CN107144889A - A kind of sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole - Google Patents
A kind of sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN107144889A CN107144889A CN201610116051.XA CN201610116051A CN107144889A CN 107144889 A CN107144889 A CN 107144889A CN 201610116051 A CN201610116051 A CN 201610116051A CN 107144889 A CN107144889 A CN 107144889A
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to oil gas field of geophysical exploration there is provided a kind of petrophysical model construction method for tight sand, comprise the following steps：Build the substrate model of rock core；Build the skeleton pattern of rock；Build rock contains fluid model；The resilient property of prediction rock.The present invention proposes a kind of new tight sand petrophysical model for including different aperture feature, establishes mineralogical composition, porosity, porosity type and containing the quantitative relationship between fluidity and Rock Elastic Parameters.The model has passed through the demarcation based on core and well-log information, and fully demonstrating it has preferable application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil gas field of geophysical exploration, exploration object is sandstone reservoir, present invention tool
Body is related to a kind of method based on improved equivalent hole the Theory Construction sandstone petrophysical model.
Background technology
How that the physical parameter of subsurface rock and elastic parameter is (such as fast petrophysical main task is
Degree, density) connect.The mineralogical composition of rock, porosity, containing fluidity even pore shape all
The modulus of elasticity of rock can be influenceed, in order to study and simulate the mutual pass between the complicated rock in underground and modulus
System, people have developed KT theoretical (Kuster and Toksoz, 1974), self-compatibility model (O ' Connell
And Budiansky, 1974), equivalent differential medium theory (Cleary, 1980；Zimmerman, 1991).
Some classical rock physicses modeling methods dependent on set up speed and porosity, shale content and other one
Relation between a little physical parameters, is such as directed to Han models, Xu-White models, the Gassmann of sand shale
Model and Xu-Panye models for carbonate rock etc..For tight sandstone reservoir, (porosity is low
In 8%), often with relatively low porosity and permeability, current external existing technology includes Hudson
Model, Eshelby-Cheng fractured models.
However, these petrophysical models based on particle contact theory are retouched to tight sand pore character
State not enough finely, specific aim is not strong, consequently leads to these models inadequate to low-porosity sandstone applicability.
Earthquake fluid detection difficult, matrix density, clay content and clay are carried out by petrophysical model
Type, the determination of true porosity and permeability have difficulties, and well logging and seismic data carry out evaluating reservoir and deposited
In problem.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve problem present in above-mentioned prior art there is provided one kind for densification
The rock physicses modeling method of sandstone, for low porosity and permeability sandstone, is surveyed for compact sandstone gas
Spy field.It is intended to set up a kind of low porosity and permeability sandstone rock physicses modeling method and flow, helps
The influence for being better understood by and portraying tight sand physical properties of rock for elastic parameter and mechanics parameter is helped, is referred to
Lead tight sand gas exploration.
The present invention obtains the mineral constituent of rock core, porosity type, porosity by rock core Micro-Structure Analysis
Parameter, then builds petrophysical model.Specifically there is provided a kind of sandstone theoretical based on equivalent hole
Rock physicses modeling method, comprises the following steps：Build the substrate model of rock core；Build the skeleton of rock
Model；Build rock contains fluid model；The resilient property of prediction rock.
Further, mineral constituent of the step of the building the substrate model of rock core including analyzing rock core, is obtained
Rock forming mineral constituent content data, the modulus of Rock Matrix is obtained based on rock forming mineral constituent content data.
Preferably, the Rock Matrix springform mixed by Reuss-Voigt-Hill average computations multi mineral
Amount：
Wherein
1, M in formulaVRHRepresent Rock Matrix modulus of elasticity, MVRepresent Voigt borders modulus, MRGeneration
Table Reuss borders modulus；fiAnd MiThe ratio and modulus of i-th kind of mineral are represented respectively；N represents N kinds
Mineral.
Further, pore structure of the step of the building the skeleton pattern of rock including analyzing rock core, is divided
Porosity type simultaneously counts hole proportion；And using the modulus of Rock Matrix as input, add different class type holes
Gap obtains rock matrix model.
Alternatively, added successively into Rock Matrix using differential EFFECTIVE MEDIUM THEORY and self-compatibility approximation theory
Enter hole of different shapes, calculate the equivalent volume modulus K for obtaining the dry rock of apertures gap*And modulus of shearing
μ*。
Further, hole is added into Rock Matrix and calculates equivalent volume modulus K*With modulus of shearing μ*'s
DEM expression formulas are：
Primary condition is：K*(0)=K1,μ*(0)=μ1, K1And μ1For the volume and modulus of shearing of matrix；K2
And μ2For the bulk modulus and modulus of shearing of the hole of addition, y is the volume ratio of the hole added,
Hole influences to rock of the parameter P and Q to portray arbitrary shape.P and Q value by hole shape
State is determined, the type of hole added is first determined, it is then determined that P and Q value.
Further, building the step of containing fluid model of rock includes, and adds in the skeleton pattern of rock
Enter fluid, obtain rock contains fluid model.
Preferably, fluid is added into rock using Gassmann equation, expression formula is：
For dry Rock rigidity coefficient,For the stiffness coefficient of the rock containing fluid, K0For minerals product module
Amount, KflFor fluid modulus, φ is porosity；
Wherein
δklWith δijWhat is represented is the element in matrix, δijSubscript ij and cijIn subscript correspondence.
Preferably, according to the stiffness coefficient of rock, calculating obtains compressional wave and shear wave velocity：
Wherein, VP0Represent vertical velocity of longitudinal wave, VS0Vertical shear wave velocity is represented, ρ represents density.
Preferably, the fluid added into rock is the mixture of water, gas, oil or its arbitrary proportion.
Mineral constituent, pore structure progress micro-analysis of the present invention for sandstone, for different regions
Sandstone marks off corresponding porosity type, counts the ratio of different aperture type.On experimental analysis basis
Upper structure sandstone petrophysical model, and resilient property prediction is carried out, it, which predicts the outcome, to be stored up as sandstone
The input parameter of layer seismic inversion enters row constraint and correction to inversion result.
Brief description of the drawings
By the way that disclosure illustrative embodiments are described in more detail with reference to accompanying drawing, the disclosure it is upper
State and other purposes, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein, in the exemplary implementation of the disclosure
In mode, identical reference number typically represents same parts.
Fig. 1 shows sandstone rock physicses modeling procedure schematic diagram according to embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows porosity type schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows that model prediction according to embodiments of the present invention is contrasted with the velocity of longitudinal wave that rock core is surveyed.
Fig. 4 shows that model prediction according to embodiments of the present invention is contrasted with the shear wave velocity that rock core is surveyed.
Fig. 5 shows that the velocity of longitudinal wave of model prediction according to embodiments of the present invention and log data is contrasted.
Fig. 6 shows that the shear wave velocity of model prediction according to embodiments of the present invention and log data is contrasted.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although being shown in accompanying drawing
The preferred embodiment of the disclosure, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without
It should be limited by embodiments set forth herein.On the contrary, thesing embodiments are provided so that the disclosure
It is more thorough and complete, and the scope of the present disclosure can intactly be conveyed to those skilled in the art
Member.
The invention provides a kind of petrophysical model construction method for tight sand, with belonging to oil gas
Ball physical prospecting field.Specifically there is provided a kind of sandstone rock physicses modeling theoretical based on equivalent hole
Method, comprises the following steps：Build the substrate model of rock core；Build the skeleton pattern of rock；Build rock
Stone contain fluid model；The resilient property of prediction rock.
Alternatively, mineral constituent of the step of the building the substrate model of rock core including analyzing rock core, obtains rock
Stone ore thing constituent content data, the modulus of Rock Matrix is obtained based on rock forming mineral constituent content data.
Alternatively, pore structure of the step of the building the skeleton pattern of rock including analyzing rock core, divides hole
Gap type simultaneously counts hole proportion；And using the modulus of Rock Matrix as input, add different type holes
Obtain rock matrix model.
Alternatively, added successively into Rock Matrix using differential EFFECTIVE MEDIUM THEORY and self-compatibility approximation theory
Enter hole of different shapes, calculate the equivalent volume modulus K for obtaining the dry rock of apertures gap*And modulus of shearing
μ*。
Alternatively, building the step of containing fluid model of rock includes, and is added in the skeleton pattern of rock
Fluid, obtain rock contains fluid model.Alternatively, the fluid added into rock is water, gas, oil
Or the mixture of its arbitrary proportion.
As one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 1, this method includes：The first step, is collected
Core sample, carries out constituent analysis, obtains the mineral constituent data of rock core；Second step, makes rock thin
Piece, carries out pore character analysis under the microscope, divides porosity type, counts the hundred of each porosity type
Divide ratio；3rd step, the ratio and modulus of input composition rock forming mineral, calculates and obtains multi mineral mixing
The modulus of elasticity of Rock Matrix；4th step, different types of hole is sequentially added into the Rock Matrix
Dry rock is obtained, the skeleton modulus for obtaining the dry rock of apertures gap is calculated；5th step, into the dry rock
Fluid is added, the modulus of elasticity for obtaining whole rock is calculated.
For ease of understanding the scheme and its effect of the embodiment of the present invention, a concrete application given below is shown
Example.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the example is only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, its is any specific thin
Section is not intended to limits the present invention in any way.
Present disclosure is the rock physicses modeling method for sandstone, includes rock core micro-analysis,
The Rock Matrix modulus of multi mineral mixing is calculated, the dry rock matrix modulus containing hole is calculated and rock containing fluid
Stone modulus calculates a whole set of modeling procedure.In the modeling method, take into full account that is developed in sandstone answers
The influence that miscellaneous hole is brought to Modulus of Rocks, in order to better illustrate whole modeling method and flow thinking,
Author illustrates by taking Daniudi Gasfield in Ordos Basin tight sandstone reservoir as an example with reference to Fig. 1.
The first step, collection DaNiuDi gas field drill cores are analyzed, 2550 meters to 2600 of sampling depth
Rice, gathers 1 rock core, totally 10 rock cores every 8 meters.The stratum is DaNiuDi gas field main force aerogenesis
Layer, Reservoir Minerals are generally included：Quartz, potassium feldspar and plagioclase.
Table 1 is rock core mineral constituent analysis result.
Second step, makes petrographic thin section, and pore character analysis is carried out under the microscope.In the present embodiment,
Observed thin slice is 2cm × 2cm sizes, and blockette statistics is carried out under 100 times of multiplication factor.
Aspect ratio measurement and classification are carried out to petrographic thin section internal void under the microscope, quantitative statisticses are different in length and breadth
Than the quantity and ratio of hole, the distribution situation of core mesopore is obtained.For pore components parameter
Ask for, the method that can be counted using geometric shape, pore morphology approached with ellipse, use major axis (with
A is represented) and short axle (being represented with b) come characterize ellipse form.α is short axle b and major axis a ratio,
That is α=b/a.In same sample, classified statistics are carried out to different size of value.For example, such as Fig. 2
Shown, α 1 is the hole proportion in the range of 0-0.25, is referred to as " needle-like "；α 2 is 0.25-0.5 scope
Interior hole proportion, is referred to as " coin "；α 3 is the hole proportion in the range of 0.5-0.75, is referred to as
" plate-like "；α 4 is the proportion in the range of 0.75-1.0, is referred to as " spherical ".Finally, by the formation sand
Hole inside rock is divided into 4 classes, and approximate and description (referring to Fig. 2) is given with different geometric shapes.
The porosity type analysis result of table 2
3rd step, the rock base of multi mineral mixing is calculated by Reuss-Voigt-Hill average (formula (1))
Matter modulus of elasticity：
Wherein
1, M in formulaVRHRepresent Rock Matrix modulus of elasticity, MVRepresent Voigt borders modulus, MRGeneration
Table Reuss borders modulus；fiAnd MiThe ratio and modulus of i-th kind of mineral are represented respectively；N represents N kinds
Mineral.
4th step, utilizes differential EFFECTIVE MEDIUM THEORY (DEM) and self-compatibility approximation theory
(self-consistent) hole of different shapes, the type and ratio of hole are sequentially added into Rock Matrix
Weight is drawn by the analysis result of second step, calculates modulus (the equivalent volume modulus for obtaining the dry rock of apertures gap
K*With modulus of shearing μ*)。
Mineral are added into matrix or hole calculates equivalent volume modulus K*With modulus of shearing μ*DEM tables
It is (Berryman, 1992) up to formula：
Primary condition is：K*(0)=K1,μ*(0)=μ1, K1And μ1Volume and shearing for matrix (phase 1)
Modulus；K2And μ2For the bulk modulus and modulus of shearing of mineral (phase 2), y by addition phase 2 body
Product ratio.Parameter P and Q is to portray influence of the wrappage (phase 2) of arbitrary shape to rock.P and
Q value is determined by the form of hole, first determines the type of hole added, then true according to lower subordinate list 3
Determine P and Q value.
In the present embodiment, different types of hole, each porosimeter in 4 are added into matrix altogether
The expression formula of influence of the calculation to bulk modulus and modulus of shearing is as listed in table 3：
The bulk modulus of table 3 and modulus of shearing calculation formula
P in table 3miAnd QmiIt is two geometrical factors determined by pore morphology, α, β, ζ are to use iteration side
Method calculates PmiAnd QmiWhen the intermediate quantity used.
5th step, added using Gassmann equation into rock fluid (can be water, gas, oil or
The mixing of arbitrary proportion).The expression formula utilized is (Gassmann, 1951)：
For dry Rock rigidity coefficient (just refer to the skeleton modulus for the dry rock containing hole that the 3rd step is obtained,
Contain the Rock rigidity coefficient of hole),(just refer to the 5th step for the stiffness coefficient of the rock containing fluid
The modulus of elasticity of the whole sandstone finally required), K0(it can be surveyed for mineral bulk modulus from laboratory
Measure), Kfl(it can measure and obtain from laboratory) for fluid modulus, φ is porosity (hole
Porosity comes from core test result).Wherein, footmark i and j are representative element positions in stiffness coefficient matrix
The footmark put, a, b, c represent water, gas, the stiffness coefficient of oil respectively.
δklWith δijWhat is represented is the element in matrix, subscript ij and cijIn subscript correspondence.
Thus, it can finally calculate and obtain the stiffness coefficient of sandstone and calculating obtains compressional wave and shear wave velocity：
Wherein, VP0Represent vertical velocity of longitudinal wave, VS0Vertical shear wave velocity is represented, ρ represents density.
Petrophysical model is not a kind of specific physical model, and it stresses to come in the way of a kind of mathematics
Physical model is described, therefore last result is the stiffness matrix for obtaining rock, by formula (3) is come table
Reach, the result of formula 3 is based on above four steps.
When it is implemented, the first step carries out core analysis, mineral constituent content data is obtained as follow-up meter
The input data of calculation；Second step carries out pore character analysis, divides porosity type and counts hole proportion,
It is used as the foundation and input parameter subsequently calculated；The content of 3rd step input composition rock forming mineral, output
It is the modulus of Rock Matrix；4th step adds different type holes and obtained using Rock Matrix modulus as input
To dry rock matrix modulus；5th step adds fluid, most using the 4th step result as input in rock
The modulus of elasticity and speed of whole rock are obtained eventually.
To verify the validity and application of petrophysical model, calculate and obtain first with the modeling method
The compressional wave and shear wave velocity (Fig. 3 to Fig. 4) of core sample, the conclusion and lab measurements drawn
There is preferable uniformity.Then, model is applied to Erdos tight sand well-log information, prediction knot
Fruit is preferable (Fig. 5 to Fig. 6) with the log goodness of fit.
Untraditional reservoir, such as tight sand oil-gas reservoir is increasingly becoming China's efforts will be concentrated on prospecting and exploitation
Target.Because the oil-gas reservoir to the type lacks enough geophysics understanding, therefore, how ground is utilized
Ball physics is faced with huge challenge at present quantitatively to be portrayed untraditional reservoir.The present invention is proposed
A kind of new tight sand petrophysical model for including different aperture feature, establish mineralogical composition,
Porosity, porosity type and containing the quantitative relationship between fluidity and Rock Elastic Parameters.The model passes through
Demarcation based on core and well-log information, fully to demonstrate it have preferable application prospect.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art
Speech, on the basis of the invention discloses application process and principle, it is easy to make various types of improvement
Or deformation, the method described by above-mentioned embodiment of the invention is not limited solely to, thus it is previously mentioned
Mode be preferred, and not restrictive meaning.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step：
Build the substrate model of rock core；
Build the skeleton pattern of rock；
Build rock contains fluid model；
The resilient property of prediction rock.
2. the sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by that mineral constituent of the step of the building the substrate model of rock core including analyzing rock core obtains rock ore deposit
Thing constituent content data, the modulus of Rock Matrix is obtained based on rock forming mineral constituent content data.
3. the sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole according to claim 2, its
It is characterised by, the Rock Matrix modulus of elasticity mixed by Reuss-Voigt-Hill average computations multi mineral：
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1, M in formulaVRHRepresent Rock Matrix modulus of elasticity, MVRepresent Voigt borders modulus, MRRepresent
Reuss borders modulus；fiAnd MiThe ratio and modulus of i-th kind of mineral are represented respectively；N represents N kind mineral.
4. the sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole according to Claims 2 or 3,
Characterized in that, pore structure of the step of the building the skeleton pattern of rock including analyzing rock core, divides hole
Type simultaneously counts hole proportion；And using the modulus of Rock Matrix as input, add different type holes and obtain
Rock matrix model.
5. the sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole according to claim 4, its
It is characterised by, is sequentially added not into Rock Matrix using differential EFFECTIVE MEDIUM THEORY and self-compatibility approximation theory
The hole of similar shape, calculates the equivalent volume modulus K for obtaining the dry rock of apertures gap*With modulus of shearing μ*。
6. the sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole according to claim 5, its
It is characterised by, hole is added into Rock Matrix and calculates equivalent volume modulus K*With modulus of shearing μ*DEM
Expression formula is：
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For the bulk modulus and modulus of shearing of the hole of addition, y is the volume ratio of the hole added, parameter P and
Hole influences to rock of the Q to portray arbitrary shape.
7. the sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole according to claim 5, its
It is characterised by, building the step of containing fluid model of rock includes, and fluid is added in the skeleton pattern of rock,
Obtain rock contains fluid model.
8. the sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole according to claim 7, its
It is characterised by, fluid is added into rock using Gassmann equation, and expression formula is：
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<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>&NotEqual;</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mfenced>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
δk1With δijRepresent the element in matrix.
9. the sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole according to claim 8, its
It is characterised by, according to the stiffness coefficient of rock, calculating obtains compressional wave and shear wave velocity：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mn>33</mn>
</msub>
<mo>/</mo>
<mi>&rho;</mi>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>S</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mn>44</mn>
</msub>
<mo>/</mo>
<mi>&rho;</mi>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
VP0Represent vertical velocity of longitudinal wave, VS0Vertical shear wave velocity is represented, ρ represents density.
10. the sandstone rock physicses modeling method theoretical based on equivalent hole according to claim 8,
Characterized in that, the fluid added into rock is the mixture of water, gas, oil or its arbitrary proportion.
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