CN107135023A - Three-dimensional training code book design method and beam alignment for millimeter-wave communication system - Google Patents
Three-dimensional training code book design method and beam alignment for millimeter-wave communication system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0632—Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of three-dimensional training code book design method and beam alignment for millimeter-wave communication system, wherein three-dimensional training code book design method comprises the following steps：1st, according to resolution ratio and beam spaceScope to set up depth be the three-dimensional training code book tree construction that S, degree are N；2nd, willIt is divided into N number of rectangular areaIt is designated as set There is beam setCorrespond to therewith；The root node of tree construction isWithCombination；3rd, b-th of node C of s layers is determineds,b, Cs,bForWith beam setCombination；Each node in 2 to S layers is determined successively4th, the beamforming vectors that each node correspondence beam set is included are solvedObtain three-dimensional training code book, wherein q=1 ..., N.The three-dimensional training code book of this method generation can be used for realizing high-precision wave beam alignment and channel estimation, and can significantly reduce the training expense of system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology field, and in particular to millimeter wave of the sending and receiving end antenna in uniform surface battle array arrangement
The three-dimensional training code book design method of one kind of communication system.
Background technology
With continuing to develop for wireless communication technology, high-speed data service and ubiquitous access demand just show
A kind of explosive growth.5G mobile communication technologies of future generation, to the demand of capacity, energy consumption and bandwidth by more and more higher.Work
In the millimetre-wave attenuator technology of 30-300GHz relative free frequency ranges, because of the bandwidth of a large amount of unauthorizeds included in its working frequency range
It is considered as one of key technology of WLAN of future generation and mobile communication, because directly spread spectrum bandwidth is for lifting
It is both simple and effective for power system capacity.There are some researches show millimetre-wave attenuator can realize 10Gbps hardware circuit solution.
However, compared to traditional microwave frequency range, millimeter wave transmission is faced with bigger path loss, thus communication distance with
Coverage is extremely limited.Fortunately the wavelength of millimeter-wave signal is extremely short, can encapsulate a large amount of antennas with reduced size, Jin Er great
Scale array antenna is combined with numerical model analysis beam forming technique, and its array gain provided and space division multiplexing gain can overcome the disadvantages that
The part decay of system, improves system transfer rate and transmission quality.In addition, it is preferably to obtain array gain, logical
Letter start when to transmitting-receiving wave beam carry out wave beam alignment it is also necessary, high-precision wave beam be aligned in set up reliable millimeter wave lead to
Key effect is played in terms of transmission data and expansion cell communication coverage needed for letter link, acquisition.Pass through estimation
Including relevant parameters such as angle of arrival (AoA), departure angle (AoD) and path gains, accurate wave beam alignment can also be used to improve
The channel estimating performance of millimeter-wave systems.
In actual millimeter-wave communication system, to realize that accurate wave beam alignment has certain difficulty.First, millimeter wave
The high frequency band of section means that channel may quickly change within a short period of time, and wave beam alignment is needed in extremely short channel coherency time
It is interior to complete, therefore the beam search algorithm of limit herein and do not apply to.Second, to make full use of the array of large-scale antenna array to increase
Benefit, training wave beam should be sufficiently narrow, and this can undoubtedly increase the complexity of wave beam alignment, therefore propose efficient wave beam codebook design
Method and beam search algorithm are necessary.To reduce the training expense of wave beam alignment, a kind of effective method is to use base
The tree search algorithm of code book is trained in layering multiresolution.Order training method code book is generally made up of the subcode book of different stage,
In high-level, the training wave beam of a small amount of low resolution is included in subcode book, predetermined angular range is covered；On low order layer, son
The training wave beam included in code book increases, and resolution ratio there has also been certain raising.
Although hierarchical search can significantly reduce the training expense of system, its performance, which is depended greatly on, to be made
Level trains code book.Research for level code book design method is a lot, but these researchs are concentrated mainly on uniformly
Linear array (ULA) structure, and the research to uniform planar array (UPA) structure is considerably less.To realize the three-dimensional of variable precision
Wave cover, and bigger beam forming gain is obtained, the present invention proposes a kind of suitable for the three of millimeter-wave communication system
Dimension training code book design method, the design problem for training wave beam is described as the optimization problem of beam pattern by this method, and is proposed
A kind of effective iterative algorithm solves this optimization problem.In the present invention, the overshoot and main secondary lobe of training beam pattern
Ripple suitably constrained, therefore each training wave beam has the amplitude response of relatively flat and ideal transition
Frequency band.The three-dimensional training code book that the present invention is designed, all the time can be in millimeter-wave communication system under Low SNR
Realize high-precision wave beam alignment and channel estimation.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：For problems of the prior art, it is used for millimeter-wave communication system the invention discloses one kind
Three-dimensional training code book design method, the three-dimensional training code book of this method generation can be used for realizing high-precision wave beam alignment and believes
Road is estimated, and can significantly reduce the training expense of system.
Technical scheme：One aspect of the present invention discloses a kind of three-dimensional training Codebook Design side for millimeter-wave communication system
Method, comprises the following steps：
(1) according to resolution ratio rs and beam spaceScope to set up depth be that the three-dimensional training code book tree that S, degree are N is tied
Structure；
If resolution ratio rs=ve×va, beam spaceWidth in e directions is We, the width in a directions is Wa, i.e.,For
We×WaRectangular area, the degree N=N of tree constructione×Na, depth S and degree N meet condition：And
Each node has N number of child node in 1 to S-1 layer in the three-dimensional training code book tree construction；
(2) by beam spaceN is carried out in e directionseDecile, N is carried out in a directionsaDecile, willIt is divided into N number of rectangle
RegionN=Ne×Na, it is designated as setEach rectangular areaThere are beamforming vectorsTherewith
Correspondence, i=1 ..., N, N number of beamforming vectors constitute beam setI.e.
The root node C of the three-dimensional training code book tree construction1,1Gather for rectangular areaWith beam setCombination
(3) b-th of node C of s layers of the three-dimensional training code book tree construction is determineds,b, Cs,bGather for rectangular area
With beam setCombination
WhereinWith s-1 layers of nodeWith following relation：
Wherein s=2 ..., S, b=1 ..., Ns-1,For the computing that rounds up, % is complementation；
It is rightN is carried out in e directionseDecile, N is carried out in a directionsaDecile, obtains N number of sub- rectangular areaPer height
Rectangular areaThere are beamforming vectorsCorrespond to therewith, i=1 ..., N, N number of beamforming vectors constitute beam setI.e.
Determine each node in 2 to S layers successively by above-mentioned steps
(4) beamforming vectors that each node is included in the three-dimensional training code book tree construction are solvedObtain three-dimensional
Train code book, wherein q=1 ..., N.
Preferably, the beamforming vectors that each node is included in the three-dimensional training code book tree constructionIn main lobe and side
Valve has amplitude response value that is constant but differing, i.e.,
Wherein ψ=(ψe,ψa)=(sin (θe),sin(θa)) it is pitching angle thetaeWith azimuth angle thetaaSine value combination,For the antenna-array response vector a in horizontal directionh(2π/λdhsin(θe)cos(θa)) with vertical direction on antenna
Array response vector av(2π/λdvsin(θa)) Kronecker products,It is beamforming vectorsAmplitude response value；
Wherein q=1 ..., N.
Preferably, beamforming vectors are solved in step (4)For solving-optimizing problem：
Wherein ε is the ripple of the training main secondary lobe of wave beam, is a minimum arithmetic number,It is main secondary lobe respectively
Corresponding region.
Preferably, it is rightWithCarry out sample variance and turn to discrete beam master, secondary lobe corresponding regionWithArea
Domain.
To avoid the generation of overshoot phenomenon after discrete sampling, constraints is introducedRipple is solved in step (4)
Beam shaping vectorFor solving-optimizing problem：
Wherein ε is the ripple of the training main secondary lobe of wave beam, is a minimum arithmetic number；EsFor constant, value is with s increasing
Reduce greatly；WithRespectively discrete beam master, secondary lobe corresponding region.
Preferably, by constraints slacking, using the concavo-convex process iterative algorithm solving-optimizing problem of constraint, step is such as
Under：
(6.1) iteration initial value f is determined0, build following constrained optimization problem：
Wherein Expression takes the real part of numerical value in bracket,Represent respectively discrete
The main secondary lobe corresponding region changed；
(6.2) optimization problem in iterative step (6.1), checks whether the r values that current iteration is obtained meet convergence
Standard, if meeting, the optimal solution f of current iterationnAs last solution f*；If it is not satisfied, according to the optimal solution f of current iterationn, then
Optimization problem in secondary solution procedure (6.1)；
(6.3) output last solution f*, the three-dimensional training wave beam needed for obtaining.
Preferably, initial value f in step (6.1)0Determined by solving following optimization problem：
Another aspect of the present invention discloses a kind of beam alignment, comprises the following steps：
(8.1) parameter configuration and initialization：Sending and receiving end is according to any of the above-described kind of three-dimensional training code book design method design three
Dimension training code book；
If designed three-dimensional training code book contains S training subcode bookS training rank is corresponded to respectively
Section；The degree of designed three-dimensional training code book tree construction is N；Beamforming vectorsIn subscript value be initialized as：S=1, bf
=1；
(8.2) transmitting terminal is continuously using the low resolution training beam vectors in first layer subcode bookTo pass
Defeated training signal z, and each training wave beam repetition training MsThe secondary received signal to noise ratio to increase system；
(8.3) receiving terminal is according to corresponding reception signalSelection is produced most
Height receives the beamforming vectors of energy, i.e.,
WhereinP is transmit power, and h is channel matrix, hHFor h associate matrix,For additive Gaussian noise；
Receiving terminal is by index value q*Feed back to transmitting terminal, thus, transmitting terminal according toAnd its corresponding rectangular area
Primarily determine that the corresponding departure angle AoD regions of most high-amplitude wave beam；
(8.4) transmitting terminal is according to index value q*, select one group to have compared with high score in next straton code book of three-dimensional code book
The beam forming vector of resolutionQ=1 ..., N, to transmit training signal, so as to further more accurately determine AoD institutes
In region；
Wherein bf+1=bf*N-N+q*；
(8.5) repeat step (8.3)~(8.4), the beamforming vectors of highest resolution requirement are met until finding,
The vectorial corresponding rectangular domain is AoD regions.
Beneficial effect：What the present invention was provided is applied to the three-dimensional training code book design method of millimeter-wave communication system, can use
In realizing high-precision wave beam alignment and channel estimation, its advantage is：
(1) existing research is in the millimeter-wave systems of ULA arrangements mainly for antenna, and the present invention has taken into full account UPA knots
Structure, compensate for the deficiency of existing research.More transmission antennas can be configured under UPA structures, in limited two-dimensional space, because
This, which can be detected, intercepts wider array of geographic area, realizes the three-dimensional wave cover of variable precision, and obtain bigger wave beam into
Shape gain.
(2) present invention is handled the overshoot phenomenon that may occur on non-sampled point in training beam pattern, simultaneously
Also the ripple of main secondary lobe is suitably constrained, thus each training wave beam have relatively flat amplitude response and
Ideal transition band, is conducive to improving wave beam alignment precision.
(3) the three-dimensional training code book that the present invention is generated is applied to the wave beam alignment algorithm based on tree search algorithm, can be significantly
The training expense of reduction system, and can be realized in the millimeter-wave communication system based on UPA structures the alignment of high-precision wave beam and
Channel estimating performance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of uniform planar array (UPA)；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the three-dimensional training code book generated in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is that main sidelobe magnitudes fluctuate schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is generate 4 training beam vectors in embodimentAmplitude response figure；
Fig. 5 is the training beam pattern under two kinds of Codebook Design methods (BPSA, LSA)；
Fig. 6 is used for ripple after being generated for the particular flow sheet and code book of three-dimensional training code book design method proposed by the present invention
Shu Xunlian flow chart；
Fig. 7 is under two kinds of Codebook Design methods (BPSA, LSA), average wave beam alignment error rate becomes with the change of signal to noise ratio
Gesture figure.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the present invention is furture elucidated.
As shown in figure 1, three-dimensional training code book design method disclosed by the invention is applied to antenna in uniform surface battle array arrangement
Millimeter-wave systems, by taking transmitting terminal as an example, N in figureh、NvThe antenna number on horizontally and vertically, therefore total hair are represented respectively
Penetrate antenna number NT=NhNv, dhAnd dvSpacing respectively between horizontal direction, vertically adjacent two antennas.
Beam spaceFor a rectangular area, if e directions are vertical both direction with a directions,Width in e directions
Spend for We, the width in a directions is Wa, i.e.,For We×WaRectangular area.
The present embodiment considers millimeter-wave communication system of the transmitting terminal antenna in uniform surface battle array arrangement, wherein Nh=Nv=32, phase
Spacing d between adjacent two antennash=dv=3 λ/8, λ are the wavelength of millimeter-wave signal.For the sake of simplicity it is assumed that receiving terminal is only matched somebody with somebody
Have single antenna.Although it should be noted that this example is only designed as example, this side with the three-dimensional training code book of transmitting terminal
Method is equally applicable to the Codebook Design of receiving terminal.
A kind of three-dimensional training code book design method for millimeter-wave communication system, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, according to resolution ratio rs and beam spaceScope to set up depth be the three-dimensional training code book tree that S, degree are N
Structure；
If resolution ratio rs=ve×va；If the pitching angle theta of launching beame, azimuth angle thetaaIt is located at angular range respectivelyWithin, and the angle of pitch is independent uncorrelated to azimuth
Variable, can be represented, then beam space in the present embodiment with vertical both direction e directions with the variable in a directionsIt can determine
Justice is sin (θe)、sin(θa) correspondence scope product, i.e., It is in (sin (θe),sin(θa)) plane is a rectangular domain, i.e. We=2sin
(Θe), Wa=2sin (Θa)。
The degree N=N of three-dimensional training code book tree constructione×Na, depth S and degree N meet condition：AndI.e.
By beam spaceIt is divided into NSBehind individual small rectangular area, each small rectangular area is less than equal to resolution ratio.
Each node has N number of child node in 1 to S-1 layer in the three-dimensional training code book tree construction；
Step 2, by beam spaceN is carried out in e directionseDecile, N is carried out in a directionsaDecile, willIt is divided into N number of
Rectangular areaN=Ne×Na, it is designated as setEach rectangular areaThere are beamforming vectors
Correspond to therewith, i=1 ..., N, N number of beamforming vectors constitute beam setI.e.
The root node C of the three-dimensional training code book tree construction1,1Gather for rectangular areaWith beam setCombination
(3) b-th of node C of s layers of the three-dimensional training code book tree construction is determineds,b, Cs,bGather for rectangular area
With beam setCombination
WhereinWith s-1 layers of nodeWith following relation：
Wherein s=2 ..., S, b=1 ..., Ns-1,For the computing that rounds up, % is complementation；
It is rightN is carried out in e directionseDecile, N is carried out in a directionsaDecile, obtains N number of sub- rectangular areaPer height
Rectangular areaThere are beamforming vectorsCorrespond to therewith, i=1 ..., N, N number of beamforming vectors constitute beam setI.e.AndWithCorrespondence；
Determine each node in 2 to S layers successively by above-mentioned steps
(4) beamforming vectors that each node is included in the three-dimensional training code book tree construction are solvedObtain three-dimensional
Train code book, wherein q=1 ..., N.
The tree construction of three-dimensional training code book (CodeBook) has S layers, and each layer is a sub- code book (Sub-CodeBook),
One training stage of correspondence；S layers of subcode book has Ns-1Individual node, each node includes N number of code word (CodeWord), each
Node is by beam setAnd its corresponding rectangular areaCarry out table
Show；And its corresponding rectangular areaCombinationFor a code word.
As shown in Fig. 2 the three-dimensional training code book generated in the present embodiment is a quad-tree structure, i.e., three-dimensional training code book
The degree N=N of tree constructione×Na=2 × 2.It is made up of the S sub- code books of S training stage of correspondence；For s-th of training stage
Subcode bookIn, altogether comprising 4sThe individual beamforming vectors with identical main lobe width, and these vectors constitute 4s-1Individual ripple
Constriction is closedWherein b-th setInclude beamforming vectorsB=1 ..., 4s -1；Subcode bookIn beamforming vectors number be last layer subcode book4 times of middle training wave beam number.In s-th of instruction
Practice the stage, beam space is divided into 4s-1The rectangular domain of individual formed objectsWherein b-th rectangular domain
With beam setCorrelation, andWhile beamforming vectors
Respectively withCorrespond；In next training stage, rectangular domainIt is divided into 4 smaller again
Subregion, j ∈ { LL, LR, RL, RR }, i.e.,
To improve the wave beam alignment performance of millimetre-wave attenuator, designed beamforming vectorsQ=1 ..., N, respectively
There is amplitude response value that is constant but differing on main lobe and secondary lobe, i.e.,：
Wherein ψ=(ψe,ψa)=(sin (θe),sin(θa)) it is pitching angle thetaeWith azimuth angle thetaaSine value combination,For the antenna-array response vector a in horizontal direction, vertical directionh(2π/λdhsin(θe)cos(θa)) and av(2π/λ
dvsin(θa)) Kronecker products, dhAnd dvBetween respectively between horizontal direction, vertically adjacent two antennas
Away from, λ is the wavelength of millimeter-wave signal,It is beam vectorsAmplitude response value.
If the ripple ε of the training main secondary lobe of wave beam is strictly limited as 0, it is difficult to the design for successfully realizing three-dimensional code book, is
This infeasibility is avoided, while to ensure high-precision wave beam alignment performance, as shown in figure 3, the master of beam pattern can be allowed
There is fluctuation within a narrow range in secondary lobe, while in the case where ripple ε value is fixed, the amplitude response value of main lobe should be as big as possible, because
The design of this training wave beam can be expressed as optimization problem：
Wherein ε is a minimum arithmetic number,Respectively based on, secondary lobe corresponding region,For rectangular areaIt is interior,ForOutside.Due toIt is continuous noncountable, it is therefore necessary to which that the main secondary lobe corresponding region of wave beam is adopted
Sample or discretization；Again due to sampled point limited amount, overshoot phenomenon is there may be in unsampled region, to avoid discrete sampling
The generation of overshoot phenomenon afterwards, introduces constraints | | f | |≤Es, EsValue reduce with s increase, | | | | to ask
2 norms of vector, i.e. optimization problem is：
The present embodiment is using following limited scatter channel model：
Wherein L is total number of channels, αlIt is the complex gain of l paths, β is average path loss, It is antenna-array response vector, and ab(b ∈ { h, v }) has
Following form： Accorded with for Kronecker product calculations.
With the beamforming vectors in a training code word in three-dimensional training code bookExemplified by, the code word is in discrete wave
Beam regionAmplitude response value it is larger, in other regionsAmplitude response it is minimum, the design of the training wave beam is asked
Topic is a non-convex optimization problem, is solved difficult.By the way that by part non-convex constraints slacking, the non-convex optimization problem can quilt
Convex optimization problem is converted into, and is solved using concavo-convex process (CCCP) iterative algorithm of constraint.If fnRepresent that nth iteration is obtained
Optimal solution, then next iteration optimal solution fn+1It can be obtained by solving following problem：
Wherein Expression takes the real part of numerical value in bracket,Represent respectively discrete
The main secondary lobe corresponding region changed.
There is considerable influence to CCCP convergence of algorithm performances due to initializing, to obtain a good initial value, can ask
Solve following optimization problem：
This problem is a Second-order cone programming problem (SOCP), can be asked by the CVX tool boxes in MATLAB emulation platforms
Solution.
Obtaining good initial value f0Afterwards, the three-dimensional training beam designing method based on CCCP algorithms specifically include as
Lower step：
(6.1) build and solve following constrained optimization problem：
Wherein Expression takes the real part of numerical value in bracket,Represent respectively discrete
The main secondary lobe corresponding region changed；
(6.2) optimization problem in iterative step (6.1), checks whether the r values that current iteration is obtained meet convergence
Standard, if meeting, the optimal solution f of current iterationnAs last solution f*；If it is not satisfied, according to the optimal solution f of current iterationn, then
Optimization problem in secondary solution procedure (6.1)；
(6.3) output last solution f*, the three-dimensional training wave beam needed for obtaining.
Fig. 4 gives 4 of the design method generation using the present invention by taking the first layer subcode book in three-dimensional code book as an example
Train code wordAmplitude response figure.It can be found that the beam pattern of these code words all has relatively flat
Amplitude response and ideal transition band, and there is no overshoot phenomenon on non-sampled point yet.Fig. 5 also incite somebody to action this
Invent compared with the beam designing method based on least square (LS), wherein BPSA represents that three-dimensional code book proposed by the present invention is set
Calculating method, LSA represents least square beam designing algorithm.It can be seen that the side of the training wave beam generated using LS methods
Valve has relatively large fluctuation, in addition, the width of its intermediate zone is also larger, this further embodies three-dimensional instruction proposed by the present invention
Practice the superiority of Codebook Design method.
The three-dimensional training code book that the present invention is generated can be used for realizing the wave beam alignment based on tree search algorithm, detect single footpath
The most high-amplitude wave beam of millimeter wave channel, it can also be used to estimate the relevant parameter of millimetre-wave attenuator channel, such as departure angle (AoD) and arrival
Angle (AoA), specifically includes following steps：
(8.1) parameter configuration and initialization：Design three-dimensional according to the method any one of claim 1-7 in sending and receiving end
Train code book；
If designed three-dimensional S layers of code book tree construction of training, i.e., containing S training subcode bookRespectively
The S training stage of correspondence；The degree of designed three-dimensional training code book tree construction is N；Beamforming vectorsIn subscript value at the beginning of
Beginning turns to：S=1, bf=1；
(8.2) transmitting terminal is continuously using the low resolution training beam vectors in first layer subcode bookTo pass
Defeated training signal z, and each training wave beam repetition training MsThe secondary received signal to noise ratio to increase system；
(8.3) receiving terminal is according to corresponding reception signalSelection is produced most
Height receives the beamforming vectors of energy, i.e.,
WhereinP is transmit power, and h is channel matrix, hHFor h associate matrix,For additive Gaussian noise；
Receiving terminal is by index value q*Feed back to transmitting terminal, thus, transmitting terminal according toAnd its corresponding rectangular area
Primarily determine that the corresponding departure angle AoD regions of most high-amplitude wave beam；
(8.4) transmitting terminal is according to index value q*, select one group to have compared with high score in next straton code book of three-dimensional code book
The beam forming vector of resolutionQ=1 ..., N, to transmit training signal, so as to further more accurately determine AoD institutes
In region；
Wherein bf+1=bf*N-N+q*；
For the quad-tree structure in the present embodiment, bfRenewal follow following principle：
If a) q*=LL, then bf+1=4bf-3；
If b) q*=LR, then bf+1=4bf-2；
If c) q*=RL, then bf+1=4bf-1；
If d) q*=RR, then bf+1=4bf；
(8.5) repeat step (8.3)~(8.4), the beamforming vectors of highest resolution requirement are met until finding,
The vectorial corresponding rectangular domain is AoD regions.
Fig. 6 gives the idiographic flow of three-dimensional training code book design method (BPSA) proposed by the present invention, in addition, figure
6 also give the detailed process trained after code book generation for wave beam.As shown in fig. 7, the figure shows believe when millimetre-wave attenuator
The path gain in road is fixed as in the case of 1, and the code book generated using LS methods and the inventive method carries out wave beam training, produces
Average wave beam alignment error probability (BAER) with signal to noise ratio (SNR) variation tendency.It can be seen that the inventive method
The code book performance of generation is substantially better than LSA code books, can realize more accurate wave beam alignment and channel estimating performance.With SNR
Increase, the corresponding BAER of two kinds of code books reduces therewith, but the corresponding error probability decay of BPSA code books is obvious, and LSA code books
Corresponding error probability decay is slow.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of three-dimensional training code book design method for millimeter-wave communication system, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) according to resolution ratio rs and beam spaceScope to set up depth be the three-dimensional training code book tree construction that S, degree are N；
If resolution ratio rs=ve×va, beam spaceWidth in e directions is We, the width in a directions is Wa, i.e.,For We×
WaRectangular area, the degree N=N of tree constructione×Na, depth S and degree N meet condition：And
Each node has N number of child node in 1 to S-1 layer in the three-dimensional training code book tree construction；
(2) by beam spaceN is carried out in e directionseDecile, N is carried out in a directionsaDecile, willIt is divided into N number of rectangular areaN=Ne×Na, it is designated as setEach rectangular areaThere are beamforming vectorsIt is right therewith
Should, i=1 ..., N, N number of beamforming vectors constitute beam setI.e.
The root node C of the three-dimensional training code book tree construction1,1Gather for rectangular areaWith beam setCombination
(3) b-th of node C of s layers of the three-dimensional training code book tree construction is determineds,b, Cs,bGather for rectangular areaWith ripple
Constriction is closedCombination
WhereinWith s-1 layers of nodeWith following relation：
Wherein s=2 ..., S, b=1 ..., Ns-1,For the computing that rounds up, % is complementation；
It is rightN is carried out in e directionseDecile, N is carried out in a directionsaDecile, obtains N number of sub- rectangular areaEvery sub- rectangle
RegionThere are beamforming vectorsCorrespond to therewith, i=1 ..., N, N number of beamforming vectors constitute beam setI.e.
Determine each node in 2 to S layers successively by above-mentioned steps
(4) beamforming vectors that each node is included in the three-dimensional training code book tree construction are solvedObtain three-dimensional training
Code book, wherein q=1 ..., N.
2. the three-dimensional training code book design method according to claim 1 for millimeter-wave communication system, it is characterised in that
The beamforming vectors that each node is included in the three-dimensional training code book tree constructionHave in main lobe and secondary lobe constant but not
Identical amplitude response value, i.e.,
Wherein ψ=(ψe,ψa)=(sin (θe),sin(θa)) it is pitching angle thetaeWith azimuth angle thetaaSine value combination,For
Antenna-array response vector a in horizontal directionh(2π/λdh sin(θe)cos(θa)) rung with the aerial array in vertical direction
Answer vector av(2π/λdv sin(θa)) Kronecker products,It is beamforming vectorsAmplitude response value；Wherein q
=1 ..., N.
3. the three-dimensional training code book design method according to claim 2 for millimeter-wave communication system, it is characterised in that
Beamforming vectors are solved in step (4)For solving-optimizing problem：
Wherein ε is the ripple of the training main secondary lobe of wave beam, is a minimum arithmetic number,It is main secondary lobe correspondence area respectively
Domain.
4. the three-dimensional training code book design method according to claim 3 for millimeter-wave communication system, it is characterised in that
It is rightWithCarry out sample variance and turn to discrete beam master, secondary lobe corresponding regionWithRegion.
5. the three-dimensional training code book design method according to claim 4 for millimeter-wave communication system, it is characterised in that
Beamforming vectors are solved in step (4)For solving-optimizing problem：
Wherein ε is the ripple of the training main secondary lobe of wave beam, is a minimum arithmetic number；EsFor constant, value is with s increase
Reduce；WithRespectively discrete beam master, secondary lobe corresponding region.
6. the three-dimensional training code book design method according to claim 5 for millimeter-wave communication system, it is characterised in that
By constraints slacking, using the concavo-convex process iterative algorithm solving-optimizing problem of constraint, step is as follows：
(6.1) iteration initial value f is determined0, build following constrained optimization problem：
Wherein Expression takes the real part of numerical value in bracket,Discretization is represented respectively
Main secondary lobe corresponding region；
(6.2) optimization problem in iterative step (6.1), checks whether the r values that current iteration is obtained meet convergence,
If meeting, the optimal solution f of current iterationnAs last solution f★；If it is not satisfied, according to the optimal solution f of current iterationn, solve again
Optimization problem in step (6.1)；
(6.3) output last solution f★, the three-dimensional training wave beam needed for obtaining.
7. the three-dimensional training code book design method according to claim 6 for millimeter-wave communication system, it is characterised in that
Initial value f in step (6.1)0Determined by solving following optimization problem：
8. a kind of beam alignment, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(8.1) parameter configuration and initialization：Sending and receiving end is according to the three-dimensional training of method design any one of claim 1-7
Code book；
If designed three-dimensional training code book contains S training subcode bookS training stage is corresponded to respectively；
The degree of designed three-dimensional training code book tree construction is N；Beamforming vectorsIn subscript value be initialized as：S=1, bf=
1；
(8.2) transmitting terminal is continuously using the low resolution training beam vectors in first layer subcode bookTo transmit instruction
Practice signal z, and each training wave beam repetition training MsThe secondary received signal to noise ratio to increase system；
(8.3) receiving terminal is according to corresponding reception signalSelection produces highest and connect
The beamforming vectors of energy are received, i.e.,
WhereinP is transmit power, and h is channel matrix, hHFor h associate matrix,For additive Gaussian noise；
Receiving terminal is by index value q★Feed back to transmitting terminal, thus, transmitting terminal according toAnd its corresponding rectangular areaTentatively
It is determined that the corresponding departure angle AoD regions of most high-amplitude wave beam；
(8.4) transmitting terminal is according to index value q★, in next straton code book of three-dimensional code book selecting one group has high-resolution
Beam forming vectorTo transmit training signal, so as to further more accurately determine AoD locations
Domain；
Wherein bf+1=bf*N-N+q★；
(8.5) repeat step (8.3)~(8.4), the beamforming vectors of highest resolution requirement are met until finding, this to
It is AoD regions to measure corresponding rectangular domain.
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