CN107144758B - Method for testing influence of thermal effect on short-circuit resistance of transformer - Google Patents
Method for testing influence of thermal effect on short-circuit resistance of transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN107144758B CN107144758B CN201710377736.4A CN201710377736A CN107144758B CN 107144758 B CN107144758 B CN 107144758B CN 201710377736 A CN201710377736 A CN 201710377736A CN 107144758 B CN107144758 B CN 107144758B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/003—Environmental or reliability tests
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/62—Testing of transformers
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the influence of thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of a transformer, which comprises the following steps: applying total loss and short circuit of a low-voltage end to a high-voltage end of a transformer to be tested, wherein the total loss is the sum of no-load loss and load loss of the transformer to be tested; testing the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested; if the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested is stable, stopping applying total loss to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested; carrying out a short-circuit test on the heated transformer to be tested, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the heated transformer to be tested; reducing the temperature of the transformer to be tested to the ambient temperature, carrying out a short-circuit test on the transformer to be tested reduced to the ambient temperature, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature; and comparing the I1 with the I2 to obtain the influence of thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer to be tested. The test method is suitable for any type of transformer, and the test result is accurate, simple and easy to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transformer short circuit tests, in particular to a method for testing the influence of thermal effect on the short circuit resistance of a transformer.
Background
The transformer is one of the very important devices in the power system, and the operation condition of the transformer not only affects the safety of the transformer, but also affects the stability and reliability of the operation of the whole power system. The short circuit of the power grid is often caused by lightning stroke, relay protection misoperation or failure, and the transformer is possibly damaged by strong impact of short circuit current, so that the short circuit resistance of the transformer needs to be researched through a short circuit test.
The current transformer short-circuit test is to directly apply a certain voltage to a transformer according to the GB1094.5-2008 standard to perform a test, and measure the maximum short-circuit current of the transformer, wherein the larger the maximum short-circuit current is, the stronger the short-circuit resistance of the transformer is.
However, in the actual operation process of the transformer, because a certain load is carried, the transformer winding has a heat effect, when the transformer generates heat, the short-circuit resistance of the transformer winding changes, and the short-circuit test is carried out under the condition of not considering the heat effect of the transformer, so that the maximum short-circuit current tested is inaccurate. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of thermal effects on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for testing the influence of thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of a transformer, which comprises the following steps:
applying total loss and short circuit of a low-voltage end to a high-voltage end of a transformer to be tested, wherein the total loss is the sum of no-load loss and load loss of the transformer to be tested;
testing the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested;
if the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested is stable, stopping applying total loss to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested;
carrying out a short-circuit test on the heated transformer to be tested, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the heated transformer to be tested;
reducing the temperature of the transformer to be tested to the ambient temperature, carrying out a short-circuit test on the transformer to be tested reduced to the ambient temperature, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature;
and comparing the I1 with the I2 to obtain the influence of thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer to be tested.
Preferably, the stabilizing of the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested includes:
calculating the oil temperature change of the transformer to be detected in each hour;
and when the oil temperature changes are less than 1K for three consecutive hours, the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested is stable.
Preferably, the performing a short-circuit test on the heated transformer to be tested, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the heated transformer to be tested includes:
and carrying out a short-circuit test on any phase of the heated transformer to be tested to obtain the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the heated transformer to be tested.
Preferably, the performing a short-circuit test on the transformer to be tested which is cooled to the ambient temperature, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature includes:
and carrying out a short-circuit test on any phase of the transformer to be tested when the temperature is reduced to the ambient temperature, and obtaining the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature.
Preferably, the applying of the total loss and the short circuit of the low-voltage end to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested includes:
and obtaining the total loss through a voltage regulator and a power meter of the generator, applying the total loss to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested, and short-circuiting any phase of the low-voltage end.
The technical scheme provided by the invention can have the following beneficial effects:
the method for testing the influence of the thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: applying total loss and short circuit of a low-voltage end to a high-voltage end of a transformer to be tested, wherein the total loss is the sum of no-load loss and load loss of the transformer to be tested; testing the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested; if the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested is stable, stopping applying total loss to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested; carrying out a short-circuit test on the heated transformer to be tested, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the heated transformer to be tested; reducing the temperature of the transformer to be tested to the ambient temperature, carrying out a short-circuit test on the transformer to be tested reduced to the ambient temperature, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature; and comparing the I1 with the I2 to obtain the influence of thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer to be tested. The method for testing the influence of the thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer is suitable for any type of transformer, the actual operation condition of the transformer to be tested is simulated by applying total loss and low-voltage end short circuit to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested, the short-circuit current of the transformer to be tested after temperature rise and the maximum short-circuit current of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature are measured, and the influence of the thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer is obtained according to the comparison of the two maximum short-circuit currents. The method has accurate test result, and is simple and easy to operate.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature rise testing apparatus for a transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a transformer short-circuit current testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing the influence of thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method for testing the influence of the thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer is realized based on a system for testing the influence of the thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer, and the system for testing the influence of the thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer comprises a transformer temperature rise testing device and a transformer short-circuit current testing device. In a specific implementation process, as shown in fig. 1, the transformer temperature rise testing device includes a first generator G1 and a first intermediate transformer D1, the first generator G1 is electrically connected to a low-voltage end of the first intermediate transformer D1, a high-voltage end of the first intermediate transformer D1 is electrically connected to a high-voltage end of any phase of the transformer Y to be tested, and a low-voltage end of a corresponding phase of the transformer Y to be tested is short-circuited. In a specific implementation process, the high-voltage end of the first intermediate transformer D1 is electrically connected with the a-phase high-voltage end of the transformer Y to be tested, and the a-phase low-voltage end of the transformer Y to be tested is connected in a short circuit manner.
Certainly, in a specific implementation process, the high-voltage end of the first intermediate transformer D1 may be electrically connected to the B-phase high-voltage end of the transformer Y to be tested, and the B-phase low-voltage end of the transformer Y to be tested is short-circuited; alternatively, the high-voltage end of the first intermediate transformer D1 may be electrically connected to the C-phase high-voltage end of the transformer Y to be tested, and the C-phase low-voltage end of the transformer Y to be tested is short-circuited.
In order to adjust the power applied to the transformer Y to be tested by the first generator G1 to be the total loss of the transformer Y to be tested, the high-voltage end of the transformer Y to be tested is connected to a power meter, and the first generator G1 is connected to a voltage regulator. The power meter is used for displaying the power applied by the first generator G1 to the transformer Y to be tested, the voltage regulator is used for regulating the power supply emitted by the first generator G1, and a user can make the power applied by the generator to the transformer Y to be tested be the total loss of the transformer Y to be tested by regulating the voltage regulator, wherein the total loss of the transformer Y to be tested is the sum of the no-load loss and the load loss of the transformer to be tested.
In addition, the transformer temperature rise testing device further comprises a temperature measuring device, and the temperature measuring device is used for testing the oil temperature of the transformer Y to be tested.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first intermediate transformer D1 is used for boosting the voltage output by the first generator G1.
In order to compensate the inductive reactive power of the transformer Y to be measured, the high-voltage end of the first intermediate transformer D1 is grounded through a compensation capacitor C, and in the specific implementation process, the high-voltage end of the first intermediate transformer D1 is electrically connected to one end of the compensation capacitor C, and the other end of the compensation capacitor C is grounded. In the embodiment of the present invention, the compensating capacitor C may be a capacitor with a rated voltage of 11kV and a rated capacity of 3 × 334kvar, and the compensating capacitor C may be a single capacitor or a series connection of a plurality of capacitors.
The transformer short-circuit current test can adopt a short-circuit current test method specified in GB1094.5, and the transformer short-circuit current test apparatus may specifically include, as shown in fig. 2, a second generator G2, a first voltage transformer P1, a second voltage transformer P2, a third voltage transformer P3, a reactor L, a first breaker K1, a second breaker K2, a third breaker K3, a current transformer a, and a second intermediate transformer D2.
Two ends of the first voltage transformer P1 and two input ends of the first breaker K1 are respectively and electrically connected with two output ends of the second generator G2; two ends of the reactor L are respectively and electrically connected with two output ends of the first circuit breaker K1; two input ends of the second circuit breaker K2 are respectively and electrically connected with two output ends of the first circuit breaker K1, two output ends of the second circuit breaker K2 are respectively and electrically connected with a low-voltage end of a second intermediate transformer D2, and a high-voltage end of the second intermediate transformer D2 is electrically connected with two ends of a second voltage transformer P2; two input ends of the third circuit breaker K3 are also electrically connected with the high-voltage end of the second intermediate transformer D2, one of the output ends is electrically connected with one end of a third voltage transformer P3 through a current transformer a, and the other output end is directly electrically connected with the other end of the third voltage transformer P3; and the high-voltage end of the transformer Y to be tested is electrically connected with two ends of a third voltage transformer P3 respectively, and the low-voltage end of the transformer Y to be tested is in short circuit. The first voltage transformer P1 is used for measuring the voltage output by the second generator G2; the second voltage transformer P2 is used for measuring the voltage boosted by the second intermediate transformer D2; the third voltage transformer P3 is used to measure the actual voltage applied to the high voltage side of the transformer Y to be tested.
In a specific implementation, the first generator G1 and the second generator G2 may use the same generator, and the first intermediate transformer D1 and the second intermediate transformer D2 may use the same intermediate transformer, which is not limited herein.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for testing the influence of thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of a transformer, which is suitable for any type of transformer, and as shown in figure 3, the method comprises the following steps:
step S100: and applying total loss and short circuit of the low-voltage end to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested.
And the total loss is the sum of the no-load loss and the load loss of the transformer to be tested. In a specific implementation process, the temperature rise test can be performed by using a temperature rise test device of the transformer as shown in fig. 1.
In order to simulate the actual operation condition of the transformer to be tested, total loss and short circuit of a low-voltage end are applied to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested, so that the temperature of the transformer to be tested is increased.
In the specific implementation process, applying total loss and low-voltage end short circuit to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested comprises the following steps:
and obtaining the total loss through a voltage regulator and a power meter of the first generator, applying the total loss to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested, and short-circuiting any phase of the low-voltage end.
The output voltage of the first generator is boosted through the first intermediate transformer, the high voltage boosted through the first intermediate transformer is added to two ends of the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested, the power added to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested is measured through the power meter, the output voltage of the generator is adjusted through the voltage regulator of the first generator, and when the indication number of the power meter is the total loss of the transformer to be tested, voltage regulation is stopped.
Step S200: and testing the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested.
The temperature measuring device is used for testing the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested in real time, and in the specific implementation process, the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested can be the top layer oil temperature of the transformer Y to be tested.
Step S300: and if the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested is stable, stopping applying total loss to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested.
In a possible embodiment, the stabilizing the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested includes:
step S301: and calculating the oil temperature change of the transformer to be detected in each hour.
And calculating the oil temperature change of each hour according to the oil temperature of the transformer to be measured in real time.
Step S302: and when the oil temperature changes are less than 1K for three consecutive hours, the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested is stable.
And when the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested is stable, stopping applying total loss to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested. In the specific implementation process, the first generator is turned off, and the connection between the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested and the intermediate transformer is removed.
Step S400: and carrying out a short-circuit test on the heated transformer to be tested, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the heated transformer to be tested.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the total loss of the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested is stopped, a short-circuit test is rapidly carried out, and the short-circuit current of the transformer to be tested is measured. After the total loss of the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested is stopped, a circuit is assembled according to the transformer short-circuit current testing device shown in fig. 2, a short-circuit test is performed on the transformer to be tested according to the GB1094.5-2008 standard, and the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the transformer to be tested after temperature rise is measured, wherein the maximum short-circuit current of the transformer to be tested after temperature rise is the maximum short-circuit current which can be borne by the transformer to be tested after temperature rise.
In a possible implementation manner, the specific implementation manner of step S400 includes:
and carrying out a short-circuit test on any phase of the heated transformer to be tested to obtain the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the heated transformer to be tested.
In the specific implementation process, the first circuit breaker K1, the second circuit breaker K2 and the third circuit breaker K3 are closed, the voltage output by the second generator G2 can be adjusted through the voltage regulator of the second generator G2, the short-circuit test is carried out on the transformer to be tested, and when the short-circuit impedance of the transformer to be tested exceeds the standard specification of GB1094.5-2008, the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the transformer to be tested is read from the current transformer A after temperature rise.
Certainly, in the specific implementation process, the short-circuit test may be performed on the three phases of the transformer to be tested after the temperature is raised, so as to obtain the maximum short-circuit current of each phase, and a user may specifically set the maximum short-circuit current according to the actual situation, which is not limited herein.
Step S500: and reducing the temperature of the transformer to be tested to the ambient temperature, carrying out a short-circuit test on the transformer to be tested reduced to the ambient temperature, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature.
In a possible embodiment, the short-circuit test of the transformer to be tested which is cooled to the ambient temperature, and the specific embodiment of measuring the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature include:
and carrying out a short-circuit test on any phase of the transformer to be tested, which is cooled to the ambient temperature, so as to obtain the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature.
In the specific implementation process, after the transformer to be tested is cooled to the ambient temperature, the first circuit breaker K1, the second circuit breaker K2 and the third circuit breaker K3 are closed, the voltage output by the second generator G2 can be adjusted by the voltage regulator of the second generator G2, the short-circuit test is performed on the transformer to be tested, and when the short-circuit impedance of the transformer to be tested exceeds the standard specification of GB1094.5-2008, the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested under the ambient temperature is read from the current transformer a.
Certainly, in the specific implementation process, the short-circuit test can be performed on three phases of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature, so as to obtain the maximum short-circuit current of each phase, and a user can specifically set the maximum short-circuit current according to the actual situation, and no specific limitation is made here.
Step S600: and comparing the I1 with the I2 to obtain the influence of thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer to be tested.
In a specific implementation, Δ I/I2 may be calculated, where Δ I ═ I2-I1, and Δ I/I2 is the ratio of the maximum short-circuit current that can be borne by the transformer after temperature rise, i.e. the influence of thermal effects on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer.
The method for testing the influence of the thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: applying total loss and short circuit of a low-voltage end to a high-voltage end of a transformer to be tested, wherein the total loss is the sum of no-load loss and load loss of the transformer to be tested; testing the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested; if the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested is stable, stopping applying total loss to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested; carrying out a short-circuit test on the heated transformer to be tested, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the heated transformer to be tested; reducing the temperature of the transformer to be tested to the ambient temperature, carrying out a short-circuit test on the transformer to be tested reduced to the ambient temperature, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature; and comparing the I1 with the I2 to obtain the influence of thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer to be tested. The method for testing the influence of the thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer is suitable for any type of transformer, the actual operation condition of the transformer to be tested is simulated by applying total loss and low-voltage end short circuit to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested, the short-circuit current of the transformer to be tested after temperature rise and the maximum short-circuit current of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature are measured, and the influence of the thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer is obtained according to the comparison of the two maximum short-circuit currents. The method has accurate test result, and is simple and easy to operate.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for testing the influence of thermal effects on the short-circuit resistance of a transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
connecting a transformer temperature rise testing device with any phase high-voltage end of a transformer to be tested, short-circuiting a corresponding phase low-voltage end of the transformer to be tested, and applying total loss to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested through the transformer temperature rise testing device, wherein the transformer temperature rise testing device comprises a first generator and a first intermediate transformer, the first generator is connected with the low-voltage end of the first intermediate transformer, the high-voltage end of the first intermediate transformer is connected with the transformer to be tested, the first generator is also connected with a voltage regulator, the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested is connected into a power meter, the high-voltage end of the first intermediate transformer is grounded through a compensating capacitor, and the power displayed by the power meter is the total loss by adjusting the voltage regulator, and the total loss is the sum of no-load loss and load loss of the transformer to be tested;
testing the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested;
if the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested is stable, stopping applying total loss to the high-voltage end of the transformer to be tested;
carrying out a short-circuit test on the heated transformer to be tested, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the heated transformer to be tested;
reducing the temperature of the transformer to be tested to the ambient temperature, carrying out a short-circuit test on the transformer to be tested reduced to the ambient temperature, and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature;
and comparing the I1 with the I2 to obtain the influence of thermal effect on the short-circuit resistance of the transformer to be tested.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stabilizing the oil temperature of the transformer under test comprises:
calculating the oil temperature change of the transformer to be detected in each hour;
and when the oil temperature changes are less than 1K for three consecutive hours, the oil temperature of the transformer to be tested is stable.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the performing the short-circuit test on the transformer to be tested after the temperature rise and measuring the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the transformer to be tested after the temperature rise comprises:
and carrying out a short-circuit test on any phase of the heated transformer to be tested to obtain the maximum short-circuit current I1 of the heated transformer to be tested.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the short-circuit test of the transformer to be tested which is reduced to the ambient temperature, and the step of measuring the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature comprises:
and carrying out a short-circuit test on any phase of the transformer to be tested when the temperature is reduced to the ambient temperature, and obtaining the maximum short-circuit current I2 of the transformer to be tested at the ambient temperature.
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| CN107817413B (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2023-10-17 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | Method for eliminating influence of short-circuit resistance in transformer low-voltage short-circuit impedance test |
| CN109541339A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-03-29 | 苏州华电电气股份有限公司 | Power transformer bears short-circuit capacity pilot system |
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