CN107137573A - 一种防治兔巴氏杆菌病的药物 - Google Patents
一种防治兔巴氏杆菌病的药物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明名称是:一种防治兔巴氏杆菌病的药物,属医药与医学工程技术领域,其组成以质量份数表示为:金银花5‑15份、桉叶5‑15份、生石膏5‑15份、知母5‑15份、辛夷4‑12份、黄芩4‑12份、黄柏4‑12份、秦皮4‑12份、紫珠3‑9份、仙鹤草3‑9份、藕节3‑9份、茜草3‑9份、大黄2‑6份、栀子2‑6份、甘草2‑6份、大枣2‑6份。将上述中草药晒干、称重、粉碎至过60目筛,混拌均匀即可。临床应用时采用沸水浸泡30‑60分钟,使药物有效成分充分溶解并析出,以利于病兔的体内吸收,同时加入少量的糖类和Vc,可提高药效。该药物临床治愈率较高,无不良反应,不易产生抗药性,兔肉内无药物残留。所需原料易得,制备简单,使用方便,可在大、中、小兔场广泛推广应用。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于医药与医学工程技术领域,特别是一种涉及防治兔巴氏杆菌病的药物。
背景技术:
自改革开放以来,我国的养兔业得以迅速发展。养兔规模不断扩大,养殖方式向工厂化、集约化方向发展,基本上满足了人们对兔肉、兔毛的市场需求。然而,兔病仍然是危害和制约养兔业健康持续发展的重要因素。特别是某些传染病危害更甚,如兔巴氏杆菌病(俗称兔出败)等。该病是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起,其特征为急性败血症和出血性炎症,家兔对该菌高度敏感,常引起大批家兔发病死亡,给养兔者造成重大经济损失。该病菌分布广泛,兔的带菌率为35-70%。该病一年四季均可发生,我国北方多在春秋两季,呈散发或地方流行性。现有技术中公开的用于防治兔巴氏杆菌病的药物主要有菌苗、血清、西药和中兽药四大类。虽然四者均有不同程度的防治效果,但也存在这样或那样的技术问题,有待于技术创新。如国产兔巴氏杆菌菌苗,虽有良好的预防疗效,但在实践中发现,有些养兔者在免疫程序、接种时间、接种剂量等方面存在诸多问题而导致免疫效果不理想甚至免疫失败,更有甚者不做免疫,从而导致本病发生;市售的抗出败多价血清可用于本病的应急防治,但因其成本较高,且在使用时仍需配合抗菌西药治疗,在临床实践中极少应用,至今未能大面积推广应用;市售的西药如抗生素类(青霉素、链霉素、四环素等)、磺胺类药物等均有较好的防治效果,然而,随着多年长期应用,甚至乱用、滥用,其疗效逐年降低,用量则逐年增加,耐药性菌株的不断形成已是不争的事实,且有潜在的药残隐患,对兔肉食品安全构成威胁;其它市售的中兽药如兔败灵、兔败康等虽无上述西药之弊端,但在配方构成和应用方法上也存在某些技术缺陷,要么因配方不严谨而疗效欠佳,要么在应用方法上常将药物散剂直接拌料喂服,延缓了病兔对药物有效成分的吸收速率,防治效果也不尽人意。因此,很有必要对防治兔巴氏杆菌病的药物进行技术创新。
发明目的:
本发明的目的就在于提供一种疗效确切、治愈率较高、无毒副作用、无药物残留、不易产生耐药性且便于应用的防治兔巴氏杆菌病的纯中草药药物。
发明内容:
为实现本发明的目的,发明人进行了多年试验研究和反复验证,付出了大量的艰辛劳动,不断探索并筛选出多个中草药配方,经优化设计和重复实践,最终确定了本发明的配方,其组成以质量份数表示为:金银花5-15份、桉叶5-15份、生石膏5-15份、知母5-15份、辛夷4-12份、黄芩4-12份、黄柏4-12份、秦皮4-12份、紫珠3-9份、仙鹤草3-9份、藕节3-9份、茜草3-9份、大黄2-6份、栀子2-6份、甘草2-6份、大枣2-6份。将上述中草药晒干、称重、粉碎至过60目筛,混拌均匀即可得本发明成品。
本发明药物的用法用量如下:
A.用法:根据兔群数量、病情、用量称药粉倒入瓷缸或其它陶瓷容器内(忌用铁、铝等金属容器,以免发生反应,影响疗效),再加入药粉量5-10倍沸水盖口浸焖30-60分钟,这样可使药物的有效成分充分溶解并析出。待药液温度降至常温时,再按沸水量或药液量加入10%的白糖或葡萄糖和200ppm的Vc原粉;目的是及时补充病兔体内的能量和体液,并有一定的解毒效力。如此配好的药液于傍晚前一次投服,重者灌服,连用3-5天为一个疗程。
B.用量:治疗量1-2g/只.日,预防量0.5-1.0g/只.日,连服3-5天。
方剂解析:
本发明是根据祖国传统的中兽医学理论,结合兔巴氏杆菌病的特征及多年临床实践辨证而设计的。中兽医认为:病兔和健康带菌兔是本病的主要传染源,其分泌物和排泄物可污染饲料、饮水、用具及环境,经消化道和呼吸道感染本病。当兔体抗病力强或称卫气充盈时,能抑制或抵抗病菌难以侵入营血而不发病;而一旦受气温突变、通风不良、笼舍拥挤、长途运输、饲养管理及卫生条件不好或感染其它疾病等应激因素,即可引起本病在兔群中暴发。临床上当兔体卫外能力减弱时,病邪经口鼻侵入肺胃,热蒸化毒,气分毒邪不解,渐入营分、血分,邪热渐盛,迫血妄行,以至气滞血瘀,热冲咽喉。故临床表现精神萎靡、食欲减少或拒食、呼吸困难,体温升高至41℃以上。故流浆液性脓性鼻涕,多数兔下痢,呈全身性败血症状,剖检病死兔可见呼吸系统等脏器的出血性病变。本病属中兽医学的温病范畴。因此,对本病宜确立清热解毒、泻肺利咽、止血化瘀为治则。故本配方中首先确立金银花、桉叶、生石膏、知母4味药强强联合组成主力方阵为君药,以确保本发明清热解毒、泻火凉血之功效;再选善治鼻病的辛夷、善清肺热的黄芩、除下焦湿热之佳品黄柏、集祛痰、止咳、平喘、除湿热、止泻痢于一身的秦皮为臣药,以协助君药增强清热解毒之功效;另调紫珠、仙鹤草、藕节、茜草4味共为佐药,意在强化止血之功效,以助君臣之药效;又派大黄、栀子、甘草、大枣4味为使药,旨在调和诸药、缓和药性,分别从消化道和泌尿道驱残余邪毒以体外,达到攻邪而不伤正,还可免“闭门留寇”之忧。
综观全方,本发明配方严谨,紧扣治则,君、臣、佐、使各司其职,尽显其长,且协调联动、共奏药功。此外,在临床应用时,又增加了糖类和Vc两个外援药物,既补给养、又散毒力,更强化了本发明的驱邪扶正作用。因此,本发明比其它相关药物具有较高的临床治愈率。
具体实施方式:以下实施例用以说明本发明。
实施例1:
供试时间:2011年10月。
供试地点:河北省玉田县赵文华养兔场。
供试兔群:92-105日龄,226只商品代青紫兰兔,因气候变化、阴雨连绵而发生兔巴氏杆菌病,饲养管理条件相同,均未接种兔巴氏杆菌疫苗。
供试药物:即本发明的纯中药制剂,各味原料药均购自河北省安国市东方药城,其组成按质量份数表示为:金银花5份、桉叶5份、生石膏5份、知母5份、辛夷4份、黄芩4份、黄柏4份、秦皮4份、紫珠3份、仙鹤草3份、藕节3份、茜草3份、大黄2份、栀子2份、甘草2份、大枣2份。将上述中草药晒干、称重、粉碎至过60目筛,混拌均匀即可得本发明成品。
试验组:113只,用本发明药物治疗。
对照组:113只,用西药链霉素治疗。
试验组步骤如下:
①称药:每只兔每天用药1g,共称取113g本发明药物倒入瓷缸内。
②浸泡:往缸内加沸水565g,加盖浸焖30分钟。
③加药:待药汁温度降至20-25℃时,加入56.5g白糖和0.113gVc原粉,搅拌均匀。
④投服:在傍晚喂食前,给兔群一次性投入该药液(含药渣),任兔群自由饮服、采食,重者灌服。
⑤疗程:连续用药5天。
对照组:采用链霉素肌内注射,每公斤体重1万单位,每日2次,连用5天。
试验结果列于下表 单位:只.%
结果表明:试验组比对照组的治愈率高出8.85个百分点。
实施例2:
供试时间:2012年3月。
供试地点:河北省遵化市刘二妮养兔场。
供试兔群:90-115日龄,282只商品代加利福尼亚兔,因气候变化、兔群拥挤等因素发生兔巴氏杆菌病,饲养管理条件相同,均未接种兔巴氏杆菌疫苗。
供试药物:即本发明的纯中药制剂,各味原料药采购同实施例1,其组成按质量份数表示为:金银花15份、桉叶15份、生石膏15份、知母15份、辛夷12份、黄芩12份、黄柏12份、秦皮12份、紫珠9份、仙鹤草9份、藕节9份、茜草9份、大黄6份、栀子6份、甘草6份、大枣6份。加工方法同实施例1。
试验组:141只,用本发明药物治疗。
对照组:141只,用市售中兽药兔败康治疗。
试验组步骤如下:
①称药:每只兔每天用药2g,共称取282g本发明药物倒入瓷缸内。
②浸泡:往缸内加沸水2820g,加盖浸焖60分钟。
③加药:待药汁温度降至20-25℃时,加入282g葡萄糖和0.564gVc原粉,搅拌均匀。
④投服:同实施例1。
⑤疗程:连续用药3天。
对照组:称取兔败康282g,每只兔用量同试验组,直接拌精饲料投服,连续用药3天。
试验结果列于下表 单位:只.%
结果表明:试验组比对照组的治愈率高出8.93个百分点。
Claims (3)
1.一种防治兔巴氏杆菌病的药物,其特征在于其组成以质量份数表示为:
金银花5-15份、桉叶5-15份、生石膏5-15份、知母5-15份、辛夷4-12份、黄芩4-12份、黄柏4-12份、秦皮4-12份、紫珠3-9份、仙鹤草3-9份、藕节3-9份、茜草3-9份、大黄2-6份、栀子2-6份、甘草2-6份、大枣2-6份。
2.按权利要求1所述的防治兔巴氏杆菌病的药物,其特征在于其组成以质量份数表示为:
金银花5份、桉叶5份、生石膏5份、知母5份、辛夷4份、黄芩4份、黄柏4份、秦皮4份、紫珠3份、仙鹤草3份、藕节3份、茜草3份、大黄2份、栀子2份、甘草2份、大枣2份。
3.按权利要求1所述的防治兔巴氏杆菌病的药物,其特征在于其组成以质量份数表示为:
金银花15份、桉叶15份、生石膏15份、知母15份、辛夷12份、黄芩12、黄柏12份、秦皮12份、紫珠9份、仙鹤草9份、藕节9份、茜草9份、大黄6份、栀子6份、甘草6份、大枣6份。
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