CN107164633A - A kind of method of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick - Google Patents

A kind of method of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick Download PDF

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CN107164633A
CN107164633A CN201710222516.4A CN201710222516A CN107164633A CN 107164633 A CN107164633 A CN 107164633A CN 201710222516 A CN201710222516 A CN 201710222516A CN 107164633 A CN107164633 A CN 107164633A
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refractory brick
silver
argentiferous
chalcopyrite
bioleaching
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王军
赵红波
陶浪
甘晓文
廖蕤
翟蕊
覃文庆
邱冠周
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Central South University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006—Wet processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of method of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick, used first using the argentiferous refractory brick as the catalyst of chalcopyrite Bioleaching system, bioleaching process is from mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria, the refractory brick can significantly be catalyzed the Bioleaching of chalcopyrite, copper leaching rate improves more than 50% more than 90% than being not added with refractory brick in chalcopyrite；The silver in Bioleaching slag is further extracted using thiocarbamide, silver-colored comprehensive recovery directly leaches that refractory brick silver raising recovery rate is high by more than 60% up to 90% or so, than thiocarbamide, and final leached mud is mainly autunezite, can be used as sorbing material and uses.This method is simple, easy to operate, realizes the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of argentiferous refractory brick.

Description

A kind of method of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydrometallurgy and environmental protection technical field, specially a kind of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick Method.
Background technology
Chalcopyrite（CuFeS2）Account for more than the 70% of global copper resource reserves.Bioleaching technology is because with environment, cost Advantage, it is considered to be a kind of very promising mineral resources cleaning extractive technique, the technology is applied to secondary copper sulfide mineral Extraction and gold mine pre-oxidation.But, brass mineral biological lixiviation process speed is slow, easily passivation, thus is difficult to by biology Leaching-out technique high efficiency extraction, this is also the bottleneck of copper mine Biohydrometallurgy technical industryization development.Many studies have shown that, Ag+ The Bioleaching of chalcopyrite can be significantly catalyzed, but be due to silver price it is high, it is difficult reclaim, so as to limit the work of the technology Industry application.In the smelting process of argentiferous material, part silver can enter in refractory brick, as argentiferous refractory brick.Pass through Ore dressing, metallurgical method directly extract that silver process in refractory brick is complicated, the rate of recovery is low, cost is high, thus argentiferous refractory brick is logical Frequently as solid waste processing, the waste of resource and the pollution of environment are caused.
Therefore, it is resistance to first with the argentiferous present invention generally provides a kind of method of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick Firebrick is used as the catalyst of chalcopyrite Bioleaching, significantly reinforcing chalcopyrite Bioleaching, then extract Bioleaching using thiocarbamide Silver in slag, after Bioleaching, the silver in leached mud is more easy to reclaim compared with the silver in refractory brick, and final leached mud is mainly Huang Krausite, can be used as sorbing material and uses, it is achieved thereby that the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of argentiferous refractory brick.
The content of the invention
The method that the present invention provides a kind of low utilization argentiferous refractory brick of efficient, cost.
The present invention uses following technical scheme：A kind of method of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick, comprises the following steps：
（1）Argentiferous refractory brick is levigate；
（2）The levigate argentiferous refractory brick is added to chalcopyrite Bioleaching system as catalyst；
（3）After copper is leached in chalcopyrite, separation of solid and liquid is carried out, copper ion leachate and Bioleaching slag is obtained；
（4）Silver in Bioleaching slag is extracted using thiocarbamide, separation of solid and liquid is carried out, obtains silver-colored leachate and leached mud；
（5）Copper ion leachate will be obtained and silver-colored leachate carries out the extraction of copper and silver respectively, copper and silver is finally given.
Preferably, step（1）Described in argentiferous refractory brick silver content be 100~600g/t, dry type is levigate to granularity is Below 0.074mm.
Preferably, step（2）Middle argentiferous refractory brick is 1 with chalcopyrite mass ratio：5~5：1.
It is used as further preferred, step（2）Middle Bioleaching system is from mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria.
Further, step（2）Middle leaching process maintains pH to be 1.5~2.0, and temperature is 40~60 DEG C, and mixing speed is 100~600 rpm.
Preferably, it is described mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria tamed in advance, tame uses culture medium composition for：(NH4)2SO4 Content 3.0 g/L, KCl content 0.1g/L, K2HPO4Content 0.5g/L, MgSO4·7H2O content 0.5 g/L, Ca (NO3)2 Content 0.01 g/L, 1~3wt% chalcopyrite miberal powder.
Further, the concentration of the mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is more than 1.0 × 107 cells/mL。
Preferably, step（4）Middle use thiocarbamide is extracted in Bioleaching slag during silver, maintain pH be 0.8~ 1.5, mixing speed is 100~600 rpm, and temperature is 40~60 DEG C.
Further, step（4）Described in thiourea concentration be 0.1~0.8 mol/L；The leached mud is mainly yellow potassium iron Alum, is used as sorbing material.
Further preferably, the leaching rate of copper and silver is above 90%.
The present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art：The present invention provides a kind of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick Method, leached and combined by Bioleaching-thiocarbamide, using argentiferous refractory brick first as chalcopyrite Bioleaching catalyst, shown The leaching for promoting chalcopyrite is write, then the silver in Bioleaching slag, after Bioleaching, the silver in leached mud are extracted using thiocarbamide It is more easy to reclaim compared with the silver in refractory brick, final leached mud is mainly autunezite, can be used as sorbing material and uses.This method letter Single, easy to operate, copper, silver raising recovery rate reach more than 90%, and compared with single leach, copper recovery improves more than 60%, silver recovery Rate improves more than 70%, realizes the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of argentiferous refractory brick.The technique is simple, and reaction condition easily reaches, reaction Also easy to control, this technique will not bring secondary pollution to environment, and production cost is low, it is easy to accomplish industrial-scale production.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order that the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention are easy to understand, tie below Conjunction is specifically illustrating and embodiment, and the present invention is expanded on further.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to solve The present invention is released, is not intended to limit the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of method of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick comprises the following steps：
（1）Argentiferous refractory brick is levigate；
（2）The levigate argentiferous refractory brick is added to chalcopyrite Bioleaching system as catalyst；
（3）After copper is leached in chalcopyrite, separation of solid and liquid is carried out, copper ion leachate and Bioleaching slag is obtained；
（4）Silver in Bioleaching slag is extracted using thiocarbamide, separation of solid and liquid is carried out, obtains silver-colored leachate and leached mud；Leached mud Sorbing material can be used as；
（5）Copper ion leachate will be obtained and silver-colored leachate carries out the extraction of copper and silver respectively, copper and silver is finally given.
Embodiment 1：
As shown in table 1, refractory brick multielement analysis is as shown in table 2 for the chalcopyrite ore multielement analysis of selection.
The chalcopyrite multielement analysis result of table 1
Cu Fe S Al As Ba Si Cl K Ca
31.94 26.98 28.67 0.04 0.015 0.52 0.01 0.035 0.006 0.022
The refractory brick multielement analysis of table 2
Element O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K
Content/% 27.5 0.11 23.74 2.93 1.66 0.292 0.242 0.172 0.059
Element Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu
Content/% 1.1 0.0724 0.025 4.606 0.061 3.237 0.0139 0.0729 1.446
Element Zn As Rb Sr Ag Sb W Pb
Content/% 0.0495 0.688 0.0211 0.007 0.0358 1.35 0.0697 21.25
By argentiferous refractory brick dry type it is levigate to granularity be 0.074 below mm, be added to chalcopyrite Bioleaching system, the biology From mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria in Leaching Systems, the concentration of mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is more than 1.0 × 107 Cells/mL, in mixing Degree Thermophilic Bacteria tamed in advance, tame uses culture medium composition for：(NH4)2SO4 Content 3.0 g/L, KCl content 0.1g/L, K2HPO4Content 0.5g/L, MgSO4·7H2O content 0.5 g/L, Ca (NO3)2The g/L of content 0.01,1~3wt%'s Chalcopyrite miberal powder.Leaching process maintains pH to be 1.7 in Bioleaching system, and mixing speed is 100 rpm, refractory brick and brass Ore deposit mass ratio is 1：1, temperature is 40 DEG C, and the refractory brick can significantly be catalyzed copper leaching rate in the Bioleaching of chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite For 96%, independent Leaching of chalcopyrite rate only 24% under equal conditions, thus addition argentiferous refractory brick improves chalcopyrite Bioleaching rate More than 70%；Then the silver in Bioleaching slag is extracted using thiocarbamide, thiocarbamide leaching process maintains pH to be 1.5, and mixing speed is 100 rpm, temperature is 45 DEG C, and thiourea concentration is 0.1 mol/L, and silver-colored comprehensive recovery is 91%, and thiocarbamide is direct under equal conditions The rate of recovery only 12% silver-colored in refractory brick is extracted, thus refractory brick silver raising recovery rate improves more than 75%, leached mud is mainly yellow potassium iron Alum, is used as sorbing material.It is thereby achieved that the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the argentiferous refractory brick.
Embodiment 2：
As shown in table 3, refractory brick multielement analysis is as shown in table 4 for the chalcopyrite ore multielement analysis of selection.
The chalcopyrite multielement analysis result of table 3
Cu Fe S Al As Ba Si Cl K Ca
32.15 25.20 29.25 1.03 0.005 0.88 1.82 0.66 0.12 0.25
The refractory brick multielement analysis of table 4
Element O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K
Content/% 25.0 0.25 22.52 5.81 3.56 0.088 0.102 0.701 0.122
Element Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu
Content/% 0.52 0.0014 0.037 2.215 0.025 5.126 0.0018 0.0925 0.315
Element Zn As Rb Sr Ag Sb W Pb
Content/% 0.0187 0.058 0.0102 0.001 0.0158 2.258 0.05 15.28
Refractory brick is milled to 0.074 below mm, is added to chalcopyrite Bioleaching system, from mixed in the Bioleaching system Moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is closed, the concentration of mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is more than 1.0 × 107 Cells/mL, mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is carried out in advance Domestication（Be the same as Example 1）, leaching process maintenance pH is 2.0, and mixing speed is 300 rpm, and refractory brick is with chalcopyrite mass ratio 5：1, temperature is 50 DEG C, and it is 95% that the refractory brick, which can significantly be catalyzed copper leaching rate in the Bioleaching of chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite, on an equal basis Under the conditions of independent leaching of copper pyrites extracting rate only 25%, thus addition argentiferous refractory brick improves chalcopyrite Bioleaching rate more than 70%；Enter One step extracts the silver in Bioleaching slag using thiocarbamide, and thiocarbamide leaching process maintains pH to be 0.8, and mixing speed is 300 rpm, temperature Spend for 40 DEG C, thiourea concentration is 0.6 mol/L, silver-colored comprehensive recovery is that thiocarbamide directly extracts refractory brick under 92%, equal conditions The middle silver-colored rate of recovery only 15%, thus refractory brick silver raising recovery rate improves more than 75%, leached mud is mainly autunezite, available for making For sorbing material.It is thereby achieved that the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the argentiferous refractory brick.
Embodiment 3：
As shown in table 5, refractory brick multielement analysis is as shown in table 6 for the chalcopyrite ore multielement analysis of selection.
The chalcopyrite multielement analysis result of table 5
Cu Fe S Al As Ba Si Cl K Ca
32.08 28.15 28.01 2.20 0.001 0.15 0.88 1.56 1.02 0.75
The refractory brick multielement analysis of table 6
Element O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K
Content/% 32.0 0.98 30.02 2.45 1.22 0.008 0.075 0.001 0.312
Element Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu
Content/% 0.728 0.004 0.003 1.430 0.178 2.659 0.0008 0.025 0.137
Element Zn As Rb Sr Ag Sb W Pb
Content/% 0.025 0.008 0.0021 0.003 0.0326 1.468 0.007 8.956
Refractory brick is milled to 0.074 below mm, is added to chalcopyrite Bioleaching system, from mixed in the Bioleaching system Moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is closed, the concentration of mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is more than 1.0 × 107 Cells/mL, mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is carried out in advance Domestication（Be the same as Example 1）, leaching process maintenance pH is 1.8, and mixing speed is 400 rpm, and refractory brick is with chalcopyrite mass ratio 1：2, temperature is 60 DEG C, and it is 96% that the refractory brick, which can significantly be catalyzed copper leaching rate in the Bioleaching of chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite, on an equal basis Under the conditions of independent leaching of copper pyrites extracting rate only 30%, thus addition argentiferous refractory brick improves chalcopyrite Bioleaching rate more than 65%；Enter One step extracts the silver in Bioleaching slag using thiocarbamide, and thiocarbamide leaching process maintains pH to be 0.9, and mixing speed is 400 rpm, temperature Spend for 48 DEG C, thiourea concentration is 0.5 mol/L, silver-colored comprehensive recovery is that thiocarbamide directly extracts refractory brick under 92%, equal conditions The middle silver-colored rate of recovery only 16%, thus refractory brick silver raising recovery rate improves more than 75%, leached mud is mainly autunezite, available for making For sorbing material.It is thereby achieved that the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the argentiferous refractory brick.
Embodiment 4：
As shown in table 7, refractory brick multielement analysis is as shown in table 8 for the chalcopyrite ore multielement analysis of selection.
The chalcopyrite multielement analysis result of table 7
Cu Fe S Al As Ba Si Cl K Ca
27.56 30.05 25.35 5.15 0.008 0.25 3.25 0.15 0.02 1.75
The refractory brick multielement analysis of table 8
Element O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K
Content/% 25.58 1.29 25.38 1.095 5.285 0.01 0.072 0.005 0.025
Element Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu
Content/% 0.386 0.002 0.015 0.075 1.256 3.852 0.0015 0.008 0.128
Element Zn As Rb Sr Ag Sb W Pb
Content/% 0.017 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.0415 0.458 0.001 9.125
Refractory brick is milled to 0.074 below mm, is added to chalcopyrite Bioleaching system, from mixed in the Bioleaching system Moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is closed, the concentration of mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is more than 1.0 × 107 Cells/mL, mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is carried out in advance Domestication（Be the same as Example 1）, leaching process maintenance pH is 1.5, and mixing speed is 600 rpm, and refractory brick is with chalcopyrite mass ratio 1：5, temperature is 48 DEG C, and it is 96% that the refractory brick, which can significantly be catalyzed copper leaching rate in the Bioleaching of chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite, on an equal basis Under the conditions of independent leaching of copper pyrites extracting rate only 32%, thus addition argentiferous refractory brick improves chalcopyrite Bioleaching rate more than 60%；Enter One step extracts the silver in Bioleaching slag using thiocarbamide, and thiocarbamide leaching process maintains pH to be 0.8, and mixing speed is 600 rpm, temperature Spend for 60 DEG C, thiourea concentration is 0.8 mol/L, silver-colored comprehensive recovery is that thiocarbamide directly extracts refractory brick under 91%, equal conditions The middle silver-colored rate of recovery only 18%, thus refractory brick silver raising recovery rate improves more than 70%, leached mud is mainly autunezite, available for making For sorbing material.It is thereby achieved that the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the argentiferous refractory brick.
Preparation technology of the present invention is simple, and reaction condition easily reaches, reacts also easy to control, this technique will not be brought to environment Pollution, copper, silver raising recovery rate reach more than 90%, compared with single leach, and copper recovery improves more than 60%, and silver raising recovery rate is improved More than 70%, realize the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of argentiferous refractory brick, it is easy to accomplish industrial-scale production.
The general principle and principal character and advantages of the present invention of the present invention, the technology of the industry has been shown and described above Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification is originally The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention, the claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its Equivalent thereof.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick, comprises the following steps：
（1）Argentiferous refractory brick is levigate；
（2）The levigate argentiferous refractory brick is added to chalcopyrite Bioleaching system as catalyst；
（3）After copper is leached in chalcopyrite, separation of solid and liquid is carried out, copper ion leachate and Bioleaching slag is obtained；
（4）Silver in Bioleaching slag is extracted using thiocarbamide, separation of solid and liquid is carried out, obtains silver-colored leachate and leached mud；
（5）Copper ion leachate will be obtained and silver-colored leachate carries out the extraction of copper and silver respectively, copper and silver is finally given.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, step（1）Described in argentiferous refractory brick silver content be 100~600g/t, dry type It is levigate to granularity be below 0.074mm.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, step（2）Middle argentiferous refractory brick is 1 with chalcopyrite mass ratio：5~5：1.
4. method according to claim 3, step（2）Middle Bioleaching system is from mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria.
5. the method according to claim 3 or 4, step（2）Middle leaching process maintains pH to be 1.5~2.0, and temperature is 40~ 60 DEG C, mixing speed is 100~600 rpm.
6. method according to claim 4, the mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is tamed in advance, the culture medium used is tamed Constitute and be：(NH4)2SO4 Content 3.0 g/L, KCl content 0.1g/L, K2HPO4Content 0.5g/L, MgSO4·7H2O content 0.5 G/L, Ca (NO3)2Content 0.01 g/L, 1~3wt% chalcopyrite miberal powder.
7. method according to claim 6, the concentration of the mixing moderate Thermophilic Bacteria is more than 1.0 × 107 cells/mL。
8. according to the method described in claim 1, step（4）Middle use thiocarbamide is extracted in Bioleaching slag during silver, dimension It is 0.8~1.5 to hold pH, and mixing speed is 100~600 rpm, and temperature is 40~60 DEG C.
9. method according to claim 8, step（4）Described in thiourea concentration be 0.1~0.8 mol/L；It is described to leach Slag is mainly autunezite.
10. according to the method described in claim 1, the leaching rate of copper and silver is above 90%.
CN201710222516.4A 2017-04-07 2017-04-07 A kind of method of high-efficiency comprehensive utilization argentiferous refractory brick Pending CN107164633A (en)

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190127822A1 (en) * 2017-04-06 2019-05-02 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Leaching Copper-Containing Ores
US10526685B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2020-01-07 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Heap leaching
US10563284B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2020-02-18 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Leaching copper-containing ores

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CN1249009A (en) * 1997-03-03 2000-03-29 明特克公司 Processf or the leaching of chalcopyrite
CN1348505A (en) * 1999-12-14 2002-05-08 亚历山大·贝克曼 Sulphidisation of sulphide ores for hydrometallurgical extraction of copper and other metals
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Title
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王军: "硫脲法处理银精矿的研究", 《有色金属（冶炼部分）》 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10526685B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2020-01-07 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Heap leaching
US20190127822A1 (en) * 2017-04-06 2019-05-02 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Leaching Copper-Containing Ores
US10563287B2 (en) * 2017-04-06 2020-02-18 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Leaching copper-containing ores
US10563284B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2020-02-18 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Leaching copper-containing ores

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