CN107137126B - 单头同心圆状双j管 - Google Patents

单头同心圆状双j管 Download PDF

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CN107137126B
CN107137126B CN201710558295.8A CN201710558295A CN107137126B CN 107137126 B CN107137126 B CN 107137126B CN 201710558295 A CN201710558295 A CN 201710558295A CN 107137126 B CN107137126 B CN 107137126B
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庞广富
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Abstract

本发明公开一种单头同心圆状双J管,涉及医疗器械领域,它包括两端开口的聚氨酯导管,聚氨酯导管两个端头分别弯曲成在同一平面的对侧延长线上的大弹性圈和小弹性圈,在小弹性圈外侧顺延的导管从外向内绕曲形成数个同一平面的同心圆状螺旋形的阻挡圈,所绕导管绕至阻挡圈中心时以顺弧形从阻挡圈下方向小弹性圈平面对侧的延长线延伸直至连接大的弹性圈。数个同心圆状螺旋阻挡圈的圈与圈之间相贴;阻挡圈的平面与小弹性圈的平面垂直。本发明可以解决经尿道输尿管镜碎石手术治疗中存在的结石向肾盂内移位致碎石失败,或者阻挡结石上移的器械占据输尿管下段内空间,妨碍进镜操作及碎石冲出困难,难于达到满意效果的问题。

Description

单头同心圆状双J管
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,尤其是一种用于输尿管、肾结石腔镜碎石手术治时阻挡结石移位的内置单头同心圆状双J管。
背景技术
随着输尿管肾镜技术的进步和钬激光在泌尿外科的应用,经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗各种输尿管、肾结石已经成为常规的泌尿外科结石手术。这种手术具有无创伤,效果确切,费用低廉,易于普及应用等特点而为泌尿外科医生及患者所接受。但这种手术结石易于向肾盂及肾盏内移位而使结石碎石率下降,特别是输尿管中段及上段结石,当碎石操作后结石松动,冲洗液灌注时易使结石向上移位进入肾盂及各盏内而无法窥见,此时碎石成功率少于50%。目前有人通过改变体位使结石沉积固定于最低位置易于碎石,但效果不佳;还有经尿道插入带膨胀气囊的导管在结石上方充盈气囊阻挡结石上移,或者带线的网篮越过结石上方网住防止术中结石上移等方法,这些方法不但操作繁杂,气囊破裂阻挡失败,还因上述管材占据输尿管下段空间而致管腔变细,导致术中插入输尿管肾镜困难,特别是输尿管上段结石时; 阻挡碎石冲出膀胱内,而且材料价贵。还有以单头锥状螺旋双J管挂在结石上方和膀胱之间,以阻挡术中结石上移,但也存在J管难于固定,易于上移及脱出,占据输尿管下段操作空间,进镜操作及碎石排出困难的缺点,难于达到满意的效果。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种单头同心圆状双J管,它可以解决经尿道输尿管镜碎石手术治疗中存在J管及阻挡圈放置位置不准确,且难于固定,占据输尿管下段操作空间,妨碍进镜操作及碎石冲出困难,难于达到满意效果的问题。
为了解决上述问题,本发明的技术方案是:这种单头同心圆状双J管两端开口的中空的聚氨酯导管,所述聚氨酯导管两个端头分别弯曲有一大一小的小弹性圈和大弹性圈,所述小弹性圈和所述大弹性圈在同一平面的对侧端,其特征在于:在所述小弹性圈和所述大弹性圈之间紧挨所述小弹性圈连接有阻挡圈,所述阻挡圈为所述小弹性圈外侧顺延的导管段从外向内绕曲形成数个同平面的同心圆螺旋状挡圈,所述导管段绕至最后一个所述螺旋状挡圈的中心时以顺弧形从所述螺旋状挡圈下方向所述小弹性圈平面对侧的延长线延伸连接到所述大弹性圈;数个所述螺旋状挡圈的圈与圈之间相贴;所述螺旋状挡圈的平面与所述小弹性圈和所述大弹性圈的平面垂直;当所述聚氨酯导管管腔中插入相应大小的直引导导丝时,其完全伸直,当抽出所述直引导导丝后即弹性恢复原状。
上述技术方案中,更为具体的方案还可以是:所述小弹性圈和所述大弹性圈的管壁上设置有弹性圈侧孔和明显的刻度标志,所述大弹性圈的周长为6厘米,所述小弹性圈的周长为4厘米;所述阻挡圈的直径为1-2厘米;所述螺旋状挡圈后延伸至所述大弹性圈的管壁上设置有长度刻度标志和直管侧孔,两个所述直管侧孔之间相隔5厘米,且相邻两个所述直管侧孔不在同一平面。
进一步:所述聚氨酯导管的外圆周长为4Fr或5Fr。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明由于导管的材料选用聚氨脂,具有抗老化性强,组织相容性好,无毒性,表面极光滑,可曲性好,具有弹性,韧性大,不易断裂的特点,且导管的同心圆状结构、圈与圈之间相贴,易于放入在扩张的输尿管腔内,依据输尿管腔的大小与形状,圈与圈之间可以相互重叠、变形及扭曲,使边缘与输尿管壁相贴合,阻挡碎石手术时结石上移,但不阻止输尿管及肾盂内液体的流动。手术碎石前在置入的输尿管肾镜的监视下将插入肾盂内的引导导丝外侧端插入同心圆状双J管的管腔内,使同心圆状双J管变成条状管循导丝导入结石上方,拉出引导导丝后,本发明借导管良好的可曲性和弹性,在结石上方回缩成同心圆状结构,且小弹性圈一端准确钩在结石上,使同心圆状阻挡圈能准确地固定在结石上方,本发明于圆圈中心延长管及导管段在大弹性圈的固定下可以阻止同心圆挡圈过度向上移位。有效阻挡碎石过程中结石的上移,结石可以在原位充分粉碎;同时由于同心圆状双J管全部安置在结石上方的输尿管及肾盂内,结石以下的输尿管内没有管材阻挡,插入及退出输尿管镜操作时不会有阻碍,粉碎的结石在退出输尿管镜时易于跟随冲洗液冲出膀胱内。同时因导管表面极光滑、柔软性佳,碎石结束后可用相应的操作钳在输尿管肾镜监视下方便取出,不会损伤输尿管及肾盂粘膜。
2、本发明具有良好的韧性和抗拉性,没有精细的微小结构(如气囊阻挡导管有精密的注气结构及阀门,易破裂的气囊,外延的导管、操作线等),导入输尿管上段及肾盂内可随意弯曲及折叠。无损坏或断裂可能;价格低廉,便于临床推广应用;手术碎石时阻挡结石移位效果可靠,原位碎石成功率高;导管的同心圆状结构能有效阻挡碎石时结石的上移,碎石成功率高;减少患者因结石移位而致碎石失败而多次手术的损害。
3、使用本发明在碎石过程中,因小弹性圈从结石与输尿管间隙中通过,并钩住结石而固定在结石旁,结石及小弹性圈均不易移位,输尿管上段及肾盂内与下段通过小弹性圈的管腔及其间隙相通,肾盂内积液可以通过上述管腔及间隙泄向结石下方的输尿管下段而降低压力。减少结石梗阻引起的肾盂内感染的细菌、毒素等有毒物质逆流入血的机会,同时,导管两端开口,有众多的侧孔,与现有产品不同,有确切有效的引流作用,更能降低碎石灌注过程中不断升高的肾盂压力,从而减少毒素向肾外外渗及进入血液,进一步降低术后感染、发热的机率。
4、用本发明配套使用本人设计的《泌尿腔镜手术器》碎石清石,因其良好的对流负压吸除功能,将本发明阻挡在原位的输尿管、肾盂结石粉碎吸除,能增加结石清除率,达到清除结石的完美效果。
5、本发明提供的导管操作简单,只需掌握输尿管肾镜操作技术的泌尿外科医师即可操作,不需另行操作培训。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为本发明与导丝配合时的状态示意图;
图3为本发明应用时状态示意图。
图中标号表示为:图中标号表示为:1、本发明,2、小弹性圈,3、阻挡圈,4、圆圈中心延长管,5、直管侧孔,6、大弹性圈,7、引导导丝粗头,8、引导导丝细头,9、肾,10、肾盂,11、结石,12、输尿管,13、膀胱,14、输尿管膀胱入口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明:
图1和图2的单头同心圆状双J管1,包括两端开口的中空的聚氨酯导管,所述聚氨酯导管两个端头分别弯曲成两个一大一小的弹性圈,即小弹性圈2和大弹性圈6;小弹性圈2和大弹性圈6在同一平面的对侧端,在两个弹性圈之间紧挨小弹性圈2设置有阻挡圈3,阻挡圈3为小弹性圈2的外侧顺延的导管段从外向内绕曲形成3个同一平面的同心圆螺旋状挡圈,所述导管段绕至最后一个螺旋挡圈的中心时以顺弧形的圆圈中心延长管4从所述螺旋状挡圈下方向小弹性圈2平面对侧的延长线延伸连接到大弹性圈6;3个所述螺旋状挡圈的圈与圈之间紧贴;阻挡圈3的平面与小弹性圈2和大弹性圈6的平面垂直;当所述聚氨酯导管管腔中插入相应直径大小的具有软硬两头,即硬性的引导导丝粗头7和软性的引导导丝细头8的直引导导丝时,如图2所示,整根所述聚氨酯导管完全伸直,当抽出所述直引导导丝后整根所述聚氨酯导管即弹性恢复原状。
小弹性圈2和大弹性圈6的管壁上设置有弹性圈侧孔和明显的刻度标志,大弹性圈6的周长为6厘米、小弹性圈2的周长为4厘米;阻挡圈3的直径为1-2厘米;所述螺旋状挡圈后延伸至大弹性圈6的管壁上设置有长度刻度标志和直管侧孔5,两个直管侧孔5之间相隔5厘米,且相邻两个直管侧孔5不在同一平面。聚氨酯导管的长度为14-30厘米,当应用于输尿管12内结石11的阻挡时,聚氨酯导管的长度可以依据结石上端与肾盂的距离而选择相应长度,使圆圈中心延长管4长度与结石上端与肾盂的距离相匹配,聚氨酯导管的外圆周长的大小有4Fr和5Fr两种规格。
如图3所示,使用本发明时,先硬膜外阻滞麻醉(或者全身麻醉)下病人取截石位,经尿道插入8/9.8Fr输尿管肾镜至膀胱13内,向结石侧输尿管12开口内插入直引导导丝,循直引导导丝引导下向输尿管开口插入输尿管肾镜,推进至输尿管结石下方时,将直引导导丝从结石11和输尿管壁之间较宽松的间隙越过结石并向上推进而插至肾9的肾盂10内,在输尿管镜电视监视下将本发明(单头同心圆状双J管)循直引导导丝推入结石11上方(大弹性圈端先入),确认并使小弹性圈近端口在结石下方,逐步抽出直引导导丝,小弹性圈即准确地钩在结石上,阻挡圈也准确地定位在结石上方输尿管内;退出8/9.8Fr输尿管肾镜,换用6/7.5Fr输尿管肾镜,如法进镜后在灌注冲洗下以钬激光反复将结石粉碎。因输尿管下段无异物阻挡,且碎石用的输尿管肾镜镜体细小,冲入的灌注液及小碎石可以从输尿管壁与较细的输尿管肾镜之间的间隙流入膀胱内,视野清楚,结石在原位完全粉碎而不会向上移位。碎石间歇期将输尿管肾镜远端退至输尿管膀胱开口外,粉碎的结石颗粒及碎屑会在较大压力的肾盂积液的冲刷下冲入膀胱内,重复多次上述操作直至碎石完全清除。碎石完成后,再换用8/9.8Fr输尿管肾镜监视,用取异物钳将单头同心圆状双J管近端钳住拉出。重新安置标准双J管即可。

Claims (3)

1.一种单头同心圆状双J管,包括两端开口的中空的聚氨酯导管,所述聚氨酯导管两个端头分别弯曲有一大一小的小弹性圈和大弹性圈,所述小弹性圈和所述大弹性圈在同一平面的对侧端,其特征在于:在所述小弹性圈和所述大弹性圈之间紧挨所述小弹性圈连接有阻挡圈,所述阻挡圈为所述小弹性圈外侧顺延的导管段从外向内绕曲形成数个同平面的同心圆螺旋状挡圈,所述导管段绕至最后一个所述螺旋状挡圈的中心时以顺弧形从所述螺旋状挡圈下方向所述小弹性圈平面对侧的延长线延伸连接到所述大弹性圈;数个所述螺旋状挡圈的圈与圈之间相贴;所述螺旋状挡圈的平面与所述小弹性圈和所述大弹性圈的平面垂直;当所述聚氨酯导管管腔中插入相应大小的直引导导丝时,其完全伸直,当抽出所述直引导导丝后即弹性恢复原状;所述大弹性圈定位在肾盂内,所述小弹性圈钩在输尿管结石上,所述螺旋状挡圈定位在结石上方输尿管内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单头同心圆状双J管,其特征在于:所述小弹性圈和所述大弹性圈的管壁上设置有弹性圈侧孔和刻度标志,所述大弹性圈周长为6厘米,所述小弹性圈周长为4厘米;所述阻挡圈的直径为1-2厘米;所述螺旋状挡圈后延伸至所述大弹性圈的管壁上设置有长度刻度标志和直管侧孔,两个所述直管侧孔之间相隔5厘米,且相邻两个所述直管侧孔不在同一平面。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的单头同心圆状双J管,其特征在于:所述聚氨酯导管的外圆周长为4Fr或5Fr。
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