CN107167269A - 一种应变式电子测力计 - Google Patents

一种应变式电子测力计 Download PDF

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CN107167269A
CN107167269A CN201710403287.6A CN201710403287A CN107167269A CN 107167269 A CN107167269 A CN 107167269A CN 201710403287 A CN201710403287 A CN 201710403287A CN 107167269 A CN107167269 A CN 107167269A
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黄克亚
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
    • G01L1/225—Measuring circuits therefor
    • G01L1/2262—Measuring circuits therefor involving simple electrical bridges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
    • G01L1/225—Measuring circuits therefor
    • G01L1/2256—Measuring circuits therefor involving digital counting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
    • G01L1/2268—Arrangements for correcting or for compensating unwanted effects
    • G01L1/2281—Arrangements for correcting or for compensating unwanted effects for temperature variations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
    • G01L19/08—Means for indicating or recording, e.g. for remote indication
    • G01L19/083—Means for indicating or recording, e.g. for remote indication electrical
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
    • G01L19/08—Means for indicating or recording, e.g. for remote indication
    • G01L19/12—Alarms or signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G01L9/02—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning
    • G01L9/04—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning of resistance-strain gauges
    • G01L9/045—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning of resistance-strain gauges with electric temperature compensating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G05B19/0423—Input/output
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/21—Pc I-O input output
    • G05B2219/21137—Analog to digital conversion, ADC, DAC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/26—Pc applications
    • G05B2219/2622—Press

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种应变式电子测力计，其包括：单片机、LCD显示器、报警电路、电源控制电路、等强度梁应变、电阻应变式传感器、电桥电路、信号处理与放大电路、A/D转换电路。LCD显示器、报警电路、电源控制电路和单片机相连，等强度梁应变经电阻应变式传感器、电桥电路、信号处理与放大电路、A/D转换电路连接单片机。系统测量时，被测力通过等强度梁转化为梁的应变，采用电阻应变式传感器测量应力的大小，经电桥转换、放大处理、模数转换后送单片机，并显示于LCD显示器上，当力大小超过设定值时，可采用蜂鸣器报警。该测力计具有结构简单便于携带、操作方便、显示直观及精度高等优点。

Description

一种应变式电子测力计
技术领域
本发明涉及传感器原理及应用和单片机控制技术等技术领域，特别涉及一种应变式电子测力计。
背景技术
测力仪，又叫测力计，分为数字式测力仪和机械式测力仪( 指针式) 两种。测力仪广泛应用于电气、包装、汽车加工和医疗等行业。传统的测力仪是根据材料的力学性质设计的，如弹簧测力计。电阻应变式传感器是以电阻应变计为转换元件的电阻式传感器。其由弹性敏元件、电阻应变计、补偿电阻和外壳组成，可根据具体测量要求设计成多种结构形式。弹性敏感元件受到所测量的力产生变形，并使附着其上的电阻应变计一起变形。电阻应变计再将变形转换为电阻值的变化，从而测量拉力、压力、扭矩、位移、加速度和温度等多种物理量。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，发明一种应变式电子测力计。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种应变式电子测力计，其包括：单片机、LCD显示器、报警电路、电源控制电路、等强度梁应变、电阻应变式传感器、电桥电路、信号处理与放大电路、A/D转换电路；LCD显示器、报警电路、电源控制电路和单片机相连，等强度梁应变经电阻应变式传感器、电桥电路、信号处理与放大电路、A/D转换电路连接单片机。
优选的，系统测量时，被测力通过等强度梁转化为梁的应变，采用电阻应变式传感器测量应力的大小，经电桥转换、放大处理、模数转换后送单片机，并显示于LCD显示器上，当力大小超过设定值时，可采用蜂鸣器报警。
优选的，所述单片机选择可在线编程的Atmel单片机AT89S52。
上述技术方案有如下有益效果：该测力计具有结构简单便于携带、操作方便、显示直观及精度高等优点。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可以依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。本发明的具体实施方式由以下实施例及其附图详细给出。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细介绍。
如图1所示，一种应变式电子测力计，其包括：1 单片机、2 LCD显示器、3 报警电路、4 电源控制电路、5 等强度梁应变、6 电阻应变式传感器、7 电桥电路、8 信号处理与放大电路、9 A/D转换电路。LCD显示器、报警电路、电源控制电路和单片机相连，等强度梁应变经电阻应变式传感器、电桥电路、信号处理与放大电路、A/D转换电路连接单片机。系统测量时，被测力通过等强度梁转化为梁的应变，采用电阻应变式传感器测量应力的大小，经电桥转换、放大处理、模数转换后送单片机，并显示于LCD显示器上，当力大小超过设定值时，可采用蜂鸣器报警。该测力计具有结构简单便于携带、操作方便、显示直观及精度高等优点。
测力计要求有较高的灵敏度，因此等强度梁选择弹簧钢作为材料。弹簧钢具有优良的冶金质量、良好的表面质量、精确的外形和尺寸。最重要的是，弹簧钢有良好的弹性，可以在动载荷环境条件下工作；具有高的屈服强度；在承受重载荷时不引起塑性变形；有高的疲劳强度，在载荷反复作用下具有长的使用寿命。在各种弹性钢中，50Cr VA 钢碳含量较小，塑性、韧性较其他弹簧钢好。少量钒可以提高弹性、强度、屈强比和弹减抗力，细化晶粒，减小脱碳倾向。设计中等强度梁材料即选为 50Cr VA 钢，其室温下的弹性模量为 206GPa，抗拉强度大于1274 MPa，屈服强度大于1127 MPa，伸长率大于10% ，断面收缩率大于40%。
电阻应变式传感器的优点是精度高，测量范围广，寿命长，结构简单，频响特性好，能在恶劣条件下工作，易于实现小型化、整体化和品种多样化等。设计中采用 BH350－3AA型康铜金属箔电阻应变片，其典型电阻值为350Ω；灵敏系数为2.00～2.20；应变极限为2.0%，可满足设计需要。直流全桥测量电路的灵敏度较高，且具有温度误差自补偿的功能，所以设计中采用直流全桥电路来进行测量。
电桥输出电压为毫伏级，需在 A/D 转换前加入一个前置差动放大电路以实现电压的放大。由于单运放在应用中要求外围电路匹配精度高、增益调整不便、差动输入阻抗低，故采用三运放结构。
报警电路主要由光电耦合器、继电器和红绿 LED 灯组成。当所测力超过设定值时，与报警电路相连的P3.0口发出低电平，通过光电耦合器驱动继电器开关，使红灯亮，反之，当小于设定值时，绿灯亮。也可接蜂鸣器进行报警，该报警阈值可针对不同的检测产品，自行设定。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的一种应变式电子测力计进行了详细介绍，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明实施例的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对发明的限制，凡依本发明设计思想所做的任何改变都在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种应变式电子测力计，其包括：单片机、LCD显示器、报警电路、电源控制电路、等强度梁应变、电阻应变式传感器、电桥电路、信号处理与放大电路、A/D转换电路；LCD显示器、报警电路、电源控制电路和单片机相连，等强度梁应变经电阻应变式传感器、电桥电路、信号处理与放大电路、A/D转换电路连接单片机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种应变式电子测力计，其特征在于，系统测量时，被测力通过等强度梁转化为梁的应变，采用电阻应变式传感器测量应力的大小，经电桥转换、放大处理、模数转换后送单片机，并显示于LCD显示器上，当力大小超过设定值时，可采用蜂鸣器报警。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种应变式电子测力计，其特征在于，所述单片机选择可在线编程的Atmel单片机AT89S52。
CN201710403287.6A 2017-06-01 2017-06-01 一种应变式电子测力计 Pending CN107167269A (zh)

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CN108152125A (zh) * 2018-03-21 2018-06-12 国网上海市电力公司 一种电力系统二次小线接线强度测试工具
CN108489810A (zh) * 2018-03-21 2018-09-04 国网上海市电力公司 一种电力系统二次小线接线强度测试方法
CN109290848A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-02-01 浙江工业大学 一种圆锯床锯切力测试装置
CN109459085A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-12 郑州海威光电科技有限公司 一种用于发电机的固定检测装置
CN110333013A (zh) * 2019-07-15 2019-10-15 承德石油高等专科学校 一种嵌入式应力传感器
CN110646075A (zh) * 2019-10-08 2020-01-03 中信戴卡股份有限公司 一种用于测量车辆轮毂载荷的形变传感器及装置、汽车

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108152125A (zh) * 2018-03-21 2018-06-12 国网上海市电力公司 一种电力系统二次小线接线强度测试工具
CN108489810A (zh) * 2018-03-21 2018-09-04 国网上海市电力公司 一种电力系统二次小线接线强度测试方法
CN109459085A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-12 郑州海威光电科技有限公司 一种用于发电机的固定检测装置
CN109290848A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-02-01 浙江工业大学 一种圆锯床锯切力测试装置
CN109290848B (zh) * 2018-11-02 2023-07-04 浙江工业大学 一种圆锯床锯切力测试装置
CN110333013A (zh) * 2019-07-15 2019-10-15 承德石油高等专科学校 一种嵌入式应力传感器
CN110646075A (zh) * 2019-10-08 2020-01-03 中信戴卡股份有限公司 一种用于测量车辆轮毂载荷的形变传感器及装置、汽车

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