CN107160051A - A kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode - Google Patents
A kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN107160051A CN107160051A CN201710604941.XA CN201710604941A CN107160051A CN 107160051 A CN107160051 A CN 107160051A CN 201710604941 A CN201710604941 A CN 201710604941A CN 107160051 A CN107160051 A CN 107160051A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode, it in order to solve molten drop in current melting electrode welding method is difficult smoothly to be transitioned into molten bath that the present invention, which is, and the cost that control system is complicated, technological parameter is complicated and high technical problem.A kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode of the present invention is made up of multiple thin diameter sections and multiple wide sections, and thin diameter section and wide section alternately link together;Connect for gas metal-arc welding, the intersection point for taking the lower surface of ignition tip and the axis of solid welding wire is origin of coordinates O, one-dimensional coordinate system x-axis is set up along the feeding direction of solid welding wire, the described variable cross-section solid welding wire for being used for consumable electrode welding meets following formula:And T (B) >=TIt is molten> T (C).The present invention can realize the stabilization of droplet transfer and accurate control, so that welding process is stable, improve welding quality.
Description
Background technology
Electric arc welding is a kind of important heat processing technique, is widely used in industrial circle.According to welding electrode whether
Fusing, can be divided into non-melt pole welding method (such as argon tungsten-arc welding, PLASMA ARC WELDING) and melting electrode welding method (as welded
Bar arc welding, submerged-arc welding, gas metal-arc welding etc.).Wherein submerged-arc welding and gas metal-arc welding are connect using automatic dress
Put feeding welding wire, it is easy to accomplish automation, applied more and more widely in production.
When consumable electrode is welded, welding wire is as an electrode, and workpiece (mother metal) is built between two electrodes as an electrode
Vertical welding arc, the heat melts mother metal produced using electric arc and welding wire formation molten bath, it is real as the solidification in molten bath forms weld seam
The connection of existing two parts.In current consumable electrode welding process, welding wire can be divided into two kinds of solid welding wire and flux-cored wire, wherein should
With being widely solid welding wire, it is made up of drawing process, and welding wire section is uniform.
In consumable electrode welding process, how to ensure the stabilization of welding arc, the molten drop that control wire melting is produced is steady
Ground is transitioned into molten bath, is always Welder author's problems faced.Although employing some control methods, such as welding current ripple
Shape control, the control of welding arc protective atmosphere, welding wire pumpback control etc., it is most of all less desirable.Also there are some controlling parties
Method achieves preferable effect, and such as cold metal transfer (CMT) technique is jointly controlled, very well using welding current with welding wire pumpback
Ground controls the droplet transfer, but bring is complicated control system, more technological parameter and high cost, causes this
A little techniques can not popularization and application well.
The content of the invention
It in order to solve molten drop in current melting electrode welding method is difficult smoothly to be transitioned into molten bath that the present invention, which is, and control
The technical problem of the complicated and high cost of system complex, technological parameter, and a kind of variable cross-section welded for consumable electrode is provided
Solid welding wire.
A kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode of the present invention is by multiple thin diameter sections and multiple wide sections
Composition, thin diameter section and wide section alternately link together, and described thin diameter section and wide section are cylinders, and all thin footpaths
Section size is the same, and all wide section sizes are the same, and thin diameter section is identical with the material of wide section;
Connect for gas metal-arc welding, the intersection point for taking the lower surface of ignition tip and the axis of solid welding wire is coordinate
Origin O, one-dimensional coordinate system x-axis is set up along the feeding direction of solid welding wire, and the described variable cross-section for being used for consumable electrode welding is solid
Welding wire meets following formula:
X be solid welding wire axis on point apart from origin O distance, unit is mm;
T (x) is the welding wire temperature of x points, and unit is DEG C;
E is natural constant;
α is the temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance of solid welding wire, and unit is DEG C-1;
T0It is room temperature, is 25 DEG C;
Wherein σ0For the resistivity of solid welding wire at room temperature, unit is mm Ω;C is solid welding wire material
Specific heat, unit is J/ (g DEG C);ρ is the density of solid welding wire material, and unit is g/mm3;
V is wire feed rate, and unit is mm/s;
J is current density, and unit is A/mm2, j=I/S, I is the electric current i.e. welding current by solid welding wire, and S is real
The cross-sectional area of cored welding wire;
And T (B) >=TIt is molten> T (C), B point for farthest away from the thin diameter section of ignition tip on axis institute's transversal section midpoint, C
Point is farthest away from the midpoint of the wide section of ignition tip institute's transversal section on axis, TIt is moltenFor the fusing point of solid welding wire;
For B points:xB=L0-L2-0.5×L1;For C points:xC=L0-0.5×L2, L0It is long for the stem elongation of solid welding wire
Degree, L2For the length of wide section, L1For the length of thin diameter section;
Dry extension of electrode length refers to welding wire end to the distance of ignition tip end.
During the stable feeding of solid welding wire, the temperature of solid welding wire reaches the temperature of quasi-stationary state, i.e. welding wire
It is only relevant with position x, it is unrelated with the time.
The present invention proposes a kind of solid welding wire of variable cross-section, it is formed uniformity after being melted in welding process
Molten drop and be transitioned into molten bath, be conducive to the raising of the stabilization and welding quality of welding process.
The principle of the present invention:
When progress gas metal-arc welding connects, in stem elongation welding wire part, in the case where the welding current for flowing through welding wire is acted on,
Resistance heat will be produced, the part as filler wire heat.In the case of variable cross-section solid welding wire proposed by the present invention, lead to
The sectional area and length of welding wire at rationally design variable cross-section are crossed, the resistance of dry extension of electrode part can be made to be concentrated mainly on small section
At face so that the resistance heat increase produced in this place, temperature increases above welding wire fusing point and melted, while making hypomere welding wire temperature
Degree is raised and leaves welding wire, and the droplet transfer is formed in the presence of arc heat into molten bath, with the feeding of welding wire, and electric arc will be jumped
Come off place to wire segment, will then repeat said process, and form stable droplet transfer process.
The acquisition process of the above-mentioned formula of the present invention is as follows:
Solid welding wire depends on resistance heat QrPreheating, realizes solid welding wire interior energy QIt is interiorIncrease.Because the specific heat capacity of welding wire is with temperature
Degree is varied less, and it is 10 that the specific heat capacity of such as H08CrMnVA welding wires, which varies with temperature coefficient,-4The order of magnitude, in order to simplify hot-wire temperature
The analytic expression of field, is readily appreciated, it is considered herein that specific heat capacity is constant, and does not consider heat effect of the electric arc to welding wire.
Appoint and take somewhere x and its preceding inlet side infinitesimal dx on solid welding wire axis, the preheating temperature of solid welding wire is exactly in electricity
Produced in the presence of thermal resistance.The transient heat balance equation that dx sections of micro units are met within the dt times is:
Qr=QIt is interior (1)
It is I by solid welding wire electric current according to Joule's law, solid welding wire resistivity is σ, and solid welding wire cross-sectional area is
The resistance heat Q that S micro unit is produced within the dt timesrMeet:
Within the dt times, micro unit interior energy increment QIt is interiorMeet:
QIt is interior=c ρ SdxdT (3)
In formula:C --- the specific heat of solid welding wire material;
ρ --- the density of solid welding wire material;
According to v=dx/dt, v is wire feed rate, and formula (1) transient heat balance equation, can be obtained:
Note j=I/S, i.e. j represent solid welding wire current density, and can obtain resistance heating solid welding wire gained preheating temperature expires
Foot:
The resistivity of solid welding wire varies with temperature relation:
σ (T)=σ0(1+αT) (6)
σ0For the resistivity of solid welding wire at 25 DEG C, orderFormula (6) is substituted into formula (5) to obtain:
According to primary condition T (t=0)=T0, obtain:
Formula (8) illustrates the expression formula of the solid welding wire preheating temperature under resistance heat effect.
Advantages of the present invention:
Compared with conventional solid welding wire, the variable cross-section solid welding wire for being used for consumable electrode welding of the invention can bring following
Some advantage:
1st, suitable welding parameter is matched, under conditions of other control measure are not used, the droplet transfer can be realized
Stable and accurate control, so that welding process is stable, improves welding quality;
2nd, solid welding wire of the invention can reduce the temperature of molten drop, compared with conventional welding wire, can typically reduce by 200 DEG C~
300 DEG C, so as to reduce the burning loss of alloy in welding process, improve weldquality;
3rd, because droplet temperature reduction, welding pool temperature can also be reduced, the metallurgical process of welding pool can be improved, reduced
The meltage of gas, and then reduce the defects such as weld blowhole;
4th, for thick welding wire, after being designed using variable cross-section, welding wire pliability can be improved, the rigidity of thick welding wire is reduced,
Be conducive to the winding and feeding of thick welding wire.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the variable cross-section solid welding wire for being used for consumable electrode welding of the invention when progress gas metal-arc welding connects
Schematic diagram, 1 is wire-feed motor, and 2 be the variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode, and 3 be ignition tip, and 4 be that gas shield is sprayed
Mouth, 5 be protective gas, and 6 be the stem elongation part of welding wire, and 7 be electric arc, and 8 be the source of welding current, and 9 be workpiece;
Fig. 2 is the variable cross-section solid welding wire for being used for consumable electrode welding of experiment one when progress gas metal-arc welding connects
Partial schematic diagram, 3 be ignition tip, and 8 be the source of welding current, and 2-1 is the thin footpath of the variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode
Section, 2-2 is the wide section of the variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:Present embodiment is a kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode, is specifically
It is made up of multiple thin diameter sections and multiple wide sections, thin diameter section and wide section alternately link together, described thin diameter section and particle size
Duan Jun is cylinder, and all thin diameter section sizes are the same, and all wide section sizes are the same, the material of thin diameter section and wide section
It is identical;
Connect for gas metal-arc welding, the intersection point for taking the lower surface of ignition tip and the axis of solid welding wire is coordinate
Origin O, one-dimensional coordinate system x-axis is set up along the feeding direction of solid welding wire, and the described variable cross-section for being used for consumable electrode welding is solid
Welding wire meets following formula:
X be solid welding wire axis on point apart from origin O distance, unit is mm;
T (x) is the welding wire temperature of x points, and unit is DEG C;
E is natural constant;
α is the temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance of solid welding wire, and unit is DEG C-1;
T0It is room temperature, is 25 DEG C;
Wherein σ0For the resistivity of solid welding wire at room temperature, unit is mm Ω;C is solid welding wire material
Specific heat, unit is J/ (g DEG C);ρ is the density of solid welding wire material, and unit is g/mm3;
V is wire feed rate, and unit is mm/s;
J is current density, and unit is A/mm2, j=I/S, I is the electric current i.e. welding current by solid welding wire, and S is real
The cross-sectional area of cored welding wire;
And T (B) >=TIt is molten> T (C), B point for farthest away from the thin diameter section of ignition tip on axis institute's transversal section midpoint, C
Point is farthest away from the midpoint of the wide section of ignition tip institute's transversal section on axis, TIt is moltenFor the fusing point of solid welding wire;
For B points:xB=L0-L2-0.5×L1;For C points:xC=L0-0.5×L2, L0It is long for the stem elongation of solid welding wire
Degree, L2For the length of wide section, L1For the length of thin diameter section.
Embodiment two:Present embodiment from unlike embodiment one:Described is used for consumable electrode weldering
The variable cross-section solid welding wire connect is H08CrMnVA welding wires.Other are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three:Present embodiment from unlike embodiment one or two:It is described to be used to melt
The variable cross-section solid welding wire of pole welding is H08Mn2Si welding wires.Other are identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four:Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three:Described is used for
The variable cross-section solid welding wire of consumable electrode welding is H13CrMoA welding wires.Other are identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five:Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to four:Described is used for
The variable cross-section solid welding wire of consumable electrode welding is H08MnA welding wires.Other are identical with one of embodiment one to four.
The present invention is verified with tests below:
Experiment one:This experiment is a kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode, is specifically by multiple thin diameter sections
With multiple wide sections composition, thin diameter section and wide section alternately link together, and described thin diameter section and wide section are cylinders,
And all thin diameter section sizes are the same, all wide section sizes are the same, and thin diameter section is identical with the material of wide section;
Connect for gas metal-arc welding, the intersection point for taking the lower surface of ignition tip and the axis of solid welding wire is coordinate
Origin O, one-dimensional coordinate system x-axis is set up along the feeding direction of solid welding wire, and the described variable cross-section for being used for consumable electrode welding is solid
Welding wire meets following formula:
X be solid welding wire axis on point apart from origin O distance, unit is mm;
T (x) is the welding wire temperature of x points, and unit is DEG C;
E is natural constant;
α is the temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance of solid welding wire, and unit is DEG C-1;
T0It is room temperature, is 25 DEG C;
Wherein σ0For the resistivity of solid welding wire at room temperature, unit is mm Ω;C is solid welding wire material
Specific heat, unit is J/ (g DEG C);ρ is the density of solid welding wire material, and unit is g/mm3;
V is wire feed rate, and unit is mm/s;
J is current density, and unit is A/mm2, j=I/S, I is the electric current i.e. welding current by solid welding wire, and S is real
The cross-sectional area of cored welding wire;
B points is, farthest away from the midpoint of the thin diameter section of ignition tip institute's transversal section on axis, C points are farthest away from ignition tip
The midpoint of wide section institute's transversal section on axis, TIt is moltenFor the fusing point of solid welding wire;
For B points:xB=L0-L2-0.5×L1;For C points:xC=L0-0.5×L2, L0It is long for the stem elongation of solid welding wire
Degree, L2For the length of wide section, L1For the length of thin diameter section.
Described solid welding wire is H08CrMnVA, then ρ=7.8 × 10-3g/cm3, c=0.42J/g DEG C, σ0=9.7 ×
10-5Mm Ω, α=6.45 × 10-3℃-1, substitute into above-mentioned formula and obtain:
Note:D is the diameter of solid welding wire, and unit is mm, and I unit is A, and x unit is mm, and v unit is mm/s.
Due to the influence of heat transfer, close to the thin diameter section two ends of particle size, the resistance heat itself produced is transmitted by heat transfer
To wide section, therefore the temperature of thin diameter section midpoint is calculated here, the temperature of the point is influenceed smaller by heat transfer, it is believed that thin footpath
The temperature highest of Duan Shangqi midpoints.Wide section also calculates the temperature of midpoint, it is assumed that the fusing point of H08CrMnVA welding wires is 1400
DEG C, reach fusing point, the heated length x of B points for the temperature that makes B pointsBWith its diameter d1Following formula must be met:
T (B)=1400 DEG C of > T (C), derives
Welding current 150.5A, xBFor 13mm, thin footpath segment length L1·For 1mm, diameter d1For 0.75mm, wire feed rate v is 8m/
Min, particle size segment length L2For 2mm, d2For 0.9mm, then xCFor 14.5mm, T (B)=1407 DEG C, T (C)=413 DEG C, B points will be prior to C
Point fusing, realizes the automatic droplet transfer.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode, it is characterised in that the variable cross-section welded for consumable electrode is solid
Welding wire is made up of multiple thin diameter sections and multiple wide sections, and thin diameter section and wide section alternately link together, described thin diameter section
It is cylinder with wide section, and all thin diameter section sizes are the same, all wide section sizes are the same, thin diameter section and wide section
Material it is identical;
Connect for gas metal-arc welding, the intersection point for taking the lower surface of ignition tip and the axis of solid welding wire is the origin of coordinates
O, one-dimensional coordinate system x-axis is set up along the feeding direction of solid welding wire, and described is used for the variable cross-section solid welding wire that consumable electrode is welded
Meet following formula:
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X be solid welding wire axis on point apart from origin O distance, unit is mm;
T (x) is the welding wire temperature of x points, and unit is DEG C;
E is natural constant;
α is the temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance of solid welding wire, and unit is DEG C-1;
T0It is room temperature, is 25 DEG C;
Wherein σ0For the resistivity of solid welding wire at room temperature, unit is mm Ω;C is the specific heat of solid welding wire material,
Unit is J/ (g DEG C);ρ is the density of solid welding wire material, and unit is g/mm3;
V is wire feed rate, and unit is mm/s;
J is current density, and unit is A/mm2, j=I/S, I is the electric current i.e. welding current by solid welding wire, and S is solid welding wire
Cross-sectional area;
And T (B) >=TIt is molten> T (C), B point is, farthest away from the midpoint of the thin diameter section of ignition tip institute's transversal section on axis, C points are
Farthest away from the midpoint of wide section institute's transversal section on axis of ignition tip, TIt is moltenFor the fusing point of solid welding wire;
For B points:xB=L0-L2-0.5×L1;For C points:xC=L0-0.5×L2, L0For the stem elongation length of solid welding wire, L2
For the length of wide section, L1For the length of thin diameter section.
2. a kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
It is H08CrMnVA welding wires for the variable cross-section solid welding wire that consumable electrode is welded.
3. a kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
It is H08Mn for the variable cross-section solid welding wire that consumable electrode is welded2Si welding wires.
4. a kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
It is H13CrMoA welding wires for the variable cross-section solid welding wire that consumable electrode is welded.
5. a kind of variable cross-section solid welding wire welded for consumable electrode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
It is H08MnA welding wires for the variable cross-section solid welding wire that consumable electrode is welded.
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Cited By (2)
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CN111496345A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 南京理工大学 | Method and device for manufacturing melting electrode electric arc and hot filler wire composite single-electric-arc twin-wire additive |
CN113305402A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-08-27 | 杨祎 | Gas protection automatic welding equipment for spiral arc consumable electrode |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111496345A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 南京理工大学 | Method and device for manufacturing melting electrode electric arc and hot filler wire composite single-electric-arc twin-wire additive |
CN113305402A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-08-27 | 杨祎 | Gas protection automatic welding equipment for spiral arc consumable electrode |
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Application publication date: 20170915 |