CN107144510B - Method and device for detecting soil biological pore structure and type - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting soil biological pore structure and type Download PDFInfo
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- CN107144510B CN107144510B CN201710428934.9A CN201710428934A CN107144510B CN 107144510 B CN107144510 B CN 107144510B CN 201710428934 A CN201710428934 A CN 201710428934A CN 107144510 B CN107144510 B CN 107144510B
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 208000008918 voyeurism Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000755266 Kathetostoma giganteum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil pore detection, and discloses a method for detecting a soil biological pore structure and a kind and a detection device used by the method. The method comprises the following steps: digging pits with vertical sections; determining a region to be detected on the vertical section; screening out biological pores to be detected in the region; acquiring detection data of each biological pore through a peeping unit; recording the detection data; classifying the biological pores according to the detection data; re-preparing the vertical section at a position which is vertical to the direction of the vertical section and is separated from the vertical section by a set distance; repeating the above detection steps. The method and the device provided by the invention have the advantages of simple operation process and low cost, can not influence the ecological environment of soil, and are suitable for detecting various land conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil pore detection, in particular to a method for detecting the structure and the type of soil biological pores and a detection device used by the method.
Background
The biological pore is one of the soil macropores, and mainly refers to macropores formed by root systems and animals in a soil environment. Wherein the biological pores formed by the root system mainly comprise two sources of rotten roots and living root systems. The biological pores are tubular, have larger diameter and have better connectivity. The biological pores in the soil environment are interconnected such that water and solutes entering the soil migrate preferentially along pore channels to the deep soil. The biological pores left by the decayed roots and animal activity also provide space for root growth. Therefore, the root system growing in the biological pore can change the internal structure of the pore, influence the pore environment and further influence the hydraulic property of the biological pore.
The research on the biological pore structure generally utilizes the technologies of industrial CT technology, space model, electron microscope and the like to carry out reconstruction analysis, so as to realize the measurement of the soil microstructure. For example, the CT technology can be used for carrying out dynamic nondestructive measurement on the internal microstructure change of the soil in the stress process and then carrying out quantitative analysis so as to realize observation and research on the microstructure of the soil.
However, the soil environment is complex, the detecting instrument is expensive and heavy, and the detecting instrument is not portable, so that the accurate acquisition of the internal condition of the biological pore is difficult to realize in the field by utilizing the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the biological pore structure and the type of soil and a detection device used by the method, so as to solve the defects of difficult and inconvenient detection of the soil pore structure in the prior art.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for detecting a soil bio-pore structure and kind, comprising:
s1, digging a pit with a vertical section;
s2, determining a region to be detected on the vertical section;
s3, screening out biological pores to be detected in the region; acquiring detection data of each biological pore through a peeping unit; recording the detection data; classifying the biological pores according to the detection data;
s4, remanufacturing a vertical section at a position which is perpendicular to the vertical section and is separated from the vertical section by a set distance; repeating the steps S2 to S3.
The method comprises the steps of determining a region to be detected, wherein the region to be detected is realized through a grid, the grid is square, the grid is closely attached to the vertical section and is fixed, and the surrounding region is the region to be detected.
Wherein, the biological pore to be detected is screened by a screening unit.
Wherein the screening unit comprises square transparent sheets of a set size.
Wherein the set size is 3.9mm or more.
Wherein the vertical section is also cleaned before step S2.
Wherein, in the step S3, the classification is based on the pore wall property, the root system and the animal condition of the biological pore.
Wherein, the re-preparing the vertical profile in step S4 is performed by removing the soil.
The invention also provides a detection device for realizing the method for detecting the soil biological pore structure and the kind, which comprises a positioning unit, a screening unit and a peeping unit;
the positioning unit is used for determining a region to be detected;
the screening unit is used for screening out biological pores to be detected in the area;
the peeping unit is used for acquiring image and/or video information inside the biological pore.
The positioning unit comprises a square grid, wherein the grid comprises a hard frame and fine wires, and the fine wires are lapped into a plurality of square sub-grids in the hard frame;
the screening unit comprises square transparent sheets with set sizes;
the peeping unit is an industrial endoscope, and the industrial endoscope comprises a host, a handheld display operation machine and a probe.
(III) beneficial effects
The method for detecting the structure and the type of the biological pore of the soil and the detection device used by the method provided by the invention screen out the biological pore meeting the requirements by utilizing the simple and easy-to-operate positioning device and the screening device, and observe the internal structure of the biological pore by the peeping device, thereby realizing pore classification and providing help for knowing the soil condition at the position. The method and the device provided by the invention have the advantages of simple operation process and low cost, can not influence the ecological environment of soil, and are suitable for detecting various land conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting the structure and type of biological pores in soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a grid provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a frame; 2. a probe; 3. a sub-grid; 4. a biological aperture; 5. a hand-held display manipulator; 6. a thin wire.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "plurality" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "head," "tail," and the like are used as an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood as appropriate by those of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting the structure and type of biological pores in soil according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mesh according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a soil bio-pore structure and kind, including:
s1, digging pits with vertical sections.
Specifically, a forest land with a relatively flat topography is selected as a research point, a deep pit is firstly dug at a point to be detected by using a spade, and then one surface of the pit is trimmed to a vertical section with a large enough area, for example, a vertical section with a size larger than 1m multiplied by 1m is trimmed, so that the subsequent operation is convenient.
Further, the vertical section is cleaned before the next step, so that detection is facilitated. If the vertical section is flattened by using a flat-head small shovel, the root system outside the exposed section is trimmed by using scissors, finally, loose soil remained on the section is cleaned by using an industrial vacuum soil blowing (sucking) machine, and broken soil around the holes on the section is cleaned by using a small brush, so that large holes with clear boundaries are obtained.
S2, determining a region to be detected on the vertical section. In order to facilitate recording and studying the detection data, the study needs to be conducted within a limited range. In the embodiment of the invention, the demarcation of the area to be detected is realized by means of a tool, for example, the area to be detected is enclosed by a frame with a fixed shape, or an area is enclosed on a vertical section through steel nails and ropes. Preferably, the determination of the area to be detected is effected by means of a grid. The grid is square, square rectangle. The grid is placed and fixed against the vertical section without pressing the area enclosed by the vertical section, i.e. the area to be detected.
S3, screening out biological pores to be detected in the region; acquiring detection data of each biological pore through a peeping unit; recording the detection data; classifying the biological pores according to the detection data.
Specifically, the biological pores to be detected in the region are screened. In the scheme provided in this embodiment, the method is limited by the device in the peeping unit in the prior art, and is suitable for detecting the biological pores with the pore diameter of 3.9mm or more, so that the pores with the pore diameter of 3.9mm or more need to be screened before detection, and the pores with smaller diameters can be detected along with the entering of the technology.
Further, the screening process is performed by a screening unit, e.g. by a scale, by a sized tube test, etc. Still further, the screening unit comprises square transparent sheets of a set size. Therefore, the hole to be detected is not damaged, the cost is saved, and the efficiency is high. On the basis of the embodiment, the square transparent sheet is set to be 3.9mm or more, is made of polycarbonate and has a thickness of 1mm. By directly covering the transparent sheet on the pores, if the pore diameter of the biological pores is larger than the size of the sheet, a certain distance is reserved between the pores and the edges of the sheet, and the pores are the biological pores to be detected; if the sheet completely covers the aperture, it is indicated that the aperture is not the hole that needs to be detected.
After the pore to be detected is screened out, the internal structure of the pore is detected through the peeping unit, data are obtained, and the pore is classified according to the obtained data. In this embodiment, an industrial endoscope is used for detection, and in order to avoid the influence of natural light on the definition of the image, the image and the video must be shot by penetrating into a depth of 5cm in the hole when the image is shot. Further, the biological pores are classified according to the pore wall properties, the root systems in the pores and the animal conditions of the biological pores 4.
S4, remanufacturing a vertical section at a position which is perpendicular to the vertical section and is separated from the vertical section by a set distance; repeating the steps S2 to S3.
Specifically, the detection can be performed by taking 10cm of soil as one layer, and after the detection is completed, the vertical section is prepared again by removing the soil, and the detection of the next layer is performed, wherein the detection mode is as shown in steps S2-S3. In total, a plurality of layers, such as 5 layers can be detected, and detection data of each layer can be obtained.
The method for detecting the structure and the type of the biological pore of the soil and the detection device used by the method provided by the invention screen out the biological pore meeting the requirements by utilizing the simple and easy-to-operate positioning device and the screening device, and observe the internal structure of the biological pore by the peeping device, thereby realizing pore classification and providing help for knowing the soil condition at the position. The method and the device provided by the invention have the advantages of simple operation process and low cost, can not influence the ecological environment of soil, and are suitable for detecting various land conditions.
The invention also provides a detection device, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, for realizing the method for detecting the structure and the type of the biological pore of the soil, and the detection device comprises a positioning unit, a screening unit and a peeping unit.
The positioning unit is used for determining the area to be detected. Specifically, the square grid is adopted, the grid comprises a hard frame 1 and fine wires 6, as shown in fig. 3, the fine wires 6 are lapped into a plurality of square sub-grids 3 in the hard frame 1, and thus the holes in the area are conveniently detected sequentially so as to avoid missing detection.
The screening unit is used for screening out the biological pores 4 to be detected in the area. For example by screening with square transparent sheets of set dimensions.
The peeping unit is used to acquire image and/or video information inside the bio-aperture 4. In this embodiment, the peeping unit is an industrial endoscope, which includes a main body, a hand-held display operation machine 5, and a probe 2. The host mainly comprises a chargeable ion battery, an LED light source and a memory card; the hand-held display manipulator mainly comprises a digital true color liquid crystal display screen and a manual rocker direction controller; the probe part is 1m long and 3.9mm in diameter, the end probe is a color CCD camera, the probe has automatic white balance exposure and automatic focusing functions, the bending range of the probe is-90 degrees to 90 degrees, and the working temperature range is-20 degrees to 60 degrees.
By adopting the equipment, the types, the numbers and the like of the biological pores can be conveniently determined, and data support is provided for researching the soil ecological environment at the place.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for detecting the biological pore structure and the type of the soil is realized based on a detection device and is characterized in that the detection device comprises a positioning unit, a screening unit and a peeping unit;
the positioning unit is used for determining a region to be detected; the positioning unit comprises a square grid, the grid comprises a hard frame and fine wires, and the fine wires are lapped into a plurality of square sub-grids in the hard frame;
the screening unit is used for screening out biological pores to be detected in the area; the screening unit comprises square transparent sheets with set sizes;
the peeping unit is used for acquiring image and/or video information inside the biological pore; the peeping unit is an industrial endoscope, and the industrial endoscope comprises a host, a handheld display operation machine and a probe;
the method for detecting the biological pore structure and the type of the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a pit with a vertical section;
s2, determining a region to be detected on the vertical section through a grid; placing and fixing the grid close to the vertical section, wherein the enclosed area is the area to be detected;
s3, screening out the biological pores to be detected in the area through a screening unit; acquiring detection data of each biological pore through a peeping unit; recording the detection data; classifying the biological pores according to the detection data; the classification is based on the pore wall property of the biological pore, the root system in the pore and the animal condition;
s4, remanufacturing a vertical section at a position which is perpendicular to the vertical section and is separated from the vertical section by a set distance; repeating the steps S2 to S3.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mesh is square.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening unit comprises a square transparent sheet of a set size.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the set size is 3.9mm or more.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the vertical profile is further cleaned prior to step S2.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the re-production of the vertical profile in step S4 is performed by removing soil.
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