a reward amount I for the participating user according to the following expression_EndUser,i；

The expression is as follows:

wherein η is the profit ratio, η is less than or equal to 1,to reduce the actual value of the electrical load for the participating users,and power reduction amount corresponding to the reward rate I for different candidate demand responses and enabling the participating users to increase profits.

The first reward module further comprises:

an actual value acquisition submodule for acquiring the actual value of the electricity load reduction of the participating users

A second Reward submodule for calculating Reward amount Reward obtained by the participating user due to reduction of the electrical load according to the following expression_EndUser,i，

Expression:

a judgment sub-module for judgingWhether less than zero; if not, triggering the first bonus award module, and if so, triggering the second bonus award module;

the first bonus dispensing submodule is used for rewarding the bonus amount_EndUser,iThe information is issued to the participating users in a preset mode;

the second prize money issuing submodule is used for issuing a prize money I_EndUser,iAnd Reward_EndUser,iAnd the information is issued to the participating users in a preset mode.

The candidate demand response award rate module 502 includes:

expression:

wherein k is the total number of the participating users, i is the number of the participating users,for the retail electricity rate of the t-th hour,for the electricity usage of the ith participating user at the t hour,for wholesale electricity prices before the day of the tth hour,is at the same timeThe purchased electricity quantity is purchased according to the daily wholesale electricity price in the t hour,is the real-time wholesale electricity price of the t hour,the electricity purchasing quantity is purchased according to the real-time wholesale electricity price in the t hour;

Expression:

expression:

a candidate demand response award rate acquisition sub-module for obtaining a candidate demand response award rate based onTo obtainWherein n +1 is a candidate demand responseThe region should be divided into the reward rate I, n is a natural number, and p is a natural number from 1 to n.

The second determining module includes:

The optimal reward module 506 includes:

the candidate demand response reward rate sub-module with the maximum profit is used for determining the candidate demand response reward rate corresponding to the maximum profit difference value per hour when the reward type demand response event is provided and the profit difference value per hour when the reward type demand response event is not provided from the corresponding candidate demand response reward rate;

and the optimal reward determining submodule is used for determining the candidate reward rate corresponding to the maximum profit difference value as the optimal reward and displaying the optimal reward.

Therefore, the device calculates a plurality of candidate reward rates based on the acquired real-time electricity price and the retail electricity price, determines the optimal reward according to the determined selected power load reduction amount, reduces the load of the power grid under the condition that the power retailer and the electricity user win-win, and improves the reliability of the power grid in the high-load period.

The embodiment of the invention also provides electronic equipment which comprises a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface and the memory complete mutual communication through the communication bus,

a memory for storing a computer program;

the processor is used for realizing the following steps when executing the program stored in the memory:

acquiring real-time wholesale electricity prices and retail electricity prices;

determining a selected power load reduction amount;

As can be seen, the electronic device provided by the present embodiment is implemented to calculate a plurality of candidate award rates based on the acquired real-time electricity prices and retail electricity prices, according to the determined selected power load reduction amount; and determining the candidate reward rate with the maximum profit as the optimal reward from the candidate reward rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying the optimal reward. The method not only provides a reward determination method for reducing the power load, but also provides a pricing method for providing power data for power users.

The implementation of the above-mentioned method for determining a real-time demand response reward in a related smart grid is the same as the method for determining a real-time demand response reward in a smart grid provided in the foregoing method embodiment, and details are not repeated here.

The communication bus mentioned in the electronic device may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, or the like. The communication bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

The communication interface is used for communication between the electronic equipment and other equipment.

The Memory may include a Random Access Memory (RAM) or a Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), such as at least one disk Memory. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one memory device located remotely from the processor.

The Processor may be a general-purpose Processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; but may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component.

A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored therein, which when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:

acquiring real-time wholesale electricity prices and retail electricity prices;

determining a selected power load reduction amount;

As can be seen, when the application program stored in the computer-readable storage medium provided by the present embodiment is executed, it is possible to calculate a plurality of candidate award rates based on the acquired real-time electricity prices and retail electricity prices, according to the power load reduction amount determined to be selected; and determining the candidate reward rate with the maximum profit as the optimal reward from the candidate reward rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount, and displaying the optimal reward. The method not only provides a reward determination method for reducing the power load, but also provides a pricing method for providing power data for power users.

The above description is only a basic embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention, including process adjustment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, as for the apparatus, the electronic device and the storage medium embodiment, since they are substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time demand response reward determination method in a smart grid is characterized by comprising the following steps:

acquiring real-time wholesale electricity prices and retail electricity prices;

determining a selected power load reduction amount;

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein after determining and presenting the most profitable candidate bonus rate among the candidate bonus rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount as the optimal bonus, further comprising:

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the calculating the reward for the participating user comprises:

The expression is as follows:

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises:

obtaining actual values of participating users for reducing electrical loads

Expression:

judgment ofWhether it is greater than zero;

5. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating a plurality of candidate reward rates based on the real-time electricity prices and the retail electricity prices obtained comprises:

expression:

Expression:

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expression:

6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the profit to be gained using the candidate award rate for the selected power load reduction amount comprises:

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining and presenting, as the optimal bonus, the most profitable candidate bonus rate among the candidate bonus rates corresponding to the selected power load reduction amount comprises:

8. An apparatus for real-time demand response reward determination in a smart grid, the apparatus comprising:

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the candidate demand response reward rate module comprises:

expression:

Expression:

expression:

a candidate demand response award rate acquisition sub-module for obtaining a candidate demand response award rate based onTo obtainWherein n +1 is a division area of the candidate demand response reward rate I, n is a natural number, and p is a natural number from 1 to n.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the second determining module comprises: