CN107169171A - A kind of EMUs head dummy design method - Google Patents
A kind of EMUs head dummy design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107169171A CN107169171A CN201710260181.5A CN201710260181A CN107169171A CN 107169171 A CN107169171 A CN 107169171A CN 201710260181 A CN201710260181 A CN 201710260181A CN 107169171 A CN107169171 A CN 107169171A
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of EMUs head dummy design method, the head dummy of given constraint throwing condition and pneumatic design objective can be quickly met, it is combined by combining three-dimensional profile Parametric designing method, Aerodynamic Inverse Design method, CFD numerical computation methods, global optimization approach and model test, propose brand-new EMUs head dummy design method, utilize the design method, after specifying constraint, aeroperformance and the new head dummy of all good EMUs of aesthetic effect can be quickly designed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of design method, especially a kind of design method of EMUs head dummy.
Background technology
The design of EMUs head dummy belongs to multiple constraint, multi-parameter, multiple target, the design of multi-disciplinary complex appearance.Meeting
In the case of Prescribed Properties, it is expected that all design objectives are attained by design requirement, such as aerodynamic drag is the smaller the better, head,
Trailer aerodynamic lift is better closer to zero, and air crossing pressure pulse and aerodynamic noise are the smaller the better etc..
Influence of the EMUs head configuration to aerodynamic performance of train is very big, and EMUs can be effectively improved by improving head dummy
Aeroperformance, one of head dummy design is EMUs development with key technology of development, and each EMUs designing unit all weighs very much
There is contradiction, i.e., some indexs depending on the research and development and design of head dummy, but between the Main Aerodynamic Design index of motor train unit train head dummy
When improving, some other design objective can be caused to be deteriorated, be difficult to obtain all good motor-car of each design objective in engineering design
Group train head dummy.
The content of the invention
Present invention is primarily aimed at solve the above problems and it is not enough there is provided one kind can solve the problem that multiple constraint, it is multi-parameter, many
The EMUs head dummy design method of target.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of EMUs head dummy design method, can quickly it be met given
The head dummy of box member and pneumatic design objective is constrained, its concrete technical scheme is：
A kind of EMUs head dummy design method, comprises the following steps：
S1, key Design index and main pneumatic restraint condition and geometry constraint conditions are determined according to engineering demand；
S2, using the EMUs head dummy three-dimensional geometry Parameters design that disclosure satisfy that design requirement, correct shape parameter enters
Row, which is done, to be optimized, and extracts key design parameter；
S3, using key Design index and constraints as design object, design object is met using mimetic design method
Key design parameter, the initial head dummy of EMUs is then obtained according to key design parameter；
S4, finely tunes the value of key design parameter, and the Art design of correction of the flank shape formula is carried out to initial head dummy, the basic of head dummy is obtained
Profile；
S5, assesses the aeroperformance of basic head dummy, and can the head dummy of checking design reach design objective；
S6, targetedly optimization design is carried out to basic head dummy, is improved the performance of key Design index, is obtained aeroperformance
Well do optimization head dummy；
S7, verifies to optimization head dummy, analyzes the aeroperformance of head dummy, obtains final EMUs head dummy design outer
Type.
Further, the crucial Controlling outline curve of EMUs head dummy three-dimensional geometry parameter including EMUs nose cone geometry external form,
Drivers' cab glass profile and nose cone drainage shape.
Further, the profile control line L1 of the crucial Controlling outline curve of EMUs nose cone geometry external form including vertical part surface and/
Or the profile control line L2 in troubleshooting region, and/or horizontal profile and profile control line L3, L4, and/or maximum norm of bottom sectional
The profile control line L5 in section.
Further, in the crucial Controlling outline curve of EMUs nose cone geometry external form, L1, L3, L4 use VMF parametric methods
Design.
Further, L2 carries out Parametric designing using nurbs curve.
Further, L2 is three MURBS curves, totally 5 design points.
Further, step S3 points are following steps,
S31, using key Design index and constraints as design object, it is first determined the expression formula of Two dimensional control molded line,
The key design parameter of design object is met using mimetic design method, can excessively each corresponding expression formula, obtain each control type
Line, basic curved profile is gone out by crucial Two dimensional control curve simulation；
S32, fairing processing is carried out to the region that not fairing is connected between different curve block；
S33, obtains drivers' cab glass using mimetic design method and is added on fundamental surface；
S34, adds nose cone drainage way, so as to obtain complete nose cone profile in nose cone both sides.
Further, the region that not fairing is connected between different curve block is carried out at fairing using this smoothing method of pula
Reason.
Further, when carrying out mimetic design, using optimized algorithm, found in design space and meet the corresponding of requirement
Key design parameter.
Further, targetedly optimization design is carried out to basic head dummy using global optimization approach.
In summary, a kind of EMUs pass type design method that the present invention is provided, compared with prior art, with following excellent
Point：
1. the EMUs head dummy conceptual design for meeting design objective and constraints can be rapidly completed, be conducive to improving dynamic
The efficiency of car group head dummy engineering design；
2. having taken into account the aeroperformance and aesthetic effect of head dummy, the purpose and specific aim of head dummy design are stronger, design effect
Fruit is more excellent；
3. head dummy database can be set up in the head dummy of design process formation, with the constantly improve of database, the present invention
Design efficiency and reliability can also improve constantly.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1：A kind of EMUs head dummy design flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2：A kind of EMUs head dummy of the present invention designs the crucial Controlling outline curve of high speed train nose cone geometric shape；
Fig. 3：The curve and curvature diagram of different expression formulas in a kind of power packages head dummy design of the present invention；
Fig. 4：The nurbs curve corrected in a kind of EMUs head dummy design of the present invention；
Fig. 5：Drivers' cab glass parametrization schematic diagram in a kind of EMUs head dummy design of the present invention；
Fig. 6：The implementation process of nose cone parametric surface in a kind of EMUs head dummy design of the present invention；
Fig. 7：Head dummy in a kind of EMUs head dummy design of the present invention under different designs parameter；
Fig. 8：Different mimetic design profiles in a kind of EMUs head dummy design of the present invention during T-Cd=0.3；
Fig. 9：Different mimetic design profiles in a kind of EMUs head dummy design of the present invention during Vol=0.03；
Figure 10：The desired value of vehicle aerodynamic drag is 0.3 in a kind of EMUs head dummy design of the present invention, and fairing section holds
Product is not less than the mimetic design profile obtained when 0.027；
Figure 11：Fairing section volume is 0.0255, vehicle aerodynamic drag system in a kind of EMUs head dummy design of the present invention
Number is not more than the mimetic design profile obtained when 0.28
Figure 12：When the value of vehicle pneumatic drag coefficient is 0.294 in a kind of EMUs head dummy design of the present invention, fairing section holds
Two mimetic design profiles when long-pending value is 0.0254
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a kind of EMUs head dummy design method, given constraint throwing condition can be quickly met and pneumatic
The head dummy of design objective, as shown in figure 1, comprising the following steps：
S1, key Design index and main pneumatic restraint condition and geometry constraint conditions are determined according to engineering demand.
In embodiments of the invention, key Design index can be aerodynamic drag, fairing section volume or other specification, with conventional design
In content it is identical, be conventional parameter, pneumatic restraint condition, geometry constraint conditions are also prior art.
S2, using the EMUs head dummy three-dimensional geometry Parameters design that disclosure satisfy that design requirement, correct shape parameter enters
Row, which is done, to be optimized, and extracts key design parameter.In general, EMUs head dummy is mainly determined the big bodily form by several Controlling outline curves
Shape, in the embodiment that the present invention is provided, using head dummy three-dimensional geometry Parameters design come to main Controlling outline curve progress
Design, by determining the formula of each Controlling outline curve, it is determined that the parameter of molded line line style, i.e. key Design can be influenceed in respective formula
Parameter, to reach the purpose for adjusting whole EMUs head dummy.Therefore in this step, it is thus necessary to determine that the crucial control of influence head dummy
Formula that molded line, each Controlling outline curve are applied to, formula influence the key design parameter of molded line concrete shape.
S3 is soft with CFD numerical simulations after crucial Controlling outline curve, the formula used and key design parameter is determined
Part is basic tool, and using key Design index and constraints as design object, design mesh is met using mimetic design method
Target key design parameter, then obtains the initial head dummy of EMUs according to key design parameter.
The geometric shape of EMUs head dummy is controlled by crucial Two dimensional control molded line, the key that will be obtained by mimetic design method
The occurrence of design parameter is updated in the respective formula of step S2 determinations, obtains different Controlling outline curves, then by different two
Tie up line style to drive as border molded line, by digital simulation formation three-dimension curved surface, add the necessary conditions such as vehicle window, nose cone drainage,
Form the initial head dummy of EMUs.
S4, by finely tuning the value of key design parameter, the Art design of correction of the flank shape formula is carried out to initial head dummy, head dummy is obtained
Basic profile.Obtained initial head dummy is manually adjusted, the key design parameter value of requirement will be met in the reasonable scope
It is finely adjusted, is met the design objective that is set in step S1, the basic external form of head dummy more attractive in appearance.
S5, assesses basic head dummy the aeroperformance of basic head dummy, and can the head dummy of checking design reach design objective.Such as
The aeroperformance of basic head dummy can be assessed by CFD method for numerical simulation, passes through software or program, the correlation of Fluid Mechanics Computation
Data, verify whether basic head dummy reaches the requirement of design objective.
For can not be re-used by the basic head dummy of checking by micro- key design parameter or resumes step S3
Mimetic design method obtains key design parameter, and obtains the initial head dummy of EMUs and further more attractive in appearance substantially outer
Type.When error is little, the value of design parameter by resumes step S4, can be finely tuned, the substantially outer of EMUs head dummy is regained
Type, then carry out step S5 checking.
S6, is the aeroperformance of further lifting head dummy, targetedly optimization design is carried out to basic head dummy, improve crucial
The performance of design objective, obtains aeroperformance and well does optimization head dummy.Using global optimization approach, design is optimized, it is right
Design parameter is further adjusted, the head dummy optimized.Global optimization approach is one kind of existing a variety of optimized algorithms
It is referred to as, those skilled in the art can be optimized using any one optimized algorithm to head dummy, specifically using which kind of algorithm,
Influence to optimum results is little.
S7, carries out CFD assessments, wind tunnel test and the checking of moving model experiment to optimization head dummy, analyzes the pneumatic property of head dummy
Can, obtain final EMUs head dummy design external form.
The relational language and technology contents that are related in above-mentioned design process are described in detail below.
The slenderness ratio of head shape of high-speed train is larger, and its geometric shape is made up of complicated free form surface, in the design process
Curved surface deformation is very big, or even the entirely different curve form of type occurs, Fig. 2 gives bullet train nose cone geometric shape
Crucial Controlling outline curve, the profile in vertical section is by L1 controls, and the profile in pilot region is cutd open by L2 controls, horizontal profile and bottom
The profile in face is controlled by L3 and L4 respectively, and the profile of maximum cross section is by L5 controls.That is the crucial controls of L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 five
Molded line processed, constitutes the three-dimensional geometry parameter of EMUs head dummy in step S2.For engineering design, in order to existing compartment phase
Matching, under normal circumstances the shape of maximum cross section be it is given, therefore, generally the profile not to L5 be designed and
Optimization.L3 and L4 curved profile is similar, can be described with type of service identical mathematic(al) representation.L1 and L2 shape pair
The profile of whole nose cone has a significant impact, and by changing the profile of this two molded line, can obtain the entirely different head dummy of shape,
Especially L2, its profile not only has a significant impact to the aesthetic effect of head dummy, and very big to the effect of aerodynamic performance of train.
Hereafter detailed analysis will be carried out to the parametric method of every molded line and each curved surface.
VMF (Vehicle Modeling Function) parametric method is by changing to Bernstein multinomials
Enter, there is the molded line of many small radius of curvature when being designed for car conour, to reduce one kind that design variable number is proposed
Parameterization design method.Compared to NRUBS methods, this method can greatly reduce the number of design variable, effectively improve automobile
Configuration design and the efficiency of optimization.For few excellent of the design variable needed when making full use of VMF methods to parameterize molded line
Point, the embodiment that the present invention is provided fully borrows the advantage of VMF methods, and appropriate amendment will be carried out to this method, is used in combination
In L1, L3 and L4 Parametric designing.
The citation form of two-dimentional molded line parametric expressions is：
In formula, x value is [0, c], Y1And Y2The respectively coordinate of starting point and ending point short transverse, by changing S
(x/c) concrete form can obtain different types of molded line, A1And A2The curvature of difference Controlling outline curve front-end and back-end.Work as A1
Value be (0,1), A2Value when being more than 1, F (x/c) tends to be infinitely great in the x curvature being equal at 0, is equal to the curvature at c in x
For 0；Work as A2Value be (0,1) when, F (x/c) x be equal to c locate curvature tend to infinity.Now, if connected
Other type curvatures of a curve are a finite value, then curvature non-continuous event occurs.Therefore, tending to be infinite when running into end points curvature
During big situation, the embodiment that the present invention is provided uses cubic algebraic curves near end points, and polynomial coefficient passes through two
The coordinate and curvature of junction is held to determine.When the curvature of molded line two-end-point is a finite value, to control the curvature of two-end-point,
The embodiment that the present invention is provided has carried out appropriate amendment to formula (1), as shown in formula (2)：
G (x/c) is used for the Curvature varying of controlling curve end points, is under normal circumstances a multinomial, its coefficient is by curve
The curvature and coordinate of two-end-point are determined.
Fig. 3 is given as S (x/c)=Y2-Y1, G (x/c) takes curvilinear motion during different expression formulas, it can be seen that：To formula
(1) after being modified, by changing A1Value still can effectively control the Curvature varying of starting point, work as A2During more than 1, eventually
Curvature at stop is always 0, not with A2Change and change.
In embodiments of the invention, the form of formula (2), expression are used to L1, L3 and L4 Parametric designing
For：
Vertical section molded line L1 curvilinear equation is：
Wherein,Height and end for controlling curve end points
Curvature at point, x11And x12Respectively starting point and ending point x coordinate, Z11And Z12Respectively the z of starting point and ending point is sat
Mark；
Horizontal profile molded line L3 curvilinear equation is：
Wherein,For controlling curve end points
Curvature at height and end points, x21And x22Respectively starting point and ending point x coordinate, y21And y22Respectively starting point and termination
The y-coordinate of point；
Bottom sectional molded line L4 curvilinear equation is：
Wherein,Height for controlling curve end points
Curvature at degree and end points, x31And x32Respectively starting point and ending point x coordinate, y31And y32Respectively starting point and ending point
Y-coordinate.
In the design method that provides of the present invention, step S2 uses Parametric designing design method, be utilized respectively formula 3,4,
5 couples of motor-car head dummy three-dimensional geometry parameters L1, L3, L4 are calculated, it is determined that corresponding two-dimensional curve.
Although VMF methods can use a small amount of design parameter to obtain different types of molded line, for complicated molded line, if
Count difficulty larger, and the change type of molded line is limited, and the geometry for pilot region is, it is necessary to deform what is extremely enriched
Molded line can just obtain further types of train head dummy.Non-uniform rational B-spline (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline,
NURBS) method is one of geometric shape Parametric designing most common method.By the number, the coordinate that rationally set control point
And corresponding weight, any type of molded line profile can be obtained.Therefore, this patent is used the molded line L2 at pilot
Nurbs curve carries out Parametric designing.
Under normal circumstances, the rational polynominal expression formula of a k nurbs curve is：
In formula, WiFor weight factor, diFor the coordinate vector of control vertex, basic function Ni.k(u) by recurrence formula (7) and (8)
It is determined that：
In formula, uiFor node coordinate, it is associated with corresponding control vertex.
For EMUs head dummy, it is a cubic NURBS curve to control the molded line L2 of pilot region profile, is had
5 control points, as shown in Figure 4.To control the length of nose cone, addition one is secondary behind nurbs curve EQUATION x coordinate components
Multinomial, curvilinear equation expression formula is：
X (z)=px(u)+g(z)；(9)
In formula, g (z)=A (z-H)2+ B, px(u) minimum value pminIt is p not less than 0, Hx(u)=pminWhen z values, be
Number A controls polynomial width, is determined by control point CP5 x coordinate, B is determined by control point CP1 x coordinates, is set to reduce
The number of variable is counted, the weight factor of L2 nurbs curve expression formula is disposed as constant, and concrete numerical value can rule of thumb separately
It is determined that.
Pass through three VMF curves and three MURBS curves, it is determined that four two dimensions of influence EMUs capitiform nose cone
After curve, each two-dimensional curve need to be fitted to form a complete outward appearance three-dimension curved surface, for the fitting of curved surface, reality of the invention
Apply example and use a kind of relatively simple method.Using two-dimentional molded line as border, the curved surface of nose cone is divided into 4 regions, due to nose
Cone is symmetrical on xz planes, thus, it is only required to consider the deformation of two surface patch of plane of symmetry side.The deformation of surface patch is by border
Molded line drives, and each surface patch is regarded to the quadrilateral space surrounded by four borders (L1, L2, L3, L4) as, by linearly inserting
Value formula (10) and (11) obtain the coordinate value of spatial point.
The spatial value of the Surface tessellation point obtained by formula (10) and (11) is different from boundary coordinate value, it is necessary to opposite side
Boundary's coordinate is modified, to obtain final fairing curved surface.
It is well known that Motor train unit locomotive is as drivers' cab, in addition to supplies the drivers' cab glass of driver observation front end road conditions, its
Shape, which is designed, should consider driving cabin inclination angle in the visual field for determining human pilot, design process, driving space requirement, driver
Room glass and the transition of nose cone front end and rear end.Because in the embodiment of the present invention, all curved surfaces are the fittings by discrete point
Obtain, therefore, the border of drivers' cab glass is determined again by the position of discrete point, as shown in Figure 5.
The position of boundary discrete method point is determined by formula (12), gc control boundary shapes describe drivers' cab glass using formula (13)
The profile of glass, gh controls the height of glass, gn1Control glass smoothly transits with nose cone side, gn2Control on glass and nose cone
Lower part smoothly transits.
In formula 12 and 13, xhmaxAnd xhminFor the maximum position and minimum position in drivers' cab glass x directions, yhmaxIt is with y
yhminThe maximum position and minimum position in direction.Because drivers' cab glass is symmetrical on xz planes, therefore yhminValue be 0.
In EMUs head dummy, nose cone drainage shape not only has influence on the aesthetic effect of head shape of high-speed train, and to nose
Field Characteristics near cone have large effect, therefore, will join in the embodiment that the present invention is provided to nose cone drainage way
Numberization is designed.The y-coordinate increment of drainage area discrete point can be controlled by formula (14) and (15), be added to original surface patch
On, then obtain nose cone drainage profile.
The deflection of formula (14) description drainage area in the x-direction, the deflection of formula (15) description drainage area in the z-direction.In formula,
hnmControl the maximum deformation quantity in drainage region, the transition of nns control drainage regions and base curve, xnmim、 xnmax、znminWith
znmaxControl the position in drainage region.
By described previously, by corresponding formula 3,9,4,5, L1, L2, L3 and L4 two-dimensional curve can be respectively obtained,
Formula 12,13 can obtain profile and the position of drivers' cab glass, and formula 14,15 can obtain nose cone drainage profile and position.
EMUs head dummy is as a said three-dimensional body, by difference value, and a plurality of two-dimensional curve is connected to form three-dimensional song
Face, referred to as surface fitting.As mentioned before when forming three-dimension curved surface, obtained all curved surfaces are by quad patch group
Into, not smooth connection is easily produced in different curve block interpolation transition, therefore, when carrying out surface fitting, introducing grid
Fairing technology.In the embodiment that the present invention is provided, in surface fitting, using Laplacian method method.Laplacian method
Method is the method for fairing carried out based on umbrella principle, and this method defines a umbrella operator completion grid by treating fairing summit
Fairing processing.Standard Laplacian method method is a kind of widely used Mesh smoothing method, and this method passes through to net
Each summit in lattice defines a Laplace operator to determine adjustment direction, and in the direction with certain speed movable top
Point realizes the adjustment of grid.The fairing expression formula of algorithm is：
Pnew=Pold+λL(Pold) (16)
In formula, pnewFor the grid vertex after fairing, pold is the grid vertex before fairing, and λ is speed regulatory factor, is used
To control the speed of Mesh smoothing, value is between 0~1.
Laplace operator L (pold) expression formula be：
In formula, wjFor summit P first order neighbors inner vertex Qi weight, generally take：wj=| | Qj-P||-1。
Fig. 6 gives the surface parameterization flow of EMUs head dummy, it is first determined the expression formula of Two dimensional control molded line, then
Basic curved profile is gone out by crucial Two dimensional control curve simulation, using Laplace method to being connected between different curve block
The region of not fairing carries out fairing processing, and then drivers' cab glass is added on fundamental surface, is finally added in nose cone both sides
Nose cone drainage way, so as to obtain complete nose cone profile.
In the formula that each line style determined above is applied, it can be seen that it is determined that having in the formula of each line style many
Individual variable element, these parameters can influence the final concrete shape of line style, be called key parameter, therefore, in step s 2, remove
Determine to need in parameterization design method first outside correlation formula, in addition it is also necessary to carry out the extraction of key parameter.
The extraction of design parameter is by the final performance for determining parametric surface design, to obtain aeroperformance and appearance design
In preferable head shape of high-speed train, the embodiment that provides of the present invention by the influence according to design parameter to aerodynamic performance of train and
An appropriate number of design parameter is extracted in influence to head dummy aesthetic effect.Control the design parameter such as table 1 of each region profile of head dummy
It is shown, 33 design parameters are had, wherein the shape of the crucial two-dimentional molded line of 20 state modulators, remaining 13 state modulator nose cone
The shape of the attached curved surface in area.
The design parameter of the control head dummy deformation of table 1
For different head dummys, the profile of fairing section and car body join domain is basically unchanged, therefore, controls nose cone three
Bar section molded line Tail Shape L5 parameter A12、A22And A32For definite value, the ginseng of adjustment is needed in head dummy design and optimization process
Number has 30.
As Fig. 7 gives different head shape of high-speed train, it can be seen that by the value of adjusted design parameter, can obtain
Entirely different head configuration.Three section molded line of control nose cone profile determine the elementary contour of head dummy, pilot region
The change of molded line greatly enriches the shape of head dummy.The shape of drivers' cab glass and the change of nose cone drainage way can enter one
The trickle profile of successive step head dummy.
Determine in step s 2 in design process, it is necessary to the key design parameter used, and each two-dimensional curve, same to machine
The formula that room glass, nose cone drainage should be used, in step s3, it is necessary to according to these data, carry out the design of EMUs head dummy,
When the span of design parameter is larger, i.e., when design space is larger, using design parameter as independent variable, design objective is dependent variable
Function be usually multi peak value, if not applying constraints, when solving indirect problem, many solution problems often occur.
Now, suitable profile can be chosen according to actual engineering demand, the quantity of solution can also be reduced by applying constraints.
In the embodiment that the present invention is provided, the design of head dummy is realized using mimetic design method.
Mimetic design embodiment of the method one：Realization without constraint mimetic design method.
Response surface model based on structure, the Implicitly function that can quickly obtain each design parameter and design objective is expressed
Formula, after design objective is given, the corresponding design parameter value of given design objective can be obtained by solving the expression formula, due to
Explicit function expression formula can not be obtained, it is difficult to which equation is solved by conventional method, therefore, in the hair embodiment that the present invention is provided,
The solution for meeting and requiring, when not considering constraints, the fitness letter of PSO algorithms are found in design space using PSO algorithms
Number is formula (20), wherein, CpdFor the predicted value of response surface model, CtgFor the desired value of design objective.
Fit=| cpd-ctg| (20)
In step s3, using CDF numerical simulation softwares as basic tool, using key Design index and constraints as design
Target, the key design parameter of design object is met using mimetic design method, is then moved according to key design parameter
The initial head dummy of car group.In the design process, it is determined that design object, that is, C is determinedtgValue, by formula 20, it is determined that accordingly
CpdValue, i.e. according to formula 20, it is determined that and CtgThe equal C of valuepdValue, so that it is determined that corresponding key design parameter, by each key
Design parameter is updated in the respective formula of each two-dimentional line style determined in step S2 respectively, obtains different different curves,
Then basic curved profile is gone out by crucial Two dimensional control curve simulation, using Laplace method between different curve block
The region for connecting not fairing carries out fairing processing, then drivers' cab glass is added on fundamental surface, finally in nose cone both sides
Nose cone drainage way is added, so as to obtain the preliminary head dummy of complete EMUs.Fairing process can be using this general light of pula above
Along method, it will not be described here.
Because function expression is multi-peak problem, no constraint or constrain it is very weak in the case of, meet same set
The possible more than one set of value of the design parameter of desired value is counted, therefore, for same design objective value, obtained bullet train head
Type may also more than one.
Fig. 8 is given using vehicle aerodynamic drag as design objective, and the value of design objective obtain three counter is set when being 0.3
Count profile, it can be seen that when the value of design objective is identical, obtained head shape of high-speed train is significantly different, and this is also indicated that without about
There is more solution in mimetic design during beam condition, when designing head dummy for engineering problem, should be chosen according to the need for specific
Rational solution.There is significant curvature discontinuity zone in Nose1 and Nose3 nose cone, and Nose1 nose cone width is bigger,
Nose2 nose cone dullness is very big, and pilot is a pointed cone.The maximum differential of the vehicle aerodynamic drag of three head dummys is only
3.2%, the worst error with design objective value is 3.13%, meets engineering design requirements, demonstrates the implementation that the present invention is provided
The validity for the response surface model that example is built.
The pneumatic drag coefficient and fairing section that table 2 gives each section compartment of mimetic design profile corresponding with Fig. 8 hold
Product, it can be seen that, although the vehicle pneumatic drag coefficient of three profiles is basically identical, but the pneumatic drag coefficient difference in each compartment
Larger, Nose1 head car pneumatic drag coefficient is minimum, but trailer pneumatic drag coefficient is maximum, Nose3 head car aerodynamic drag
Coefficient is maximum, but trailer pneumatic drag coefficient is minimum, and Nose2 head, trailer pneumatic drag coefficient are in medium level, but middle
The pneumatic drag coefficient of car is maximum.In three mimetic design profiles, Nose2 fairing section volume is maximum, is meeting pneumatic set
On the premise of counting index, it is always desirable to the sufficiently large head dummy of fairing section volume can be obtained, to increase drivers' cab space, just
In arranging apparatus and raising operation comfort, therefore, more meeting the mimetic design method of engineering requirements should add necessary
Constraints, so as to filter out the head dummy for being unsatisfactory for design requirement, reduces the blindness of head dummy design.
The pneumatic drag coefficient and fairing section volume of each mimetic design profile as T-Cd=0.3 of table 2
Fig. 9 is given using fairing section volume as design objective, and desired value obtained three mimetic designs when being 0.03
Profile, the nose cone dullness of three head dummys is all very big, and is all plat wide type nose cone, it is seen then that nose cone vertical section molded line and horizontal profile
The volume influence of type curvature of a curve convection current line style part is very big；Nose1 nose cone drainage trough is deeper, Nose2 and Nose3 nose cone
Drainage trough is very shallow, and the design method convection current line style partial volume influence for showing drainage trough is not very big, its specific design side
Formula should be determined according to the aerodynamic characteristic of head dummy.
Mimetic design embodiment of the method two：The realization of Constrained mimetic design method.
, it is necessary to which the constraints considered is many during the practice of engineering design of head shape of high-speed train, head dummy not only will
Space necessary to arranging apparatus and drivers' cab operation is met, and to meet some important pneumatic design indexs.Therefore, have
The mimetic design method of constraint is to need one of key issue of solution.
For given design space, whether the solution for whether rationally directly influencing mimetic design of constraint addition is reasonable, mistake
Strong constraints is easily caused the failure of mimetic design solution, therefore, when solving engineering problem, should meet actual need
Weaken constraints in the case of asking as far as possible, in order to find more rational solutions.
When considering constraints, the object function of PSO algorithms should be redefined, what the embodiment that the present invention is provided considered
Constraints is mainly the limit value of design objective, and the constraints of geometry variable is mainly carried out by the span of design variable
Limit, reflect influence of the constraints to desired value by adding penalty, it is considered to object function during constraints
Such as formula (21)：
Fit=| cpd0-ctg0|+wi|cpdi-ctgi| (21)
Wherein, CpdoThe desired value predicted for response surface model, CtgoFor given desired value, WiFor penalty factor, for
Different design objectives, can choose different values, work as WiValue be 0 when, formula (4) deteriorates to the fitness for the condition of throwing the reins to
Function, CpdiFor the predicted value of constraints, CtgiFor the limit value of constraints.
The validity for the EMUs head dummy Constrained mimetic design method that the embodiment provided for the checking present invention is proposed, below
It will be analyzed for two different design objectives.
First using vehicle pneumatic drag coefficient as design objective, fairing section volume is that constraints carries out that head dummy is counter sets
Meter, the desired value that Figure 10 gives vehicle aerodynamic drag is 0.3, and fairing section volume is not less than three obtained when 0.027
Mimetic design profile, it can be seen that compared with given desired value, Nose2 predicated error is maximum, is the pre- of 8.23%, Nose1
Survey error minimum, be 1.33%, because this patent with average forecasting error of the response surface model in design space judges mould
The precision of prediction of type, it is difficult to ensure in design space predicated error a little be both less than 5%, therefore, Nose2 predicated error
Meet design requirement more than 5%.For three mimetic design profiles, fairing section volume it is minimum for Nose1, volume is
0.0269, meet the requirement of constraints.
Table 3 gives the pneumatic drag coefficient in each section compartment corresponding with the mimetic design external form in Figure 10, it can be seen that three
The head car pneumatic drag coefficient difference of individual head dummy is very big, and Nose1 head car pneumatic drag coefficient is minimum, and Nose2 head car is pneumatic
Resistance coefficient is maximum, and both differ 12.63%；Nose2 middle car pneumatic drag coefficient is maximum, and Nose3 middle car is pneumatic
Resistance coefficient is minimum, and both differ 9.52%；Nose2 trailer pneumatic drag coefficient is maximum, Nose1 trailer aerodynamic drag
Coefficient is minimum, and both differ 14.32%.Because the train running speed that this patent gives is only each portion around 60m/s, train
Changing for bit stream can all produce influence to the flow field at other positions, and the change of head dummy will cause head, the flow field near trailer
All change, influence is produced on the flow field near middle car, causes middle car pneumatic drag coefficient to change, is entering wardrobe
Type will not only consider the change enemy of head dummy, the influence of trailer aeroperformance when designing, it is considered however that property pneumatic to middle car
The influence of energy.
The T-Cd of table 3 desired value is the aerodynamic coefficient that 0.3, Vol is not less than the mimetic design profile obtained when 0.027
For different design objective and constraints, the head dummy that mimetic design is obtained is different, and Figure 10 gives to flow
Line style partial volume Vol is design objective, and desired value is 0.0255, and vehicle pneumatic drag coefficient T-Cd is constraints, and
T-Cd is not more than the three mimetic design external forms obtained when 0.28, it can be seen that the fairing section of each mimetic design external form
The value of volume and desired value are basically identical, worst error be only 0.78%, Nose1 and Nose3 vehicle pneumatic drag coefficient all
Constraints is unsatisfactory for, Nose1 vehicle pneumatic drag coefficient is more pneumatic than big 2%, the Nose3 of higher limit of constraints vehicle
Resistance coefficient is bigger than the higher limit of constraints by 3.93%, and this is mainly as caused by the precision of prediction of response surface model.Due to
Average forecasting error of the given response surface model of this patent in design space is 5%, therefore, the actual mesh of mimetic design external form
Difference is allowed for scale value and binding target and given desired value and constraints, should if to reduce this difference
The precision of prediction of response surface model is improved as far as possible, and so can constantly increase Flow Field Calculation amount, is asked for engineering is actual
When topic carries out head dummy mimetic design, two aspect factors should be taken into full account, and then determine rational predicated error.
Figure 11 fairing sections volume is 0.0255, and vehicle pneumatic drag coefficient is not more than outside the mimetic design obtained when 0.28
Shape
Table 4 gives the pneumatic drag coefficient in each section compartment corresponding with the mimetic design external form in Figure 11, it can be seen that right
In identical fairing section volume, head, in, the pneumatic drag coefficient of trailer change greatly, especially trailer, absolute difference is most
Big value has reached 0.0081, and the pneumatic drag coefficient amplitude of variation of head car is bigger than the pneumatic drag coefficient amplitude of variation of middle car,
Show that the change enemy of head dummy, the pneumatic drag coefficient influence of trailer are more than the influence to the pneumatic drag coefficient of middle car, but
It is that permutation car is among subsonic speed flow field, the change of local flow field can all produce large effect to whole flow field.
The Vol of table 4 desired value is the aerodynamic coefficient that 0.0255, T-Cd is not more than the mimetic design profile obtained when 0.28
Mimetic design embodiment three：Realization of two targets without constraint mimetic design method
The Run-time scenario of bullet train is sufficiently complex, operation, train crossing, each scene in such as open-wire line operation, tunnel
Under the conditions of, the head dummy of train is created a great impression to aerodynamic performance of train, needs to consider many pneumatic when carrying out head dummy design
Design objective, only frequently can lead to other pneumatic design indexs to the head dummy that single design objective progress mimetic design is obtained and is deteriorated,
Therefore, the single goal Aerodynamic Inverse Design method of head dummy is also difficult to meet practice of engineering design requirement, necessary development multiple target
Aerodynamic Inverse Design method.
There is significant non-linear relation between the key design parameter of head shape of high-speed train and pneumatic index, carry out head dummy
Aerodynamic Inverse Design technique study, be substantially to solve for complex nonlinear equation or equation group, set for each the counter of pneumatic index
Meter, that is, solve a complicated nonlinear equation, and pneumatic design index is more, it is necessary to which the equation solved is more, and problem is also more multiple
It is miscellaneous.For multiple target Aerodynamic Inverse Design method, it is desirable to there is at least one identical solution between each equation, in given solution domain
It is interior, do not ensure that equation group has such solution, after strict constraints is added, such solution is more difficult to exist.
To ensure the smooth realization of multiple target Aerodynamic Inverse Design method, and the design outline of requirement is met, first should
Rational design space is given, on the premise of constraints is met, the span of each design parameter need to be increased as far as possible, with
It is easy to find more solutions；In addition, when solving mimetic design problem using optimized algorithm, the given way of object function also can shadow
The result of mimetic design is rung, is that, to each one weight of design objective, weight is bigger, corresponding to set using more method at present
The importance for counting index is stronger, by adjusting weights, can significantly improve the feasibility of mimetic design result.
Multiple target head dummy mimetic design method based on PSO algorithms, the given object function of this patent is：
Wherein, WiFor weight, andN is the quantity of design objective, by adjusting WiValue, can be targetedly
The significance level of each design objective, CpdiFor the response surface model predicted value of i-th of design objective, CtgiFor i-th of design objective
Desired value.
For two targets without constraint mimetic design, design objective is vehicle pneumatic drag coefficient and fairing section volume, Wi
Value be 0.5, that is, put on an equal footing two design objectives.Figure 12 is given when the value of vehicle pneumatic drag coefficient is 0.294, is flowed
Two mimetic design profiles when the value of line style partial volume is 0.0254, the value of the two design objectives and the value phase of original shape
Together, but obtained profile has larger difference with original shape, it is given design condition that this, which is primarily due to original shape,
In all profiles a kind of special circumstances, if wanting to obtain original shape according to design condition, PSO algorithms need to be used in design space
The optimizing that interior progress is repeated several times, until obtaining all solutions for meeting condition, then therefrom chooses the profile of needs.Nose1
Desired value with Nose2 fairing section volume and vehicle pneumatic drag coefficient and given design objective is basically identical, table
It is bright that the mimetic design profile met to target value can be found in design space.
With reference to the embodiment of three kinds of mimetic design methods, it should also comprise the following steps in step S3：
S31, using key Design index and constraints as design object, it is first determined the expression formula of Two dimensional control molded line,
The key design parameter of design object is met using mimetic design method, can excessively each corresponding expression formula, obtain each control type
Line, basic curved profile is gone out by crucial Two dimensional control curve simulation；
S32, fairing processing is carried out to the region that not fairing is connected between different curve block；
S33, obtains drivers' cab glass using mimetic design method and is added on fundamental surface；
S34, adds nose cone drainage way, so as to obtain complete nose cone profile in nose cone both sides.
In actual applications, can be as needed, any in the mimetic design method provided in the selection embodiment of the present invention
The design for carrying out step S3 is planted, the initial head dummy of design objective is met.Head dummy now, although at the beginning of meeting design
The requirement of key Design index, but possible aesthetics is not very high, therefore the initial head dummy obtained by step S3, can be further
Attractive in appearanceization processing is carried out, in step s 4, by finely tuning the value of key design parameter, is manually adjusted, initial head dummy is entered
The Art design of row correction of the flank shape formula, obtains aesthetics preferably basic head dummy.
The basic head dummy that step S4 is obtained, by CFD method for numerical simulation, by existing technical method, is such as calculated
Machine software, program or formula, the calculating in terms of carrying out hydrodynamics to obtained basic head dummy, assess the pneumatic of basic head dummy
Can performance, the head dummy of checking design touch the mark, e.g., and when using fairing section volume as design objective, and desired value is
When 0.03, by mimetic design method embodiment one, three head dummys can be obtained, as shown in Fig. 9, by CFD method for numerical simulation,
Calculate each head dummy and corresponding partial volume value respectively again, from compared with the design object value at the beginning of design, Nose1 error is most
Greatly, the error for being 4.83%, Nose3 is minimum, is 3%, is satisfied by design requirement, and the nose cone dullness of three head dummys is all very big, and
All it is plat wide type nose cone, it is seen then that nose cone vertical section molded line and the influence of the volume of horizontal profile type curvature of a curve convection current line style part
It is very big；Nose1 nose cone drainage trough is deeper, and Nose2 and Nose3 nose cone drainage trough are very shallow, show the design method of drainage trough
The influence of convection current line style partial volume is not very big.
Equally, set for can obtain multiple satisfactions that meet by mimetic design method embodiment two or mimetic design method embodiment three
Desired head dummy is counted, now, suitable head dummy can be chosen according to real needs.
Empirical tests, meet the basic head dummy of design objective, are the aeroperformance of further lifting head dummy, reach and most reach shape
State, in addition it is also necessary to carry out step S6, using global optimization approach, targetedly optimization design is carried out to basic head dummy, such as further
Adjusted design parameter, improves the performance of key Design index, obtains the good optimization head dummy of aeroperformance.Global optimization approach,
It is prior art for the general designation of a variety of optimized algorithms, specifically using which kind of, does not have too much influence to optimum results, herein not
Repeat again.
It should be noted that in step S4 and S6, the method by adjusting key design parameter value is carried out to head dummy
Art designing or do optimizes, and design parameter is updated in the homologous thread formula determined in step S2, entered by each adjusted design parameter
Enter step S3, using mimetic design method, retrieve corresponding curved surface, further carry out the operation such as surface fitting, fairing processing, shape
Into art designing, revised head dummy, and step S5 checking is carried out, i.e., be adjusted by step S4 after parameter, resume at step S3,
Obtain EMUs head dummy, now obtain for basic head dummy, without entering step S4, step S5 is directly entered, to obtained head
Type is verified, and carries out step S6 optimization design, when the optimization design for carrying out step S6, further adjusted design parameter
When, the design parameter after optimizing and revising is acted on behalf of in the homologous thread formula of step S2 determinations, and resume at step S3 is set using counter
Meter method, retrieves corresponding curved surface, and obtains doing the head dummy after optimizing, then carries out step S5 checking, skips step S6, enters
Enter step S7, carry out last checking, analyze the aeroperformance of head dummy, obtain final EMUs head dummy design outline.
In step S7, CFD assessments, wind tunnel test and the checking of moving model experiment are related to what is carried out in the prior art to test
Card is identical, using prior art, for specific assessment, verification method, does not specifically describe herein.
In summary, the present invention is provided a kind of axle box processing flexibility production line and processing method, use computer aided manufacturing
Help design software to be processed simulation, be prevented effectively from and hit knife, interference situation；Operating personnel can directly adjust in supervisory control desk
Control each machining center to carry out digital control processing with different automobile types nc program, carry out people's multiple air combat；Linear pallet system
System accurate positioning, precision is high；Axle box processing method can simplify the Ministry of worker, easy to process quick, and crudy can be effectively ensured；
The parallel production of rolling stock multi-vehicle-type axle box processing can be achieved, production efficiency is improved, it is ensured that product quality；Axle box can be improved
The technological level of body processing, compact layout and structure saves space.
As described above, with reference to given plan content, similar technical scheme can be derived.In every case it is without departing from this
The content of inventive technique scheme, any simple modification, equivalent change that the technical spirit according to the present invention is made to above example
Change with modification, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of EMUs head dummy design method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps,
S1, key Design index and main pneumatic restraint condition and geometry constraint conditions are determined according to engineering demand；
S2, using the EMUs head dummy three-dimensional geometry Parameters design that disclosure satisfy that design requirement, correct shape parameter is done
Optimization, and extract key design parameter；
S3, using key Design index and constraints as design object, the pass of design object is met using mimetic design method
Key design parameter, then obtains the initial head dummy of EMUs according to key design parameter；
S4, finely tunes the value of key design parameter, and the Art design of correction of the flank shape formula is carried out to initial head dummy, obtains the substantially outer of head dummy
Shape；
S5, assesses the aeroperformance of basic head dummy, and can the head dummy of checking design reach design objective；
S6, targetedly optimization design is carried out to basic head dummy, is improved the performance of key Design index, is obtained aeroperformance good
Do optimization head dummy；
S7, verifies to optimization head dummy, analyzes the aeroperformance of head dummy, obtains final EMUs head dummy design external form.
2. a kind of EMUs head dummy design method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：EMUs head dummy three-dimensional geometry is joined
Number includes crucial Controlling outline curve, drivers' cab glass profile and the position and nose cone drainage shape and position of EMUs nose cone geometry external form
Put.
3. a kind of EMUs head dummy design method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：EMUs nose cone geometry external form
Crucial Controlling outline curve includes the profile control line L1 of the vertical part surface, and/or profile control line L2 in troubleshooting region, and/or level is cutd open
Profile control line L3, L4, and/or maximum mode cross section of face and bottom sectional profile control line L5.
4. a kind of EMUs head dummy design method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：EMUs nose cone geometry external form
In crucial Controlling outline curve, L1, L3, L4 are designed using VMF parametric methods.
5. a kind of EMUs head dummy design method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：L2 is carried out using nurbs curve
Parametric designing.
6. a kind of EMUs head dummy design method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：L2 is three MURBS songs
Line, totally 5 design points.
7. a kind of EMUs head dummy design method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：S3 points of step is following steps,
S31, using key Design index and constraints as design object, it is first determined the expression formula of Two dimensional control molded line, is used
Mimetic design method is met the key design parameter of design object, can excessively each corresponding expression formula, obtain each Controlling outline curve, lead to
Cross crucial Two dimensional control curve simulation and go out basic curved profile；
S32, fairing processing is carried out to the region that not fairing is connected between different curve block；
S33, obtains drivers' cab glass using mimetic design method and is added on fundamental surface；
S34, adds nose cone drainage way, so as to obtain complete nose cone profile in nose cone both sides.
8. a kind of EMUs head dummy design method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Using this smoothing method of pula to not
Fairing processing is carried out with the region that not fairing is connected between surface patch.
9. a kind of EMUs head dummy design method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：When carrying out mimetic design, use
Optimized algorithm, finds the corresponding key design parameter for meeting and requiring in design space.
10. a kind of EMUs head dummy design method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Using global optimization approach pair
Basic head dummy carries out targetedly optimization design.
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| CN112319237A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-05 | 交控科技股份有限公司 | Traction braking control method and device for distributed power train |
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| CN113536712A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-22 | 软通智慧信息技术有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and storage medium for optimizing design of automobile appearance parameters |
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Application publication date: 20170915 |