CN107151722A - Microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction experimental rig and method - Google Patents
Microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction experimental rig and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107151722A CN107151722A CN201610118017.6A CN201610118017A CN107151722A CN 107151722 A CN107151722 A CN 107151722A CN 201610118017 A CN201610118017 A CN 201610118017A CN 107151722 A CN107151722 A CN 107151722A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
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Abstract
A kind of microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction experimental rig, the device includes：1) iron ore reduction material pretreatment system (1), pretreatment system (1) includes pre-processing device (2) and hot-blast stove (3)；Wherein pre-processing device (2) includes：The gas skirt (201) that arranges from top to bottom, reaction cavity (A), microwave be anti-to let out device (B) and vacuum plenum chamber (202), and a kind of sliding, lifts and switching mechanism (C) and the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system (203) and the second exhausting, the dust pelletizing system (204) that are connected respectively with gas skirt (201) and vacuum plenum chamber (202)；2) microwave heating is deep goes back original system (4), and the depth, which goes back original system (4), to be included：The microwave generation system (404) that arranges from top to bottom, gas skirt (401), move past from pretreatment system (1) transfer the reaction cavity (A) come and microwave is anti-lets out device (B), vacuum plenum chamber (402), and above-described sliding, lift and switching mechanism (C) and the exhausting burner (403) that is connected with vacuum plenum chamber (402)；With 3) control system (5).Test method using experimental rig is also provided.
Description
Technical field
Ground the present invention relates to the experiment of iron ore pellets (pelletizing or briquetting) microwave heated oxygen baked for producing blast furnace oxide pellet
Study carefully, in iron ore with carbon (carbon containing or analysis carbon) pelletizing (pelletizing or briquetting) microwave heating direct-reduction production direct-reduction iron tests
After research and iron ore pellets (common/vanadium titanium/leaded zinc fume mud etc.) conventional heating (hot blast or heating gas) pre-oxidation/prereduction
Experimental rig used in the research of microwave heating direct-reduction production DRI, the device be a kind of collection oxidation/prereduction/
It is reduced directly in the iron ore pellets microwave fuel combined heat formula multifunction test research device of one, belongs to ironmaking field.
Background technology
For iron-smelting process, the conventional method of direct-reduction production has gas-based shaft kiln method, coal base grate kiln method, coal base tunnel
Road kiln method, coal base rotary hearth furnace method.Gas-based shaft kiln method is main using natural gas as reducing agent, if for natural gas resource scarcity and price
Expensive area, causes production cost too high, the technological investment is excessive in addition, and equipment performance requires higher, and popularization receives pole
Big influence；Coal base grate kiln method has very big attraction, but the skill using coal as reducing agent to the area that coal resource enriches
Art requires higher to temperature control precision, and it is relatively low easily to tie kiln, operating rate in production, causes often stopping production, its promotion and application
Difficulty is big；Coal base tunnel furnace method cost of investment is low, design is simple, crude fuel strong adaptability, but when there is high energy consumption, reduction
Between long, environmental pollution is big, high labour's consumption, poor product quality the problems such as, country's this method stays cool at present；Coal
Base rotary hearth furnace Direct Reduction Technology is because of rotary hearth furnace simple in equipment, maximization difficulty is small, do not tie kiln, plant maintenance is simple, throw
The advantages of providing relatively fewer, many steel plant at home and abroad are applied.
Coal-based direct reduction rotary hearth furnace technology is using coal as reducing agent, by the metal oxide in ore materials under non-soft heat situation
It is reduced into a kind of method of metal.This method is independent of coking coal resource, and adaptability to raw material is strong, can handle vanadium titano-magnetite, contain
The various raw materials such as lead zinc fume mud, fine ore, compared to traditional Steel Production Flow Chart, can greatly reduce the discharge of pollutant, can be effective
Realize the comprehensive utilization of resource.But because under conventional rotary hearth furnace thermal regulation, material and furnace bottom are in geo-stationary, high temperature gas flow
Radiant heat transfer is only leaned in heating to material, causes material layer temperature gradient big so that furnace bottom surface can only spread 1-2 layers of ball, and the bed of material is thick
Degree is no more than 40mm；Secondly, existing thermal regulation is to produce high-temperature flue gas by high heating value combustion gas of burning to carry out reducing material
CO in heating, flue gas2As-reduced metal re-oxidation in the material of top can be caused resultant metal by class oxidizing atmosphere
Rate is low.
Microwave heating refers in material internal by the principle of similar friction between the particulates such as molecule one that microwave energy is heat energy
Individual process.Microwave heating is with rapidity, high efficiency, volumetric, instantaneity, selectivity, nonstaining property and activation metallurgyization
The features such as learning reactivity and advantage.It is based on the above-mentioned characteristic and Self-heating principle of microwave energy, and iron and its oxi and coal
The strong microwave absorption capacity of powder, microwave heating it is more and more wider in the basic research of field of steel metallurgy and application, increasingly by
To the attention of steel industry and researcher.But it is due to that high-power microwave source is expensive, investment construction cost is high, and work(
Rate density is higher harsher to furnace binding design requirement, therefore, and good steel is with blade, it is necessary in suitable time, pass
The link of key applies microwave energy, can so reduce the use of microwave energy, can also give full play to the advantage of microwave heating, solves
The problem of conventional heating is present.
During traditional heating coal-based direct reduction, a coal dust part for reduction reaction with air burning by providing heat, one
Part and the carbon dioxide of generation carry out cloth Dorr reaction, provide reducing agent for reduction reaction, institute's coal consumption is big；And microwave is heated
Coal-based direct reduction process, coal dust is used as just reducing agent, and coal amount is few.In addition, it is direct to carry out coal base using microwave heating
Reduction, under conditions of no oxygen free gas, necessarily occurs following chemically react：
FexOy+ C=FexOy-1+CO (1)
2FexOy+ C=2FexOy-1+CO2 (2)
C+CO2=2CO (3)
FexOy+ yCO=XFe+yCO2 (4)
Chemical reaction (1) and (2) is the starter for realizing whole chain reaction (3) and (4), only when pelletizing outer surface
Ferriferous oxide and coal dust fully contact (using it is interior with carbon or analysis carbon by the way of realize), just can ensure that reducing material in microwave field
Effective progress of chemical reaction.In laboratory conditions, it is necessary to addition of a certain proportion of carbon content, and the reproducibility gas produced
Body can not be too fast to the speed of stove external diffusion, otherwise is unfavorable for the coal-based direct reduction reaction of iron ore pellets.Thermodynamic study result
Show, when reaction temperature is more than 950 DEG C, chemical reaction (3) will be carried out quickly, CO/ (CO+CO2) compare close to 1.
Microwave fuel combined heat formula coal-based direct reduction method and rotary hearth furnace (application number：201310740483.4) exploitation of technology
The characteristics of microwave is heated has been given full play to, using microwave energy and the good coupled characteristic of reducing material, has been turned in combination with traditional heating
The problem of bottom stove technology is present, illustrates the microwave fuel combined heat formula coal base direct from basic theory and in terms of applying design two
Implementation, purpose and the meaning of restoring method.
The content of the invention
In order to further verify the realistic feasibility of the technology, optimal technological parameter, device parameter and operating parameter are found out,
It is, in order to which institution of higher learning, scientific research institutions etc. preferably research and develop microwave heating technique, microwave to be given full play in field of metallurgy
Advantage, the drawbacks of solving present in some conventional heatings and problem, develop a kind of microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction
Experimental rig.
The experimental rig by organically combining traditional heating mode and the problem of microwave heating technique is present and advantage, maximizing favourable factors and minimizing unfavourable ones,
Use traditional heating mode to be dried, preheat for reducing material and prereduction heat supply, use microwave heating for prereduction thing
Material carries out drastic reduction heat supply, inhales that material structure after ripple, prereduction is loose and hole flourishing by force using reducing material, and microwave energy is lived
Change metallurgical chemistry reaction, the features such as microwave heating avoids product secondary oxidation and advantage, to obtain the DRI wound of high-quality
Condition is made, it helps promote the development in rotary hearth furnace coal-based direct reduction direction.
The experimental rig can be not only used for iron ore microwave heated oxygen/reduction roasting experimental study, and research object includes：Iron essence
(contain with carbon in ore deposit pelletizing (pelletizing or briquetting) microwave heated oxygen baked for producing blast furnace oxide pellet experimental study, iron ore
Carbon or analysis carbon) the heating direct-reduction production DRI experimental study of pelletizing (pelletizing or briquetting) microwave etc.；And can be same
It is micro- after Shi Shixian iron ore pellets (common/vanadium titanium/leaded zinc fume mud etc.) conventional heating (hot blast or heating gas) pre-oxidation/prereduction
The research of Wave heating direct-reduction production DRI.The experimental rig is a kind of to integrate oxidation/prereduction/and be reduced directly
Iron ore pellets microwave fuel combined heat formula multifunction test research device.
In this application, it is " optional " expression be with or without, " optionally " represent carry out or without.
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction experimental rig, the device includes：
1) iron ore reduction material pretreatment system, it is possible to achieve drying, preheating and the prereduction purpose of iron ore reduction material, pre- place
Reason system includes pre-processing device and hot-blast stove；Wherein pre-processing device includes：The first gas skirt for arranging from top to bottom, reaction
Cavity (A), microwave are anti-to let out device (B) and the first vacuum plenum chamber, and optional is located in the first gas skirt (such as top or side
Portion) the secondary burner of natural gas (or coal gas), and for by reaction cavity (A) and microwave it is anti-let out device (B) transfer, lift and
A kind of sliding, lifting and the switching mechanism (C) of upset and first taking out of being connected respectively with the first gas skirt and the first vacuum plenum chamber
Wind, dust pelletizing system and the second exhausting, dust pelletizing system；Wherein hot-blast stove includes body of heater, natural gas (or coal gas) main burner, flue gas
Bleeding device, igniter burner, combustion-supporting airduct, drop-bottom and furnace body support；Wherein the first airduct is drawn and is communicated to from drop-bottom
The side of first vacuum plenum chamber and the opposite side of the 4th airduct from the first gas skirt are drawn and are communicated to the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system；
Wherein the 3rd airduct drawn from the side of body of heater and be communicated to the first gas skirt side and the second airduct from the first vacuum plenum chamber
Opposite side is drawn and is communicated to the second exhausting, dust pelletizing system；
2) microwave heating is deep goes back original system, can further realize the drastic reduction of iron ore prereduction material, obtain the straight of high-quality
Reduced iron is connect, the depth, which goes back original system, to be included：The microwave generation system that arranges from top to bottom, the second gas skirt, from pretreatment system
Transfer moves past the reaction cavity (A) come and microwave is anti-lets out device (B), the second vacuum plenum chamber, and it is above-described slide,
Lifting and switching mechanism (C) and the exhausting burner connected with the second vacuum plenum chamber；Wherein the 5th airduct is from the second vacuum static pressure
Draw and be communicated to exhausting burner via the 5th airduct in the side of room.
Second gas skirt is identical from the first gas skirt (i.e. both are same equipment) or different (i.e. slightly different in structure).Second vacuum is quiet
Pressure chamber is identical from the first vacuum plenum chamber (i.e. both are same equipment) or different (i.e. slightly different in structure).
Also natural gas (or coal gas) delivery pipe is connected with the secondary burner of natural gas (or coal gas).In addition, in the first gas skirt (example
Such as top or sidepiece) additional igniter burner or igniter or fire maker is set.Additional igniter burner or igniter or fire maker are
Natural gas (or coal gas) pair burner igniting.For additional igniter burner or igniter or fire maker, it would however also be possible to employ in body of heater
Igniter burner identical igniter burner.
Also natural gas (or coal gas) delivery pipe is connected with natural gas (or coal gas) main burner.Combustion air is housed on combustion-supporting airduct
Machine.
Preferably, above-described microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction experimental rig also includes：
3) control system.
Control system is used to include temperature, gas discharge, combustion-supporting wind flow, exhausting pressure, microwave to whole experimental stage
Condition including power, valve switch is accurately controlled and automatically adjusted.It can be to the temperature of whole experimental stage, natural
Throughput, combustion-supporting wind flow, exhausting pressure, microwave power, valve switch etc. are accurately controlled and automatically adjusted.It includes
Switch board and bypass, branch pipe etc..Control system respectively with reaction cavity (A), a kind of sliding, lifting and switching mechanism (C), the
One exhausting, dust pelletizing system, the second exhausting, dust pelletizing system, switch board, gas delivering pipe control valve, combustion-supporting wind pipe control valve,
The connections such as exhausting burner, microwave generation system and optional first to fourth pipeline valve (V1, V2, V3, V4).
Control system is controlled and manipulated to these equipment.
Certainly, without control system, it also can control and manipulate these equipment by hand.
Preferably, the second valve is set on the first airduct.4th valve is set on the second airduct.Set on the 3rd airduct
Put the first valve.3rd valve is set on the 4th airduct.Preferably, small-sized air exhauster is set on the 5th airduct, and/or
5th valve is set on the 5th airduct.
Above-described sliding, lifting and switching mechanism (C) are used to shifting, lay and fixing reaction cavity (A) and microwave is prevented letting out
Device (B), and rollover reaction cavity (A) realize batch turning function.
Strong suction ripple material or material, such as carborundum are filled with microwave device for preventing leakage (B).
Reaction cavity A includes perimetral housings and the bottom plate with breeder tube or with grate bar.Reaction cavity A top presents and opened
Put or open wide mode.(top opens or opened wide) tank body or cylinder body form is presented in reaction cavity A.Reaction cavity A height or
Radius is 15-200cm, more preferably preferably 20-150cm, more preferably 22-100cm, 25-50cm independently of one another, for example all
It is 30cm (or 40cm).
The present invention also provides the operating method using said apparatus, i.e. microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction test method,
This method includes：
1) equipment is assembled：By coal-containing iron ore pellets (I), (wherein I C/TFe need to test determination, such as 0.10-0.25:1 mass
Than briquetting or pelletizing, preferably particle mean size 5-25mm, 10~20mm) and particulate coal (II) it is (4~12mm of particle mean size, excellent
Select 5~10mm) (wherein I+II C/TFe need to test determination, such as 0.15-0.35 in proportion:1 mass ratio) mixing after place
Into reaction cavity (A), reaction cavity (A) and microwave are prevented letting out device (B) to be moved to iron by elevating mechanism (C)
At ore deposit reducing material pretreatment system, system sealing assembling is carried out with the first gas skirt and the first vacuum plenum chamber；
2) pre-reduction stage, including following sub-step：2.1) forced air drying:Open igniter burner and complete ignition, Ran Houtong
Control system is crossed to automatically adjust the gas discharge of main burner and the combustion-supporting wind flow of combustion-supporting airduct to realize that hot-blast stove is warming up to experiment
The temperature T1 needed, for the drying stage of reducing material, opens the second valve and the 3rd valve, opens the first exhausting, dedusting
System (or first air exhauster) is to realize forced air drying (the thermal regulation needs of reducing material forced air drying process to reducing material
Experiment is determined), 2.2) prereduction：The second valve, the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system (or first air exhauster) and the 3rd valve are closed,
The first valve, the 4th valve and the second exhausting, dust pelletizing system (i.e. tube-cooled ventilation and dust removal system or the second air exhauster) are opened,
Realize that the exhausting of reducing material dries (reduzate by adjusting the gas discharge of main burner and the combustion-supporting wind flow of combustion-supporting airduct
Expect that the thermal regulation of exhausting drying process needs to test to determine), exhausting is dried terminate after again by adjusting the gas discharge of main burner
The temperature (T2, T3 and T4) required for reducing material pre-reduction stage is completed with the combustion-supporting wind flow of combustion-supporting airduct.
Typically, T2 temperature range is 950 DEG C~1150 DEG C, and T3 temperature range is 900 DEG C~1100 DEG C, and/or, T4 temperature
It is 900 DEG C~1100 DEG C to spend scope.Typically, T3 the or T4 temperature and times of pre-reduction stage need to test and determined.Typically, in advance
The T3 or T4 of reduction phase temperature range are that time range is in 20min~60min at 900 DEG C~1100 DEG C.This temperature
It is enough to ensure that the reduction degree of prereduction iron ore reaches 40%-75% with the time, preferably reaches 50%-70%, more preferably up to 60%
- 65%.The outer wall additionally needed in the second airduct increases circulating water cooling system, to reduce the temperature of waste gas outlet；
3) equipment is assembled again：Close igniter burner, the natural gas of main burner, the combustion air (or combustion fan) on combustion-supporting airduct,
First valve, the 4th valve and the second ventilation and dust removal system, by elevating mechanism (C) quickly reaction cavity (A) and microwave
Anti- device (B) of letting out is moved to that microwave heating is deep to go back at original system, quiet with microwave generation system, the second gas skirt and the second vacuum
Pressure chamber carries out system sealing and assembling；Optionally, coated in interface using aluminium-foil paper, prevent microwave leakage；Preferably,
Packing material in microwave device for preventing leakage inhales ripple material, such as carborundum to be strong；
4) the deep reduction of microwave heating：Exhausting burner and microwave generation system are opened, wherein, exhausting burner is to ensure
For pressure-fired, (such as 1.05-1.1 atmospheric pressure, the purpose of pressure-fired is in order to accelerate the generation of ferriferous oxide reduction reaction, really in stove
Protect formula (3) and the chain reaction of formula (4) be smoothed out) under conditions of the flue gas extraction of generation, due in flue gas
Main component is CO carries out burning processing, it is necessary to be introduced into exhausting burner (i.e. additional burner)；Other microwave power
Source power is adjustable, and microwave power and the deep reduction phase temperature of microwave heating, time need to test and determined；
5) cool down：Close microwave generation system and exhausting burner (i.e. additional burner), by elevating mechanism (C)
Reaction cavity (A) removes and rapid material upset after reduction is poured into water into cooling or pours into closed tank body that to be passed through nitrogen cold
But.
Wherein T1 is the temperature (DEG C) of the atmosphere (or gas-phase space) (especially, in bottom space) in hot-blast stove.Typically, by reaction chamber
Charge material (i.e. iron ore reduction material) in body (A) is divided into half storey and lower half storey determine respectively wherein up and down it is each it is material bed in
Temperature.T2, T3 and T4 are the temperature of (or top atmosphere) in the top gas-phase space of the charge material in reaction cavity (A) respectively
Temperature of charge in the lower half storey of degree, the temperature of charge in the upper half storey of charge material and charge material.That is, T2 is reaction chamber
The temperature (DEG C) of (or top atmosphere) in the top gas-phase space of charge material in body (A).T3 is filled out in reaction cavity (A)
The temperature of charge (DEG C) of (bottom of especially upper half storey) is filled in the upper half storey of material.Under T4 reaction cavities (A) interior charge material
The temperature of charge (DEG C) of (bottom for especially descending half storey) in half storey.
In step 2) in pre-reduction stage, when detect T2, T3 and/or T4 it is relatively low when, pass through the secondary burning into the first gas skirt
Mouth opens natural gas and ignition, i.e. opens secondary burner of the gas delivering pipe in the first gas skirt and is burnt, and improves
Flow through the temperature of the air-flow of reaction cavity (A).
The specific implementation of the above method is as follows：The first step, carbon-burdened pellet (I) (wherein I C/TFe need to test determination,
Such as 0.10-0.25:1 mass ratio, briquetting or pelletizing, 10~20mm of granularity) and particulate coal (II) (5~10mm of granularity) is in proportion
(wherein I+II C/TFe need to test determination, such as 0.15-0.35:1 mass ratio) mixing after be placed into reaction cavity (A),
Iron ore reduction material pretreatment system (1) place is moved to by elevating mechanism (C) and carries out system sealing connection；Second step, is opened
Open igniter burner and complete ignition, the gas discharge of main burner and helping for combustion-supporting airduct are then automatically adjusted by control system
Combustion wind flow is to realize that hot-blast stove (3) is warming up to the temperature T1 that experiment needs, for the drying stage of reducing material, opens the
Two valves (V2) and the 3rd valve (V3), open the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system (or first air exhauster) to realize the drum to reducing material
Dry (thermal regulation of reducing material forced air drying process, which needs to test, to be determined) is air-dried, after forced air drying terminates, the second valve is closed
(V2), the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system and the 3rd valve (V3), the first valve of opening (V1), the 4th valve (V4) and the second exhausting,
Dust pelletizing system (i.e. tube-cooled ventilation and dust removal system), by adjust main burner gas discharge and combustion-supporting airduct it is combustion-supporting distinguished and admirable
The exhausting for measuring to realize reducing material dries (thermal regulation of reducing material exhausting drying process, which needs to test, to be determined), and exhausting is dried
Reducing material pre-reduction stage is completed after end by adjusting the gas discharge of main burner and the combustion-supporting wind flow of combustion-supporting airduct again
Required temperature (T2, T3 and T4), the temperature and time of pre-reduction stage, which needs to test, to be determined；3rd step, prereduction rank
Section terminate after, close igniter burner, the natural gas of main burner, the combustion air (or combustion fan) on combustion-supporting airduct, the first valve,
4th valve and the second ventilation and dust removal system, quickly prevent reaction cavity (A) and microwave to let out device (B) by elevating mechanism (C)
It is moved to microwave heating deep go back and system sealing connection is carried out at original system, is coated in interface using aluminium-foil paper, prevent microwave leakage,
Packing material in microwave device for preventing leakage (B) inhales ripple material, such as carborundum to be strong；4th step, opens exhausting burning dress
(i.e. additional burner) and microwave generation system are put, wherein, exhausting burner is to ensure to be pressure-fired (pressure-fired in stove
Purpose be to accelerate the generation of ferriferous oxide reduction reaction, it is ensured that the chain reaction of formula (3) and formula (4) is smoothly entered
The flue gas of generation is extracted out under conditions of OK), because the main component in flue gas is that CO is burnt, it is necessary to be introduced into burner
Processing；Other microwave power source power adjustable, microwave power and the deep reduction phase temperature of microwave heating, time need to test and determined；
5th step, after the deep reduction phase of microwave heating terminates, closes microwave generation system and exhausting burner, passes through elevating mechanism (C)
Reaction cavity (A) is removed and material upset after reduction is poured into water cooling or poured into closed tank body rapidly and is passed through nitrogen
Cooling.
Advantages of the present invention or advantageous effects
A kind of microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction test method is proposed first.The test method is passed by organically combining
The problem of system mode of heating and microwave heating technique are present and advantage, maximize favourable factors and minimize unfavourable ones, use traditional heating mode to enter for reducing material
Row is dried, preheated and prereduction heat supply, is used microwave heating to carry out drastic reduction heat supply for prereduction material, is utilized reduction
Material inhales by force that material structure after ripple, prereduction is loose and hole flourishing, and microwave energy activation metallurgical chemistry reaction, microwave heating is avoided
The features such as product secondary oxidation and advantage, the DRI for acquisition high-quality create condition.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction experimental rig figures.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the controlling equipment of control system (5).
Reference
1：Iron ore reduction material pretreatment system；2：Pre-processing device；201：First gas skirt；202：First vacuum static pressure
Room；203：First exhausting, dust pelletizing system；204：Second exhausting, dust pelletizing system；205：Natural gas (or coal gas) pair burner,
205a：Natural gas (or coal gas) delivery pipe；3：Hot-blast stove；301：The body of heater of hot-blast stove；302：Natural gas (or coal gas) main burning
Mouth, 302a：Natural gas (or coal gas) delivery pipe；303：Flue gas bleeding device；304：Igniter burner；305：Combustion-supporting airduct；
306：Drop-bottom；307：Furnace body support；4：Microwave heating is deep to go back original system；401：Second gas skirt；402：Second vacuum
Plenum chamber；403：Exhausting burner；404：Microwave generation system；5：Control system；6：Switch board；A：Reaction cavity；
B：Microwave is anti-to let out device；C：Sliding, lifting and switching mechanism；L1：First airduct；L2：Second airduct；L3：3rd wind
Pipe；L4：4th airduct；L5：5th airduct；V1：First valve；V2：Second valve；V3：3rd valve；V4：
4th valve.
Embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2 there is provided a kind of microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction experimental rig, the device includes：
1) iron ore reduction material pretreatment system 1, it is possible to achieve drying, preheating and the prereduction purpose of iron ore reduction material, in advance
Processing system 1 includes pre-processing device 2 and hot-blast stove 3；Wherein pre-processing device 2 includes：(first) arranged from top to bottom
Gas skirt 201, reaction cavity A, microwave are anti-to let out device B and (first) vacuum plenum chamber 202, and optional is located at (first) gas collection
In cover 201 (natural gas of such as top or sidepiece (or the secondary burner 205 of coal gas, and for letting out dress by reaction cavity A and microwave are anti-
Put B transfers, lifting and upset a kind of sliding, lifting and switching mechanism C and respectively with gas skirt 201 and vacuum plenum chamber 202
The first exhausting, the exhausting of dust pelletizing system 203 and second, the dust pelletizing system 204 of connection；Wherein hot-blast stove 3 includes body of heater 301, day
Right gas or the main burner 302 of coal gas, flue gas bleeding device 303, igniter burner 304, combustion-supporting airduct 305, drop-bottom 306 and stove
Body support frame 307；Wherein the first airduct L1 draws from drop-bottom 306 and is communicated to side and the 4th airduct of vacuum plenum chamber 202
The opposite side of L4 from gas skirt 201 is drawn and is communicated to the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system 203；Wherein the 3rd airduct L3 is from body of heater
Draw and be communicated to the side of gas skirt 201 and the second airduct L2 is drawn simultaneously from the opposite side of vacuum plenum chamber 202 in 301 side
It is communicated to the second exhausting, dust pelletizing system 204；
2) microwave heating is deep goes back original system 4, can further realize the drastic reduction of iron ore prereduction material, obtain high-quality
DRI, the depth, which goes back original system 4, to be included：The microwave generation system 404 that arranges from top to bottom, (second) gas skirt 401,
The reaction cavity A come is moved past from the transfer of pretreatment system 1 and microwave is anti-lets out device B, (second) vacuum plenum chamber 402, and with
Upper described sliding, lifting and switching mechanism C and the exhausting burner 403 connected with (second) vacuum plenum chamber 402；Wherein
5th airduct L5 draws from the side of (second) vacuum plenum chamber 402 and is communicated to exhausting burner via the 5th airduct L5
403。
(the second) gas skirt 401 is identical from (first) gas skirt 201 (i.e. both are same equipment) or different.(the second) vacuum static pressure
Room 402 is identical from (first) vacuum plenum chamber 202 (i.e. both are same equipment) or different.
Reaction cavity A includes perimetral housings and the bottom plate with breeder tube or with grate bar, and open or unlimited mode is presented in top.
(top opens or opened wide) tank body or cylinder body form is presented in reaction cavity A.Reaction cavity A height or radius is independently of one another
It is 15-200cm, preferably 20-150cm, more preferably 22-100cm, more preferably 25-50cm are for example 30cm (or 40cm).
Also gas delivering pipe 205a is connected with natural gas combustion nozzle 205.In addition, in gas skirt 201 (for example top or
Sidepiece) additional igniter burner or igniter or fire maker is set.Additional igniter burner or igniter or fire maker burn for natural gas
Mouth 205 is lighted a fire.For additional igniter burner or igniter or fire maker, it would however also be possible to employ with the igniter burner in body of heater 301
304 identical igniter burners 304.
Also gas delivering pipe 302a is connected with the main burner of natural gas 302.Combustion fan is housed on combustion-supporting airduct (305).
Preferably, above-described microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction experimental rig also includes：
3) control system 5.
Control system 5 be used for whole experimental stage include temperature, it is gas discharge, combustion-supporting wind flow, exhausting pressure, micro-
Condition including wave power, valve switch is accurately controlled and automatically adjusted.It can be to whole experimental stage temperature, day
Right throughput, combustion-supporting wind flow, exhausting pressure, microwave power, valve switch etc. are accurately controlled and automatically adjusted.It is wrapped
Include switch board 6 and bypass, branch pipe etc..Control system 5 respectively with reaction cavity A, a kind of sliding, lifting and switching mechanism C,
First exhausting, dust pelletizing system 203, the second exhausting, dust pelletizing system 204, switch board 6, gas delivering pipe control valve 302,
Combustion-supporting wind pipe control valve 305, exhausting burner 403, microwave generation system 404 and optional first to fourth pipeline valve (V1,
V2, V3, V4) etc. connection.Control system 5 is controlled and manipulated to these equipment.
Preferably, the second valve V2 is set on the first airduct L1.4th valve V4 is set on the second airduct L2.
First valve V1 is set on the 3rd airduct L3.3rd valve V3 is set on the 4th airduct L4.Preferably, in tendencies
Small-sized air exhauster, and/or the 5th valve V5 (not shown)s of setting on the 5th airduct L5 are set on pipe L5.
Above-described sliding, lifting and switching mechanism C are used to shifting, lay and fixing reaction cavity A and microwave is prevented letting out device
B, and realize batch turning function for the reaction cavity A that turns on one's side.
The present invention also provides the operating method using said apparatus, i.e. microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction test method,
This method includes：
1) equipment is assembled：By coal-containing iron ore pellets (I), (wherein I C/TFe is by testing determination, such as 0.10-0.25:1 matter
Amount ratio, briquetting or pelletizing, preferably particle mean size 5-25mm, 10~20mm) and particulate coal (II) it is (4~12mm of particle mean size, excellent
Select 5~10mm) (wherein I+II C/TFe is by testing determination, such as 0.15-0.35 in proportion:1 mass ratio) mixing after place
Into reaction cavity A, let out reaction cavity A and microwave are anti-device B to be moved to iron ore reduction material by elevating mechanism C pre-
At processing system 1, system sealing assembling is carried out with gas skirt 201 and vacuum plenum chamber 202.
2) pre-reduction stage, including following sub-step：2.1) forced air drying:Open igniter burner 304 and complete ignition, then
Automatically adjust the gas discharge of main burner 302 and the combustion-supporting wind flow of combustion-supporting airduct 305 to realize hot-blast stove by control system
3 are warming up to the temperature T1 that experiment needs, for the drying stage of reducing material, open valve V2 and V3, open the first exhausting,
Dust pelletizing system (or first air exhauster) 203 is to realize forced air drying (thermal technology's system of reducing material forced air drying process to reducing material
Degree, which needs to test, to be determined), 2.2) prereduction：Close V2, the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system 203 and V3, open V1, V4 and
Second exhausting, dust pelletizing system (i.e. tube-cooled ventilation and dust removal system or the second air exhauster) 204, by the day for adjusting main burner 302
Right throughput and the combustion-supporting wind flow of combustion-supporting airduct 305 realize that the exhausting of reducing material dries (reducing material exhausting drying process
Thermal regulation need to test determine), exhausting is dried terminate after again by adjusting the gas discharge and combustion-supporting airduct of main burner 302
305 combustion-supporting wind flow completes the temperature (T2, T3 and T4) required for reducing material pre-reduction stage.
In pre-reduction stage, T2 temperature range is 950 DEG C~1150 DEG C, and T3 temperature range is 900 DEG C~1100 DEG C, and/
Or, T4 temperature range is 900 DEG C~1100 DEG C.In pre-reduction stage, the T3 or T4 of pre-reduction stage temperature range
At 900 DEG C~1100 DEG C, time range is excellent to ensure that the reduction degree of prereduction iron ore reaches 40%-75% in 20min~60min
Choosing reaches 50%-70%, more preferably up to 60%-65%；Preferably, the outer wall increase additionally needed in the second airduct L2 is followed
Ring water cooling system, to reduce the temperature of waste gas outlet.
3) equipment is assembled again：Close igniter burner 304, the natural gas of main burner 302, on combustion-supporting airduct 305 combustion fan (or
Combustion air), valve V1, valve V4 and the second ventilation and dust removal system 204, by elevating mechanism C quickly reaction cavity A
It is moved to that microwave heating is deep to go back at original system 4 with the anti-device B that lets out of microwave, with microwave generation system 404, gas skirt 401 and true
Empty plenum chamber 402 carries out system sealing and assembling；Optionally, coated in interface using aluminium-foil paper, prevent microwave leakage；It is excellent
Packing material in choosing, microwave device for preventing leakage B inhales ripple material, such as carborundum to be strong.
4) the deep reduction of microwave heating：Exhausting burner 403 and microwave generation system 404 are opened, wherein, exhausting burner
It is to ensure that (such as 1.05-1.1 atmospheric pressure, the purpose of pressure-fired is to accelerate ferriferous oxide reduction reaction for pressure-fired in stove
Occur, it is ensured that formula 3) and formula 4) chain reaction be smoothed out) under conditions of the extraction of the flue gas of generation, due in flue gas
Main component is CO carries out burning processing, it is necessary to be introduced into exhausting burner 403 (i.e. additional burner)；Other microwave work(
Rate source power is adjustable, and microwave power and the deep reduction phase temperature of microwave heating, time need to test and determined.
5) cool down：Microwave generation system 404 and exhausting burner 403 (i.e. additional burner) are closed, passes through elevating mechanism C
Reaction cavity A is removed and rapid material upset after reduction is poured into water cooling or pours into closed tank body that to be passed through nitrogen cold
But.
Wherein T1 is the temperature (DEG C) of the atmosphere of (especially, in bottom space) hot-blast stove (3) Nei.Typically, by reaction cavity (A)
Interior charge material is divided into half storey and lower half storey determine respectively wherein up and down it is each it is material bed in temperature.T2, T3 and T4 distinguish
It is the temperature of (or top atmosphere) in the top gas-phase space of charge material in reaction cavity (A), in the upper half storey of charge material
Temperature of charge and charge material lower half storey in temperature of charge.That is, T2 is the charge material in reaction cavity (A)
The temperature (DEG C) of (or top atmosphere) in the gas-phase space of top.T3 is the material in the upper half storey of reaction cavity (A) interior charge material
Temperature (DEG C).T4 is the temperature of charge (DEG C) in the lower half storey of reaction cavity (A) interior charge material.
In step 2) in pre-reduction stage, when detect T2, T3 and/or T4 it is relatively low when, pass through the secondary burning into gas skirt 201
Mouth 205 opens natural gas and ignition, i.e. open secondary burners 205 of the gas delivering pipe 205a in gas skirt 201
Burnt, improve the temperature for the air-flow for flowing through reaction cavity A.
The specific implementation of the above method is as follows：The first step, carbon-burdened pellet (I) (wherein I C/TFe need to test determination,
Such as 0.10-0.25:1 mass ratio, briquetting or pelletizing, 10~20mm of granularity) and particulate coal (II) (5~10mm of granularity) (its in proportion
Middle I+II C/TFe need to test determination) mixing after be placed into reaction cavity A, iron ore reduction is moved to by elevating mechanism C
System sealing connection is carried out at material pretreatment system 1；Second step, opens igniter burner 304 and completes ignition, Ran Houtong
Control system is crossed to automatically adjust the flow of natural gas 302 and combustion air 305 to realize that hot-blast stove 3 is warming up to the temperature that experiment needs
T1, for the drying stage of reducing material, opens valve V2 and V3, opens air exhauster 203 to realize the drum to reducing material
Dry (thermal regulation of reducing material forced air drying process, which needs to test, to be determined) is air-dried, after forced air drying terminates, V2 is closed, takes out
Blower fan 9 and V3, open V1, V4 and the second ventilation and dust removal of tube-cooled system 204, by adjusting the He of gas discharge 302
Combustion-supporting wind flow 305 dries that (thermal regulation of reducing material exhausting drying process needs to test true to realize the exhausting of reducing material
It is fixed), exhausting drying completes reducing material prereduction rank by adjusting gas discharge 302 and combustion-supporting wind flow 305 again after terminating
Temperature (T2, T3 and T4) required for section, the temperature and time of pre-reduction stage, which needs to test, to be determined；3rd step, prereduction
After stage terminates, burner 304, natural gas 302, combustion fan 305, valve V1, valve V4 and the second ventilation and dust removal are closed
The anti-device B that lets out of reaction cavity A and microwave, is quickly moved to that microwave heating is deep to go back original system by system 204 by elevating mechanism C
System sealing connection is carried out at 4, is coated, prevented in microwave leakage, microwave device for preventing leakage B using aluminium-foil paper in interface
Packing material inhales ripple material, such as carborundum to be strong；4th step, opens exhausting burner 403 and microwave generation system 404,
Wherein, exhausting burner is to ensure that (purpose of pressure-fired is to accelerate ferriferous oxide reduction reaction for pressure-fired in stove
Occur, it is ensured that formula 3) and formula 4) chain reaction be smoothed out) under conditions of the extraction of the flue gas of generation, due in flue gas
Main component is CO, it is necessary to be introduced into progress burning processing in burner；Other microwave power source power adjustable, microwave power and micro-
Wave heating depth reduction phase temperature, time, which need to test, to be determined；5th step, after the deep reduction phase of microwave heating terminates, is closed micro-
System and exhausting burner 403 occur for ripple, and reaction cavity A is removed by elevating mechanism C and rapidly material after reduction is turned over
Turn to be poured into water cooling or pour into be passed through nitrogen cooling in closed tank body.
A kind of microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction test method is proposed first.The test method is passed by organically combining
The problem of system mode of heating and microwave heating technique are present and advantage, maximize favourable factors and minimize unfavourable ones, use traditional heating mode to enter for reducing material
Row is dried, preheated and prereduction heat supply, is used microwave heating to carry out drastic reduction heat supply for prereduction material, is utilized reduction
Material inhales by force that material structure after ripple, prereduction is loose and hole flourishing, and microwave energy activation metallurgical chemistry reaction, microwave heating is avoided
The features such as product secondary oxidation and advantage, the DRI for acquisition high-quality create condition.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction experimental rig, the device includes：
1) iron ore reduction material pretreatment system (1), it is possible to achieve drying, preheating and the prereduction purpose of iron ore reduction material,
Pretreatment system (1) includes pre-processing device (2) and hot-blast stove (3)；Wherein pre-processing device (2) includes：Arrange from top to bottom
The first gas skirt (201), reaction cavity (A), microwave is anti-lets out device (B) and the first vacuum plenum chamber (202), optionally
The natural gas being located in the first gas skirt (201) or the secondary burner (205) of coal gas, and for by reaction cavity (A) and microwave
Anti- a kind of sliding, lifting and the switching mechanism (C) for letting out device (B) transfer, lifting and upset and respectively with the first gas skirt (201)
The first exhausting, dust pelletizing system (203) and the second exhausting, the dust pelletizing system (204) connected with the first vacuum plenum chamber (202)；
Wherein hot-blast stove (3) includes body of heater (301), natural gas or the main burner of coal gas (302), flue gas bleeding device (303), igniter burner
(304), combustion-supporting airduct (305), drop-bottom (306) and furnace body support (307)；Wherein the first airduct (L1) draws from drop-bottom (306)
Go out and be communicated to the side of the first vacuum plenum chamber (202) and the opposite side of the 4th airduct (L4) from the first gas skirt (201) draws
Go out and be communicated to the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system (203)；Draw and be communicated in the side of wherein the 3rd airduct (L3) from body of heater (301)
The side of first gas skirt (201) and the opposite side of the second airduct (L2) from the first vacuum plenum chamber (202) are drawn and are communicated to
Second exhausting, dust pelletizing system (204)；
2) microwave heating is deep goes back original system (4), and the depth, which goes back original system (4), to be included：The microwave generation system arranged from top to bottom
(404), the second gas skirt (401), the reaction cavity (A) and microwave that are moved past from pretreatment system (1) transfer are prevented letting out dress
Put (B), the second vacuum plenum chamber (402), and above-described sliding, lifting and switching mechanism (C) and quiet with the second vacuum
The exhausting burner (403) of pressure chamber (402) connection；Wherein the 5th airduct (L5) from the second vacuum plenum chamber (402) one
Draw and be communicated to exhausting burner (403) via the 5th airduct (L5) in side.
2. experimental rig according to claim 1, wherein, above-described microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction
Experimental rig also includes：
3) control system (5), it is used to include temperature, gas discharge, combustion-supporting wind flow, exhausting to whole experimental stage
Condition including pressure, microwave power, valve switch is accurately controlled and automatically adjusted.
3. experimental rig according to claim 2, wherein, the second valve (V2) is set on the first airduct (L1),
4th valve (V4) is set on two airducts (L2), the first valve (V1) is set on the 3rd airduct (L3), set on the 4th airduct (L4)
Put the 3rd valve (V3).
4. the experimental rig according to any one of claim 1-3, wherein, control system (5) respectively with reaction cavity (A),
One kind sliding, lifting and switching mechanism (C), the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system (203), the second exhausting, dust pelletizing system (204),
It is switch board (6), gas delivering pipe control valve (302), combustion-supporting wind pipe control valve (305), exhausting burner (403), micro-
System (404) occurs for ripple and optional first to fourth pipeline valve (V1, V2, V3, V4) connects and these equipment are entered
Row control and manipulation.
5. the experimental rig according to any one of claim 1-4, wherein, small-sized take out is set on the 5th airduct (L5)
Blower fan, and/or the 5th valve (V5) of setting on the 5th airduct (L5).
6. the experimental rig according to any one of claim 1-5, wherein, above-described sliding, lifting and upset
Mechanism (C) is used to shifting, lay and fixing reaction cavity (A) and microwave is prevented letting out device (B), and for reaction cavity of turning on one's side
(A) batch turning function is realized.
7. microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction test method or usage right require the experiment any one of 1-6
The method that device carries out the experiment of microwave fuel combined heat coal-based direct reduction, this method includes：
1) equipment is assembled：By coal-containing iron ore pellets (I) (briquetting or pelletizing, preferably particle mean size 5-25mm, 10~20mm)
With particulate coal (II) (4~12mm of particle mean size, preferably 5~10mm) in proportion (wherein I+II C/TFe need to test determination,
Such as 0.15-0.35:1 mass ratio) it is placed into reaction cavity (A) after mixing, reaction cavity (A) and microwave are prevented to let out device
(B) iron ore reduction material pretreatment system (1) place is moved to by elevating mechanism (C), with the first gas skirt (201) and
First vacuum plenum chamber (202) carries out system sealing assembling；
2) pre-reduction stage, including following sub-step：2.1) forced air drying:Open igniter burner (304) and complete ignition,
Then automatically adjust the gas discharge of main burner (302) and the combustion-supporting wind flow of combustion-supporting airduct (305) to realize by control system
Hot-blast stove (3) is warming up to the temperature T1 that experiment needs, for the drying stage of reducing material, opens the second valve (V2) and the
Three valves (V3), open the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system (203) to realize the forced air drying to reducing material, 2.2) prereduction：
The second valve (V2), the first exhausting, dust pelletizing system (203) and the 3rd valve (V3) are closed, the first valve V1, the 4th is opened
Valve V4 and the second exhausting, dust pelletizing system (204), by the gas discharge and combustion-supporting airduct (305) that adjust main burner (302)
Combustion-supporting wind flow realize that the exhausting of reducing material is dried, exhausting is dried terminate after again by adjusting the natural gases of main burner (302)
The combustion-supporting wind flow of flow and combustion-supporting airduct (305) completes temperature T2, T3 and T4 required for reducing material pre-reduction stage；
3) equipment is assembled again：Close igniter burner (304), the natural gas of main burner (302), the combustion air on combustion-supporting airduct (305)
Machine, the first valve (V1), the 4th valve (V4) and the second ventilation and dust removal system (204), by elevating mechanism (C) quickly anti-
Answer the anti-device (B) of letting out of cavity (A) and microwave to be moved to that microwave heating is deep to go back original system (4) place, with microwave generation system (404),
Second gas skirt (401) and the second vacuum plenum chamber (402) carry out system sealing and assembling；Optionally, used in interface
Aluminium-foil paper is coated, and prevents microwave leakage；Preferably, the packing material in microwave device for preventing leakage (B) inhales ripple material (such as to be strong
Carborundum etc.)；
4) the deep reduction of microwave heating：Exhausting burner (403) and microwave generation system (404) are opened, wherein, exhausting burning
Device is to ensure to be the flue gas of generation to be extracted out under conditions of pressure-fired in stove, is introduced into that additional burner (403) is middle to be burnt
Processing；
5) cool down：Microwave generation system (404) and exhausting burner (403) are closed, by elevating mechanism (C) reaction chamber
Body (A), which removes and material upset after reduction is poured into water cooling or poured into rapidly, is passed through nitrogen cooling in closed tank body.
8. method according to claim 7, wherein, in step 2) in pre-reduction stage, when detect T2, T3 and/or
When T4 is relatively low, natural gas or coal gas and ignition are opened by the secondary burner (205) into the first gas skirt (201), improved
Flow through the temperature of the air-flow of reaction cavity (A).
9. the method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein in step 2) pre-reduction stage in, T2 temperature range is
950 DEG C~1150 DEG C, T3 temperature range is 900 DEG C~1100 DEG C, and/or, T4 temperature range is 900 DEG C~1100 DEG C.
10. method according to claim 9, wherein in step 2) pre-reduction stage in, the T3 or T4 of pre-reduction stage
Temperature range at 900 DEG C~1100 DEG C, time range reaches 40% in 20min~60min with the reduction degree for ensuring prereduction iron ore
- 75%, preferably reach 50%-70%, more preferably up to 60%-65%；Preferably, additionally need at airduct (L2)
Outer wall increase circulating water cooling system, to reduce the temperature of waste gas outlet.
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