CN107144226B - Laser measurement roadway roof separation layer device and application method thereof - Google Patents
Laser measurement roadway roof separation layer device and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107144226B CN107144226B CN201710563982.9A CN201710563982A CN107144226B CN 107144226 B CN107144226 B CN 107144226B CN 201710563982 A CN201710563982 A CN 201710563982A CN 107144226 B CN107144226 B CN 107144226B
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser measurement roadway roof separation device and a use method thereof. The separation layer monitoring probe consists of a probe protective shell, an emitting optical window, a receiving optical window, a laser emitting device, a photoelectric conversion device and a data transmission device; the separation layer monitoring probe detects the separation layer area and the form of the top plate; the controllable hydraulic lifting system consists of a hydraulic transmission system and a plurality of sections of lifting rods; the controllable hydraulic lifting system sends the separation monitoring probe to a drill hole; and the data processing system controls the position, data acquisition and data processing of the separation monitoring probe. The device realizes accurate detection of the separation layer area and the shape of the top plate through the rotation of the laser monitoring probe in the horizontal direction and the lifting in the vertical direction. The method is simple to use, has stable and reliable detection results, and has important significance for stably controlling the top plate of the anchor net supporting roadway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a roadway roof separation monitoring device and a using method thereof, in particular to a device for measuring roadway roof separation by laser and a using method thereof.
Background
In coal mine production, roof abscission is one of main causes of tunnel roof accidents, and when the quantity of the roof abscission of a tunnel exceeds a certain range, if secondary reinforcement measures are not taken, the roof collapse accident can happen. Separation layers are easily generated between the rock strata of the roadway roof; the roadway surrounding rock has a weak joint surface, and when the roadway is subjected to tensile stress and shear stress, the joint surface can be separated. Therefore, the roadway roof separation layer is monitored, so that the development condition of the roadway roof separation layer and the stability of the roof are known, and reinforcement measures are taken in time, so that the roof collapse accident is effectively prevented, and the safety of underground personnel and property is guaranteed.
At present, the most commonly used roof absciss layer monitoring mode at home and abroad installs mechanical type roof absciss layer indicating instrument in the roof, through the stratum displacement on the different positions that absciss layer indicating instrument reflected as the absciss layer volume, "absciss layer volume" that this kind of measuring method obtained not only includes the stratum interlayer and the weak joint absciss layer of roof, still contain the coal seam excavation back, the elastoplasticity of roof stratum warp with meet water swelling deformation etc. the absciss layer volume that traditional mechanical type roof absciss layer indicating instrument can't the accurate measurement tunnel roof. The common drilling peeping instrument can realize the visual observation of the separation layer in the drilling, but the drilling peeping instrument can only observe the separation layer form roughly through naked eyes, and can not observe the extension length in the separation layer, so that technical personnel can not accurately judge the stability of the top plate, and great influence is brought to the safety and the reliability of a roadway and an excavation project.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to improve the detection precision of the separation layer of the roadway roof, improve the automation degree of the separation layer detection, reduce errors caused by manual operation, have high reliability and high measurement precision, and can realize automatic detection.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the method is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a laser survey tunnel roof separation layer device which characterized by: the device consists of a separation layer monitoring probe (1), a controllable hydraulic lifting system (2) and a data processing system (5). The separation layer monitoring probe consists of a probe protective shell (7), an emission optical window (8), a receiving optical window (9), a laser emission device (10), a photoelectric conversion device (11) and a data transmission device (6); the controllable hydraulic lifting system (2) consists of a hydraulic transmission system (3) and a plurality of sections of lifting rods (4); the data processing system (5) comprises a controllable hydraulic lifting system position control subsystem and a separation monitoring probe control subsystem; the data processing system (5) is respectively connected with the controllable hydraulic lifting system (2) and the separation layer monitoring probe (1) through the data transmission device (6), and the data processing system (5) processes data and calculates the detection distance of the laser.
The preferable scheme of the scheme is that a rotating structure is arranged at the lower part of the separation monitoring probe (1), and the separation monitoring probe (1) can rotate for 360 degrees and can detect all directions of a drilled hole.
In the preferable scheme of the scheme, the transmitting optical window (8) and the receiving optical window (9) are made of high-light-transmittance materials so as to protect electronic components in the separation layer monitoring probe (1).
In the above-described preferred embodiment, the photoelectric conversion device (11) is connected to a filter circuit, and the filter circuit is connected to a signal amplifier, and converts received light into an electric signal to perform electric signal gain.
A use method of a laser measurement roadway roof separation device comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling preparation: the method comprises the steps of drilling a drill hole (14) with the diameter of 40mm to 50mm and the length of 6m at the middle position of a top plate of a roadway supported by an anchor rod (18) and perpendicular to the top plate by using a hydraulic drilling machine, cleaning muddy water and broken stones in the hole, then placing a controllable hydraulic lifting system (2) and a separation layer monitoring probe (1) above the controllable hydraulic lifting system under the drill hole, fixing a base of the controllable hydraulic lifting system on a roadway bottom plate, and lifting the separation layer monitoring probe (1) to the initial position of the top plate drill hole (14) by using a plurality of lifting rods (4).
(2) Setting parameters: in a control subsystem of a controllable hydraulic lifting system built in a data processing system (5), the maximum lifting distance of a plurality of sections of lifting rods (4) is set to be 6m, namely the maximum height required to be detected by a separation monitoring probe (1) is 6m, and the lifting distance of the controllable hydraulic lifting system (2) each time is set to be 1 mm; in a separation monitoring probe control subsystem arranged in a data processing system (5), the detection time of a separation monitoring probe (1) is 2 seconds each time, the initial angle for resetting the separation monitoring probe (1) is 0 degree, and the separation monitoring probe rotates by 45 degrees each time the separation monitoring probe finishes laser detection.
(3) Detection of delamination:
A. the multi-section lifting rod (4) is lifted by 1mm, the data processing system records the position and the initial angle of the separation monitoring probe (1), the multi-section lifting rod (4) and the micro motor (12) are kept static for 2 seconds, during the period, the separation monitoring probe (1) emits laser beams to the horizontal direction and receives the reflected laser beams, and the data processing system (5) calculates the detection distance according to the propagation time of light in the air.
B. Keeping the positions of the lifting rods (4) unchanged, driving the separation layer monitoring probe (1) to rotate 45 degrees through the micro motor (12), recording the position and the angle of the separation layer monitoring probe (1) by the data processing system (5), keeping the lifting rods (4) and the micro motor (12) static for 2 seconds, carrying out laser detection again in the period, and calculating the detection distance.
C. Repeating the step B until the separation monitoring probe (1) rotates for a circle, namely completing the separation measurement at the periphery of the drill hole at a certain vertical position; a, B is repeated until the lifting distance of the multi-section lifting rod (4) reaches the set detection maximum value X, and the whole separation layer measurement work of the drill hole is completed.
D. And respectively drilling a first separation layer detection drill hole (16) and a second separation layer detection drill hole (17) at positions close to the two sides, completing separation layer detection work of the two drill holes, and comparing a measurement result of the detection drill holes with a measurement result of the drill hole in the middle of the top plate to ensure the accuracy of the separation layer detection result.
(4) Delamination discrimination and calculation
When the laser monitoring probe (1) is located at a top plate position X0 and the separation monitoring probe (1) does not enter a top plate separation layer (13) area, the detection distance of the laser is the length L from the emission optical window (8) to the hole wall of the drilled hole, and the length is theoretically a fixed value in a non-separation layer area. However, in consideration of the actual situation of a field, broken rock blocks exist on the hole wall of the drilled hole, the surface of the hole wall is uneven, the laser detection distance in a non-isolated layer area fluctuates in a small range, and the change range of the detection distance is small. The separation layer monitoring probe (1) enters the separation layer (13) area, and the detection length at any position is L0. The distance of laser detection can continuously increase, and after the distance is increased to the maximum value L1, the distance can be rapidly reduced to L, so that stability is achieved, and the distance in the delamination area of laser detection is far greater than the length L from the emission optical window (8) to the hole wall of the drilled hole. The position where the laser detection distance starts to change suddenly and the detection distance continuously increases is the off-layer initial position, and the lifting height of the multi-section lifting rod (4) at the position is X1; the position when the distance detected by the laser is gradually reduced from the maximum value to L is the end position of the separation layer, the lifting height of the multi-section lifting rod (4) at the position is X2, so that the separation layer quantity Y is X2-X1, and the extension radius of the separation layer is the maximum distance L1 detected by the laser.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) adopt controllable hydraulic pressure operating system and monitor rotating device, can detect out the position of roof absciss layer, the roof absciss layer is at the ascending absciss layer volume of vertical side, and the roof absciss layer extend range on the horizontal direction has realized the all-round accurate measurement of roof absciss layer in the roof drilling range.
(2) When the laser is adopted to measure the roof separation amount, the laser detection has the characteristics of high precision, simple operation and high reliability, and can be suitable for roof separation measurement under the severe condition of a coal mine.
(3) The automatic detection of the roof separation layer is realized through the data processing system, the manual operation procedures are reduced, and the measurement error can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the overall arrangement of delamination detection according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the internal structure of the delamination monitoring probe of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an initial position of detection of a non-delamination area of a roadway roof according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a roadway roof separation zone detecting entry into a separation zone in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the tunnel roof delamination area detection departure delamination area of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a delamination monitoring probe; 2. a controllable hydraulic lifting system; 3. a hydraulic transmission system; 4. a multi-section lifting rod; 5. a data processing system; 6. a data transmission device; 7. a probe protective housing; 8. an emission optical window; 9. receiving an optical window; 10. a laser emitting device; 11. a photoelectric conversion device; 12. a micro-motor; 13. top plate delamination; 14. drilling; 15. a roof strata; 16. a first delamination inspection borehole; 17. a second delamination inspection borehole; 18. an anchor rod.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the following drawings:
as shown in figure 1, the laser measurement roadway roof separation device provided by the invention comprises a separation monitoring probe (1), a controllable hydraulic lifting system (2) and a data processing system (5).
Specifically, the separation layer monitoring probe (1) is fixed at the upper end of a multi-section lifting rod (4) through a micro motor (12) at the bottom of the separation layer monitoring probe, the lower end of the multi-section lifting rod (4) is connected with a hydraulic transmission system (3), and the multi-section lifting rod (4) is driven by the hydraulic transmission system (3), so that the separation layer monitoring probe (1) moves in the vertical direction; the multi-section lifting rod (4) is internally provided with a data transmission device (6), the separation layer monitoring probe (1) is in information exchange with a data processing system (5) through the data transmission device (6), the hydraulic transmission system (3) is connected with the data processing system (5) through the data transmission device (6), and the data processing system (5) is internally provided with a controllable hydraulic lifting system control subsystem which is used for controlling the action of the hydraulic transmission system (3).
As shown in fig. 2, the delamination monitoring probe (1) mainly includes a probe protective case (7), an emission optical window (8), a reception optical window (9), a laser emission device (10), a photoelectric conversion device (11), and a micro motor (12).
Specifically, an emission optical window (8) is connected with the front end of a laser emission device (10), the laser emission device (10) is connected with a data processing system (5) through a data transmission device (6), a separation layer monitoring probe control subsystem arranged in the data processing system (5) controls the emission of laser beams, and the laser beams emitted by the laser emission device penetrate through the emission optical window (8) and irradiate to the position of a separation layer (13) along the horizontal direction; the receiving optical window (9) is connected with the front end of a photoelectric conversion device (11), the photoelectric conversion device (11) is connected with the front end of a filter circuit, the filter circuit is connected with the front end of a signal amplifier, the signal amplifier is connected with a data processing system (5) through a data transmission device (6), a laser beam reflected by a separation layer position passes through the receiving optical window (9) and is converted into an electric signal through the photoelectric conversion device (11), the electric signal is rectified by the filter circuit and amplified by the signal amplifier and is input to the data processing system (5), and the detection distance of the laser is calculated according to the propagation time of the laser.
Preferably, according to one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, a micro motor (12) is mounted at the bottom of the delamination monitoring probe (1), and the micro motor (12) enables the delamination monitoring probe (1) to rotate 360 degrees around a vertical central line to detect a drill hole (14) for one circle.
The use method of the device for laser measurement of roadway roof separation according to the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling preparation: at the top plate middle position department of anchor bolt support tunnel section, use hydraulic drill perpendicular to top plate to drill out a diameter and be 40mm to 50mm, length is drilling (14) of 6m, clear up downthehole muddy water and rubble, then, place controllable hydraulic lifting system (2) and off-layer monitoring probe (1) of top in under the drilling, be fixed in the tunnel bottom plate with controllable hydraulic lifting system base, multisection lifter (4) lifting off-layer monitoring probe (1) to top plate drilling (14) initial position.
(2) Setting parameters: inputting the maximum ascending distance 6m of a plurality of sections of lifting rods (4), namely the maximum height 6m required to be detected by a separation monitoring probe (1), in a controllable hydraulic lifting control subsystem arranged in a data processing system (5), and simultaneously setting the distance of each lifting of the plurality of sections of lifting rods (4) to be 1 mm; in a separation monitoring probe control subsystem arranged in a data processing system (5), each detection time of the separation monitoring probe (1) is 2 seconds, the initial angle for resetting the separation monitoring probe (1) is 0 degree, and the separation monitoring probe (1) rotates by 45 degrees when each laser detection is finished.
(3) Detection of delamination:
A. the lifting of the multi-section lifting rod (4) is 1mm, the data processing system (5) records the position and the initial angle of the separation layer monitoring probe (1), the multi-section lifting rod (4) and the micro motor (12) are kept static for 2 seconds, during the period, the separation layer monitoring probe (1) emits laser beams to the horizontal direction and receives the reflected laser beams, and the data processing system (5) calculates the detection distance according to the propagation time of light in the air.
B. Keeping the positions of the lifting rods (4) in multiple sections unchanged, driving the separation layer monitoring probe (1) to rotate 45 degrees through the micro motor (12), recording the position and the angle of the separation layer monitoring probe (1) by the data processing system (5), keeping the lifting rods (4) and the micro motor (12) static for 2 seconds, carrying out laser detection again in the period, and calculating the detection distance.
C. Repeating the step B until the separation monitoring probe (1) rotates for a circle, namely completing the separation measurement at the periphery of the drill hole at a certain vertical position; a, B is repeated until the lifting distance of the multi-section lifting rod (4) reaches the set detection maximum value X, and the whole separation layer measurement work of the drill hole is completed.
D. And respectively drilling a first separation layer detection drill hole (16) and a second separation layer detection drill hole (17) at positions close to the two sides, completing separation layer detection work of the two drill holes, and comparing a measurement result of the detection drill holes with a measurement result of the drill hole in the middle of the top plate to ensure the accuracy of the separation layer detection result.
(4) Delamination discrimination and calculation
As shown in fig. 3, the laser monitoring probe (1) is located at a roof position X0, and when the delamination monitoring probe (1) does not enter the delamination area, the detection distance of the laser is the length L from the emission optical window (8) to the borehole wall, and the length is theoretically a constant value in the non-delamination area. However, in consideration of the actual situation of a field, broken rock blocks exist on the hole wall of the drilled hole, the surface of the hole wall is uneven, the laser detection distance in a non-isolated layer area fluctuates in a small range, and the change range of the detection distance is small.
As shown in fig. 4, the detection length of the delamination monitoring probe (1) entering any position of the delamination area (13) is L0. The distance of laser detection can continuously increase, and after the distance is increased to the maximum value L1, the distance can be rapidly reduced to L, so that stability is achieved, and the distance in the delamination area of laser detection is far greater than the length L from the emission optical window (8) to the hole wall of the drilled hole. The position where the laser detection distance starts to change suddenly and the detection distance continuously increases is the off-layer initial position, and the lifting height of the multi-section lifting rod (4) at the position is X1; the position when the distance detected by the laser is gradually reduced from the maximum value to L is the end position of the separation layer, the lifting height of the multi-section lifting rod (4) at the position is X2, so that the separation layer amount Y is X2-X1, and the extension range of the separation layer is the maximum distance detected by the laser L1.
Through the specific implementation, the invention provides the device for measuring the separation layer of the roadway roof by using the laser and the using method thereof, the adopted laser measurement has high precision and reliability, and meanwhile, the underground measurement is safe and convenient, the specific position of the separation layer of the roof, the separation layer amount and the extension length of the separation layer in the horizontal direction can be detected, and the accurate measurement of the separation layer of the roadway roof is really realized. The method can accurately and quickly obtain the deformation condition of the roof rock stratum, provides a basis for the maintenance and secondary reinforcement construction of the roadway roof with complicated and variable surrounding rock conditions, and has important significance in the aspects of safe construction of the anchor net supporting roadway, research on the deformation mechanism of the roof surrounding rock and the like.
Claims (1)
1. A laser measuring roadway roof separation device is composed of a separation monitoring probe, a controllable hydraulic lifting system and a data processing system; the separation layer monitoring probe consists of a probe protective shell, an emitting optical window, a receiving optical window, a laser emitting device, a photoelectric conversion device and a data transmission device; the controllable hydraulic lifting system consists of a hydraulic transmission system and a plurality of sections of lifting rods; the data processing system comprises a controllable hydraulic lifting system position control subsystem and a separation monitoring probe control subsystem; the data processing system is respectively connected with the controllable hydraulic lifting system and the separation layer monitoring probe through the data transmission device, the separation layer monitoring probe sends laser beams to the horizontal direction and receives the reflected laser beams, and the data processing system processes data and calculates the detection distance of the laser; the lower part of the separation monitoring probe is provided with a rotating structure, and the separation monitoring probe can rotate 360 degrees and can detect all directions of a drilled hole;
the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of drilling preparation, parameter setting, separation detection, separation identification and calculation, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) drilling preparation: drilling a drilled hole with the diameter of 40-50 mm and the length of 6m at the middle position of a top plate of the cross section of the anchor bolt supporting roadway by using a hydraulic drilling machine, cleaning muddy water and broken stones in the hole, then placing a controllable hydraulic lifting rod and a separation layer monitoring probe above the controllable hydraulic lifting rod right below the drilled hole, fixing a base of a controllable hydraulic lifting system on a bottom plate of the roadway, and lifting the separation layer monitoring probe to the initial position of the drilled hole of the top plate by using a plurality of sections of lifting rods;
(2) setting parameters: in a controllable hydraulic lifting rod control subsystem arranged in a data processing system, the maximum lifting distance of a plurality of sections of lifting rods is set to be 6m, namely the maximum height required to be detected by a separation monitoring probe is 6m, and the lifting distance of the controllable hydraulic lifting system each time is set to be 1 mm; in a separation monitoring probe control subsystem arranged in a data processing system, the detection time of the separation monitoring probe is 1 second each time, the initial angle of the separation monitoring probe is reset to be 0 degree, and the separation monitoring probe rotates by 45 degrees each time the separation monitoring probe finishes laser detection;
(3) detection of delamination:
A. lifting the lifting rods by 1mm, recording the positions and initial angles of the separation layer monitoring probes by the data processing system, keeping the lifting rods and the micro motor still for 1 second, emitting laser beams to the horizontal direction by the separation layer monitoring probes during the period, receiving the reflected laser beams, and calculating the detection distance by the data processing system according to the propagation time of light in the air;
B. keeping the positions of the lifting rods in multiple sections unchanged, driving the separation layer monitoring probe to rotate by 45 degrees through the micro motor, recording the position and the angle of the separation layer monitoring probe by the data processing system, keeping the lifting rods in multiple sections and the micro motor still for 1 second, carrying out laser detection again in the period, and calculating the detection distance;
C. repeating the step B until the separation monitoring probe rotates for a circle, namely completing the separation measurement at the periphery of the drill hole at a certain position; the A, B step is repeated until the lifting distance of the multi-section lifting rod reaches the set detection maximum value X, and at the moment, the whole separation layer measurement work of the drilling hole is completed;
D. respectively drilling a first separation layer detection drill hole and a second separation layer detection drill hole at positions close to the two sides, completing separation layer detection work of the two drill holes, and comparing a measurement result of the detection drill holes with a measurement result of the drill hole in the middle of the top plate to ensure the accuracy of a separation layer detection result;
(4) separation layer judgment and calculation: when the separation layer monitoring probe does not enter the separation layer area, the detection distance of the laser is the length L from the emission optical window to the hole wall of the drill hole, and the length is theoretically a fixed value in the non-separation layer area; however, in consideration of the actual situation of a field, broken rock blocks exist on the hole wall of the drilled hole, so that the surface of the hole wall is uneven, the laser detection distance in a non-separation layer area fluctuates in a small range, and the change range of the detection distance is small; when the separation layer monitoring probe enters a separation layer area, the distance detected by the laser can be continuously increased, and can be quickly reduced to L after the distance is increased to the maximum value L1, so that the stability is achieved, and the distance in the separation layer area detected by the laser is far greater than the length L from the emission optical window to the hole wall of the drilling hole; the position where the laser detection distance starts to change suddenly and the detection distance continuously increases is the off-layer initial position, and the lifting height of the multi-section lifting rod at the position is X1; the position when the distance detected by the laser is gradually reduced from the maximum value to L is the off-layer stopping position, the lifting height of the multi-section lifting rod at the position is X2, the off-layer quantity Y = X2-X1 can be obtained, and the extending radius of the off-layer is the maximum distance detected by the laser L1.
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| CN109441540B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2020-02-21 | 浙江科技学院 | Deep chamber roof deformation monitoring device integrating detection, ranging and imaging |
| CN112762850A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-05-07 | 绵阳利剑通激光雷达科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional laser scanner for rapidly monitoring mine tunnel and section deformation |
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| US8197912B2 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2012-06-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Precision separation of PV thin film stacks |
| CN204313794U (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-05-06 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of roadway roof absciss layer instrument |
| CN205333014U (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-22 | 河南理工大学 | Laser rangefinder roof separation layer appearance |
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