CN107167809A - It is a kind of that array beamforming method is blocked based on the broadband that signal subspace is focused on - Google Patents

It is a kind of that array beamforming method is blocked based on the broadband that signal subspace is focused on Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107167809A
CN107167809A CN201710448380.9A CN201710448380A CN107167809A CN 107167809 A CN107167809 A CN 107167809A CN 201710448380 A CN201710448380 A CN 201710448380A CN 107167809 A CN107167809 A CN 107167809A
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signal
broadband
focused
subband
obstruction
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CN107167809B (en
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生雪莉
芦嘉
石亚莉
陆典
郭龙祥
殷敬伟
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is to provide a kind of broadband obstruction array beamforming method focused on based on signal subspace.1st, signal bandwidth is divided into J subband；2nd, the data covariance matrix of j-th of subband is done into feature decomposition, obtains signal subspace and characteristic value；3rd, setting focuses on frequency, and designs the focussing matrix of j-th of subband；4th, conversion is focused to j-th of subband data；5th, design focuses on the obstruction battle array at frequency, and the data after focusing are blocked；6th, the data after obstruction are carried out with Wave beam forming, estimation desired signal orientation using weight vector.The present invention reduces broadband by Wideband Focusing and blocks number of times, improves arithmetic speed；Take and signal subspace is focused on into same frequency rather than signal component is focused on into same frequency, the influence of noise can be reduced, improve main secondary lobe ratio；Focussing matrix is unitary matrice simultaneously, will not change output signal-to-noise ratio, the statistical property of noise is not destroyed yet.

Description

It is a kind of that array beamforming method is blocked based on the broadband that signal subspace is focused on
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sonar signal processing method, specifically a kind of broadband signal major lobe suppression suppresses Beamforming Method.
Background technology
The signal that array element is received can form the directive property of design after being handled by basic matrix reception system Wave beam forming；Can Filtering environmental noise, improves signal to noise ratio；Airspace filter can be carried out, suppresses space interference；Carrying out multi-sources distinguishing, there is provided target Estimate in orientation；It can position or be created conditions apart from, estimation of Depth for target；And provide information for target identification.Compared to Simple signal, broadband signal includes more fully target information, makes it in target detection, Estimation of Parameters, target's feature-extraction etc. Aspect has stronger advantage, therefore just has bigger researching value on the beamforming algorithm of broadband signal.
When receiving in signal containing interference signal, it is necessary to suppress to interference signal, when interference is located at beam side lobe When, solution is more, and during positioned at main lobe, solution is less.It is common main lobe interference suppression method to block battle array, at present Obstruction battle array is studied the directions such as main beam distortion suppression, broadband signal typically taken traditional mainly or for narrow band signal Divide sub-band approach, lack of targeted design.Conventional broadband blocks battle array performance compared to arrowband or simple signal obstruction battle array performance Decline obvious, secondary lobe height, be unsuitable for Low SNR.
Therefore special broadband signal obstruction battle array processing method is studied, improving performance broadband obstruction battle array performance has actual work Cheng Yiyi.
The content of the invention
It is fast it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of arithmetic speed, can reduce noise influence it is poly- based on signal subspace Burnt broadband obstruction array beamforming method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：
Step 1, signal bandwidth is divided into J subband, docking, which is collected mail, number does Fourier transformation, obtains broadband frequency domain snap XjAnd covariance matrix Rj；
Step 2, the data covariance matrix R by j-th of subbandjFeature decomposition is done, signal subspace U is obtainedjAnd characteristic value Λj；
Step 3, setting focus on frequency f0(subscript 0 represents focusing frequency), and design the focussing matrix of j-th of subbandU0For the signal subspace at focusing frequency；
Step 4, conversion is focused to j-th of subband dataAverage is taken as the association under Wideband Focusing Variance matrix RT；
Step 5, design focus on the obstruction battle array B at frequency, and obstruction R=BR is carried out to the data after focusingTBH；
Step 6, using weight vector w the data after obstruction are carried out with Wave beam forming, estimation desired signal orientation.
The present invention can also include：
1st, step 1 is specifically included：The broadband frequency domain output of receiving station is designated as X=[X1,X2,...,Xj,...XJ], in formula, J-th of subband frequency domain output is expressed as Xj=aj(θs)Ssj+aj(θi)Sij+Nj；Ssj, SijRespectively desired signal and interference signal, aj(θs), aj(θi) it is respectively the steering vector of the two, NjFor noise, covariance matrix
2nd, step 2 is specifically included：Feature decomposition is expressed asUjFor signal subspace, ΛjFor spy Value indicative,For variance, I is unit matrix.
3rd, step 3 is specifically included：Focussing matrix TjMeetIt is unitary matrice.
4th, step 4 is specifically included：The covariance matrix of j-th of subband is after focusingTake averageIt is used as the covariance matrix under Wideband Focusing.
5th, obstruction battle array B is expressed as
It is interference signal in f0Locate the covariance matrix R=BR after the phase difference between adjacent array element, obstructionTBH。
6th, weight vector w=R-1a′0/(a′0 HR-1A '), a '0=BBHa0, a0For f0The steering vector at place.
When being located to solve interference signal in main lobe, conventional broadband obstruction battle array degradation problem, present invention combination broadband Focus on thought, it is proposed that a kind of broadband obstruction array beamforming method (abbreviation subspace focusing focused on based on signal subspace Block battle array).
The present invention reduces broadband by Wideband Focusing and blocks number of times, improves arithmetic speed；Take signal subspace Focus on same frequency rather than signal component is focused on into same frequency, the influence of noise can be reduced, improve main secondary lobe ratio；Simultaneously Focussing matrix is unitary matrice, will not change output signal-to-noise ratio, and the statistical property of noise is not destroyed yet.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that sonar plane wave far field receives schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that array beamforming flow chart is blocked in the broadband focused on based on signal subspace.
Fig. 3 a- Fig. 3 d are conventional broadband obstruction array beamforming simulation results, wherein：Fig. 3 a, θi=2 °；Fig. 3 b, θi= 5°；Fig. 3 c, θi=10 °；Fig. 3 d, θi=30 °.
Fig. 4 a- Fig. 4 d are that subspace focuses on obstruction array beamforming simulation result, wherein：Fig. 4 a, θi=2 °；Fig. 4 b, θi= 5°；Fig. 4 c, θi=10 °；Fig. 4 d, θi=30 °.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the broadband obstruction array beam shape focused on based on signal subspace that the present invention is provided is described in detail Into method.
In the present embodiment, Fig. 1 receives for sonar plane wave far field expects that echo and interference echo all come in schematic diagram, figure From far field.
Fig. 2 is that array beamforming method schematic diagram is blocked in the broadband focused on based on signal subspace.According to the present embodiment, place Manage flow as follows：
Broadband signal bandwidth is divided into J subband first, Fourier transformation is done to it, the broadband frequency domain of receiving station is defeated Go out to be designated as
X=[X1,X2,...,Xj,...XJ]
Wherein j-th subband frequency domain output is represented by
Xj=aj(θs)Ssj+aj(θi)Sij+Nj
Wherein, aj(θs) it is signal guide vector；aj(θi) it is interference steering vector；SsjExported for signal frequency domain；SijIt is dry Scramble domain output；NjFor the noise frequency domain output of j-th of subband.
The covariance matrix of j-th of subband is represented byIts feature decomposition can be obtained
U in formulajIt is signal subspace, ΛjIt is characteristic value,For variance, I is unit matrix.The core of Wideband Focusing is Each frequency signal components are moved in identical frequency, are uniformly processed.Signal subspace is focused on into identical frequency also may be used Reach this purpose.
Remember X0To focus on the frequency domain data at frequency, while representing focusing frequency with subscript " 0 ".Selection Center frequency is made For focusing frequency.Design focusing frequency as follows
Wherein U0For the signal subspace at focusing frequency.
Conversion is focused to j-th of subband data
The signal subspace of each frequency has been unified on focusing frequency by focusing transform.And meet
Wherein focussing matrix TjIt is unitary matrice, then converts and do not change output signal-to-noise ratio, the statistical property of noise is not destroyed yet.
Data covariance matrix after conversion is designated asAnd average is taken as the association under Wideband Focusing Variance matrix
Designing the obstruction matrix representation focused at frequency is
Wherein,It is interference signal in focusing frequency f0Locate the phase difference between adjacent array element.
Data after focusing are blocked, the covariance matrix after obstruction is expressed as R=BRTBH。
Weight vector can be expressed as
W=R-1a′0/(a′0 HR-1a′)
Wherein a '0=BBHa0, a0For focusing frequency f0The steering vector at place.
The data after obstruction are carried out with Wave beam forming, estimation desired signal orientation using weight vector.
With reference to specific simulation example, the broadband obstruction battle array relatively more proposed by the present invention focused on based on signal subspace with Conventional broadband blocks battle array performance.
Signal is broadband noise signal, centre frequency 8kHz, bandwidth 2kHz, pulsewidth 100ms.Using 16 yuan of even linear arrays, Half-wave long spacing (correspondence centre frequency).Subband is divided with 100Hz width in signal bandwidth.Fig. 3 a- Fig. 3 d are conventional broadband Desired signal is in 0 ° of direction in obstruction array beamforming simulation result figure, figure, and interference signal is respectively from 2 °, 5 °, 10 °, 30 ° of sides To SNR=10dB, INR=-40dB.When interference signal angle is more than 5 °, conventional broadband obstruction battle array can effectively suppress interference letter Number, and correct wave beam output is formed in desired signal direction, when interference signal angle is 2 °, although realizing interference suppression System, but null causes the beam main lobe in desired signal direction to be less than secondary lobe, and performance impact is larger.
Fig. 4 a- Fig. 4 d are that subspace focuses on obstruction array beamforming simulation result figure.It is advance using subspace focusing algorithm Processing can improve conventional broadband obstruction battle array performance, when interference signal angle is 2 °, and main lobe position is correct and higher than secondary lobe, dry When disturbing signal angle more than 5 °, subspace focuses on the direction finding of obstruction battle array accurately, and there is relatively low secondary lobe in whole interval.With Fig. 3 a- Fig. 3 d contrasts understand that subspace focuses on obstruction battle array and blocks battle array compared to conventional broadband, can effectively improve main secondary lobe ratio, in interference With desired signal at a distance of it is nearer when, remain to it is effective suppress interference while tell desired signal orientation.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of block array beamforming method based on the broadband that signal subspace is focused on, it is characterized in that：
Step 1, signal bandwidth is divided into J subband, docking, which is collected mail, number does Fourier transformation, obtains broadband frequency domain snap XjAnd Covariance matrix Rj；
Step 2, the data covariance matrix R by j-th of subbandjFeature decomposition is done, signal subspace U is obtainedjWith characteristic value Λj；
Step 3, setting focus on frequency f0, and design the focussing matrix of j-th of subbandU0For the letter at focusing frequency Work song space；
Step 4, conversion is focused to j-th of subband dataAverage is taken as the covariance under Wideband Focusing Matrix RT；
Step 5, design focus on the obstruction battle array B at frequency, and obstruction R=BR is carried out to the data after focusingTBH；
Step 6, using weight vector w the data after obstruction are carried out with Wave beam forming, estimation desired signal orientation.
2. according to claim 1 block array beamforming method based on the broadband that signal subspace is focused on, it is characterized in that Step 1 is specifically included：The broadband frequency domain output of receiving station is designated as X=[X1,X2,...,Xj,...XJ], in formula, j-th of subband frequency Domain output is expressed as Xj=aj(θs)Ssj+aj(θi)Sij+Nj；Ssj, SijRespectively desired signal and interference signal, aj(θs), aj (θi) it is respectively the steering vector of the two, NjFor noise, covariance matrix
3. according to claim 2 block array beamforming method based on the broadband that signal subspace is focused on, it is characterized in that Step 2 is specifically included：Feature decomposition is expressed asUjFor signal subspace, ΛjIt is characterized value,For Variance, I is unit matrix.
4. according to claim 3 block array beamforming method based on the broadband that signal subspace is focused on, it is characterized in that Step 3 is specifically included：Focussing matrix TjMeetIt is unitary matrice.
5. according to claim 4 block array beamforming method based on the broadband that signal subspace is focused on, it is characterized in that Step 4 is specifically included：The covariance matrix of j-th of subband is after focusingTake averageAs Covariance matrix under Wideband Focusing.
6. according to claim 5 block array beamforming method based on the broadband that signal subspace is focused on, it is characterized in that Obstruction battle array B is expressed as
It is interference signal in f0Locate the covariance matrix R=BR after the phase difference between adjacent array element, obstructionTBH。
7. according to claim 6 block array beamforming method based on the broadband that signal subspace is focused on, it is characterized in that Weight vectora′0=BBHa0, a0For f0The steering vector at place.
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Cited By (2)

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CN111245490A (en) * 2019-11-08 2020-06-05 潘峰 Broadband signal extraction method and device and electronic equipment
CN112269179A (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-01-26 中国船舶重工集团公司七五0试验场 Airspace high-resolution detection method for low-noise target

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CN102664666A (en) * 2012-04-09 2012-09-12 电子科技大学 Efficient robust self-adapting beam forming method of broadband
US8565446B1 (en) * 2010-01-12 2013-10-22 Acoustic Technologies, Inc. Estimating direction of arrival from plural microphones
CN103913732A (en) * 2014-04-10 2014-07-09 西安电子科技大学 Multicarrier frequency MIMO radar high-speed target angle estimation method
CN105741236A (en) * 2016-02-29 2016-07-06 天津大学 Generalized side-lobe blanking method for ultrasonic system images

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GB2414150A (en) * 2004-05-14 2005-11-16 Mitel Networks Corp Generalised side lobe cancellor (gsc) structure in which the adaptive process is performed via a plurality of beamformers in parallel
US8565446B1 (en) * 2010-01-12 2013-10-22 Acoustic Technologies, Inc. Estimating direction of arrival from plural microphones
CN102664666A (en) * 2012-04-09 2012-09-12 电子科技大学 Efficient robust self-adapting beam forming method of broadband
CN103913732A (en) * 2014-04-10 2014-07-09 西安电子科技大学 Multicarrier frequency MIMO radar high-speed target angle estimation method
CN105741236A (en) * 2016-02-29 2016-07-06 天津大学 Generalized side-lobe blanking method for ultrasonic system images

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CN111245490A (en) * 2019-11-08 2020-06-05 潘峰 Broadband signal extraction method and device and electronic equipment
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CN112269179A (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-01-26 中国船舶重工集团公司七五0试验场 Airspace high-resolution detection method for low-noise target
CN112269179B (en) * 2020-09-30 2023-10-27 中国船舶重工集团公司七五0试验场 Airspace high-resolution detection method for low-noise target

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