CN107134866A - Double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor - Google Patents

Double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107134866A
CN107134866A CN201710269340.8A CN201710269340A CN107134866A CN 107134866 A CN107134866 A CN 107134866A CN 201710269340 A CN201710269340 A CN 201710269340A CN 107134866 A CN107134866 A CN 107134866A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
winding
stator
permanent magnet
rotor
motor
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Pending
Application number
CN201710269340.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
修杰
王世宇
修妍
邢静玥
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Priority to CN201710269340.8A priority Critical patent/CN107134866A/en
Publication of CN107134866A publication Critical patent/CN107134866A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H02K1/148Sectional cores
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28Layout of windings or of connections between windings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor, including stator, rotor and winding, stator and rotor are double-salient-pole structure, and with axial symmetry, stator and rotor iron core is formed by silicon steel plate stacking;Stator core is made up of 6 U-shaped laminations, and one piece of tangential permanent magnet alternately magnetized is embedded between the U-shaped lamination of each two, a stator tooth is collectively constituted;Winding is centralized winding and installed on the stator teeth that the end of winding is smaller;Winding is divided into two sets, wherein, coil head and the tail sequential concatenation of a set of winding on two relative stator tooths of space, which connects together, constitutes a phase, so as to form three-phase direct torque winding;Coil inverted sequence concatenation of the other set winding on two relative stator tooths of space, which connects together, constitutes a phase, so as to form suspending power controling winding;The polarity of the sides adjacent of adjacent permanent magnet is identical.With high speed, high-power, high efficiency, high power density, operation stability are high, reliability is high the characteristics of.

Description

Double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor
Technical field
The invention belongs to high speed bearing-free motor technical field, it is related to a kind of stator permanent-magnet double winding bearing-free magnetic flux and cuts Change magneto.
Background technology
It is used widely at a high speed, uses in the equipment such as high-speed machine tool, turbomolecular pump, high speed flywheel with super high speed motor When mechanical bearing is supported, the frictional resistance increase brought by rotor high-speed cruising aggravates bearing wear, causes motor gas-gap not , heating in winding, not only reduces motor working efficiency, shortens the service life of motor and bearing, also increases to motor and axle Hold the burden of maintenance.
The proposition of magnetic axis bearing motor solves the wear problem of mechanical bearing, but magnetic bearing occupies independent axial space, So that the axial utilization rate of magnetic axis bearing motor is relatively low, and magnetic axis bearing structure and motor stator structure have certain similitude, such as Suspending windings lap wound in magnetic bearing in motor stator winding, is made two kinds of magnetic field integrators, and can control electricity simultaneously by fruit The suspension and rotation of machine rotor are ideal, and bearing-free motor is based on this imagination and proposed.Two sets in motor The magnetic field interaction of winding generates the radial load acted on rotor, can be realized by the radial load in controlled motor The suspension of rotor.Compared with traditional magnetic axis bearing motor, the motor has produces turning moment and the function of radial suspension force simultaneously.
Existing high speed bearing-free motor mainly has induction-type bearingless motor, bearing-free permanent magnet synchronous motor, bearing-free switch Reluctance motor etc..The wherein power factor of induction-type bearingless motor and less efficient, the efficiency of bearing-free permanent magnet synchronous motor and Power factor is high, but it is rotor permanent magnet formula motor, the problem of high speed rotating band of rotor carrys out structural instability and exists because tightly Be fixedly mounted with put cause at a high temperature of permanent magnet the problem of demagnetize.Bearing-free switch reluctance motor has simple in construction, suitable fortune at a high speed The advantages of turning.But it needs main winding to provide bias magnetic field to ensure the suspension of rotor.Which increase the loss of motor, reduce Its efficiency.Meanwhile, the working method that its half period is powered reduces the utilization rate of winding and the power density of motor.
The structure of double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor is similar with switched reluctance machines, but in the centre of stator tooth Install high-performance permanent magnet magnet additional, to set up the air-gap field needed for work, this magnetic field can provide torque simultaneously and produce suspension The need for power.Air gap main field is set up without main winding current, main winding current is reduced, the damage of motor is reduced Consumption, improves the whole efficiency of motor.Stator tooth extremely on be wound with double-deck concentratred winding, each tooth extremely on winding individually control System rather than connection in series-parallel, so by passing to different electric currents to different windings so that different teeth extremely under air gap flux density And the radial direction magnetic pull of different directions is produced, the radial suspension force of any direction can be obtained after synthesis, so as to realize rotor Continuous-stable suspends.Meanwhile, winding current interacts with permanent magnet flux linkage and produces the rotation of electromagnetic torque drive rotor.
Double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor has the advantages that following prominent:1) by stator core teeth portion Between install permanent magnet additional, the permanent magnet of adjacent teeth pole is magnetism-collected structure, and the air gap flux density of generation is very high, and motor is greatly improved Efficiency and power density;2) air gap flux density is very high, and same current can produce bigger torque and radial suspension force, improves motor Load capacity;3) permanent magnet flux linkage, counter electromotive force and winding current, can be in magnetic flux-magnetic potential planes close to double polarity sine waveform Realize that energy is changed in four quadrants of coordinate system, energy index is high, power density is big;4) possesses certain fault-tolerant operation energy Power;5) permanent magnet is placed in stator, firm in structure, is easy to radiating, and the hidden danger that no permanent magnet comes off improves the steady of high speed operation of motor Qualitative and reliability;6) rotor is the totality only made by silicon steel sheet, brushless, no winding, no permanent magnet, with simple structure And it is firm, it is adapted to operate with ultrahigh speed at a high speed.The adaptability that runs at high speed of this motor is extremely strong.
The content of the invention
For prior art, the present invention provides a kind of novel high speed, high-power, high efficiency, high power density, stable Property the high stator permanent-magnet bearing-free motor of high, reliability.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor, including Stator, rotor and winding, the stator and rotor are double-salient-pole structure, and with axial symmetry, stator core and rotor iron The heart is formed by silicon steel plate stacking;The stator core is made up of 6 U-shaped laminations, and being embedded with one piece between the U-shaped lamination of each two cuts The permanent magnet magnetized to alternating, collectively constitutes a stator tooth;The winding is centralized winding and is arranged on the stator tooth On, the end of winding is smaller;The winding is divided into two sets, wherein, line of a set of winding on two relative stator tooths of space Circle head and the tail sequential concatenation, which connects together, constitutes a phase, so as to form three-phase direct torque winding;Other set winding is by space Coil inverted sequence concatenation on two relative stator tooths, which connects together, constitutes a phase, eliminates the induced electromotive force in two coils, So as to form suspending power controling winding;The polarity of the sides adjacent of adjacent permanent magnet is identical;It is permanent magnet flux linkage in the winding, anti- Electromotive force and electric current are close to double polarity sine wave mode.
In the present invention, the permanent magnet is positioned over the yoke portion of the stator core, forms stator permanent-magnet motor.
Compared with prior art, motor of the present invention can realize the stability of high-power and high speed, ultrahigh speed rotation and operation It is very high with reliability, meanwhile, also with very high system effectiveness and power density.Main feature is as follows:
1) permanent magnet is placed in stator, the problem of permanent magnet comes off when being rotated at a high speed in the absence of rotor permanent magnet formula motor.Improve The structural stability and reliability of high speed operation of motor.
2) permanent magnet is placed in stator, is easy to radiating, it is to avoid the high temperature degaussing of permanent magnet, improves the stabilization of motor operation Property and reliability.
3) air-gap field is mainly set up by permanent magnet, is eliminated the excitation component in winding current, is reduced excitation loss, System effectiveness is improved, temperature rise is reduced, it is to avoid the high temperature degaussing of permanent magnet, the reliability of motor operation is improved.
4) permanent magnet can produce very high air gap flux density, and effective torque can be produced in the whole district of permanent magnet flux linkage, improve The utilization rate of winding, these all effectively increase the power density of system.
5) permanent magnet flux linkage, counter electromotive force and electric current in winding is adapted to alternating current generator side close to bipolarity flat-top wave mode Formula drives, and can realize that energy is changed in four quadrants of magnetic flux-magnetic potential plane coordinate system, energy index is high, power density is big.
6) because air gap flux density is high so that torque and radial load produced by under same current are increased, and are effectively improved The load capacity of motor.
7) winding is concentratred winding, and end is short, can reduce winding copper loss, improves the efficiency of motor.
8) without permanent magnet, without winding, brushless, with simple structure on rotor.Meanwhile, it is silicon steel plate stacking One entirety, it is simple in construction and firm, it is very suitable for rotating with ultrahigh speed at a high speed, the limit speed of motor can be improved, work(is improved Rate density.
9) by using the short magnetic circuit structural for turning on adjacent phase, it is to avoid suspension magnetic flux is through magnetic resistance very big permanent magnetism Body, reduces excitation loss, and avoid the demagnetization of permanent magnet.
10) the short magnetic circuit suspension magnetic excitation circuit structure proposed can be realized to air gap with the suspension Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection electric current of very little The control of resultant flux size, completes the control to rotor radial position, so as to realize that double winding bearing-free magnetic flux switches permanent magnetism The stable suspersion operating of motor.
11) the radial rotor magnetic suspension support structure of bearing-free, can eliminate the mechanical friction loss of bearing, without lubrication, Lifetime of system is long, and high speed, the ultrahigh speed operating of flux switch permanent magnet motor can be achieved.
12) axial length of this motor is short, and critical speed is high, can be achieved high-power and runs at high speed.
13) electric machine structure is simple, reliability is high, control is flexible, dynamic response is fast, good speed adjustment features, torque/electric current ratio Greatly;
14) it can be achieved the torque-speed characteristic of various particular/special requirements, efficiency high, power factor is close to 1;
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor basic structure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the back emf waveform that finite element analysis is obtained;
Fig. 3 is power inverter schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the change curve of winding counter electromotive force and electric current in a rotor cycle;
Fig. 5 is that radial suspension force produces schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, described is specific Only the present invention is explained for embodiment, is not intended to limit the invention.
The present invention mentality of designing be:The good characteristic of composite magnetic flux switch permanent magnet motor and magnetic axis bearing motor, by adopting Air gap main field is set up with permanent magnet, higher air gap flux density can be produced, this air-gap flux is that can be used to produce torque Suspending power can be provided again, it is to avoid need main winding current to set up air gap bias magnetic field, reduce main winding current, reduce The loss of motor, improves the whole efficiency and power density of motor, reduces temperature rise, improves the stability of motor operation and reliable Property.Its permanent magnet is positioned over the yoke portion of stator core, is stator permanent-magnet motor, and permanent magnet gets rid of what is fallen when being rotated in the absence of high speed Problem, substantially increases the stability and reliability during high speed operation of motor.Meanwhile, permanent magnet is placed in stator, is easy to permanent magnet Radiating.Permanent magnet flux linkage, counter electromotive force and electric current in winding is adapted to alternating current generator mode and driven close to double polarity sine wave mode It is dynamic, it can realize that energy is changed in four quadrants of magnetic flux-magnetic potential plane coordinate system, energy index is high, power density is big.Its turn It is simple in construction firm without winding, without permanent magnet, brushless on a sub entirety for silicon steel plate stacking, rotor, fit very much Close and rotated with ultrahigh speed at a high speed, the limit speed of motor can be improved.
The present invention proposes double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor, its basic structure as shown in figure 1, mainly including The parts such as stator, rotor and winding.The stator and rotor are double-salient-pole structure, and with axial symmetry, stator core 30 Formed with rotor core 50 by silicon steel plate stacking.Its rotor is similar with switched reluctance machines, thereon without winding, without permanent magnet, Easily manufactured, cost is relatively low and firm suitable high speed rotation simple in construction.The stator core 30 is made up of 6 U-shaped laminations, often One piece of tangential permanent magnet 40 alternately magnetized is embedded between two U-shaped laminations, a stator tooth is collectively constituted;In the present invention, institute State permanent magnet 40 and be positioned over the yoke portion of the stator core 30, so as to form stator permanent-magnet motor.The winding is concentration Formula winding is simultaneously arranged on the stator tooth, and the end of winding is smaller, and saving copper consumption simultaneously reduces copper loss.
The difference of motor of the present invention and common magnetic flux switch permanent magnet motor be its each stator tooth extremely on winding be two Set, double winding is respectively intended to control torque and radial suspension force.I.e. described winding is divided into two sets, wherein, it is a set of around group echo For UVW, the coil head and the tail sequential concatenation on two relative stator tooths of space, which connects together, constitutes a phase, so as to form three Phase direct torque winding, i.e., in the present invention, direct torque winding is then common three-phase symmetric winding.Other set is around group echo For ABC, the coil inverted sequence concatenation on two relative stator tooths of space, which connects together, constitutes a phase, can so eliminate two coils In induced electromotive force, its constitute suspending power controling winding.
In the present invention, permanent magnet 40 has been moved to stator from rotor, and uses tangentially mounted form, the phase of adjacent permanent magnet 40 The polarity of adjacent side is identical, and this installation form takes full advantage of the poly- magnetic effect of permanent magnet, improves air gap flux density, and it is fixed to reduce Son fluting space and the consumption of permanent magnet, reduce the cost of motor.In addition, the structure that permanent magnet 40 is placed in stator can produce height Reluctance magnetic path, this causes armature-reaction magnetic flux to be restricted when by permanent magnet.And armature winding magnetic field and permanent-magnet magnetic Effect be parallel relationship, it essentially eliminates influence of the armature-reaction to Operating Point of Permanent Magnet, it is to avoid permanent magnet is not Reversible demagnetization so that the armature supply and load capacity of motor can be very high.
The operation logic of double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor of the present invention is as follows:
Using flux switch permanent magnet motor structure and the similitude of magnetic axis bearing structure, controlled using Power Electronic Technique and numeral Technology processed, by the voltage and current in independent control direct torque winding and suspending power controling winding after decoupling, realizes rotation Turn and suspension function is in one.
The back emf waveform of this motor obtained using finite element analysis as shown in Fig. 2 its approximate trapezoid ripple without It is sine wave, so using the control mode of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine, its electromagnetic torque produces principle and is conducted 3 with common 2 The permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine of the state of phase 6 is identical, can so reduce torque pulsation, improves power output, simplify control.And footpath It is then similar to magnetic bearing suspension theory to power generation principle, i.e., by the electric current in independent control suspending power controling winding, there is mesh Ground change the distribution of the main air-gap field produced by permanent magnet and intensity in original motor so that control action is on rotor The size and Orientation of Maxwell force is to realize rotor suspension.
The cooperation of power inverter is also needed during double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor operation of the present invention, according to rotor Position, to corresponding stator winding electrifying, it is 6 phase full bridge structures that suspending windings, which are controlled with power inverter,.The knot of power inverter Structure is as shown in Figure 3.The power tube of its each bridge arm uses Power-MOSFET.
Below by taking the pole structure double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor of three-phase 6/4 as an example, illustrate its torque and radial direction Suspending power produces principle.
Torque produces principle:Stator tooth pole center line is alignd as 0 ° of position of rotor using rotor tooth pole center line.Turn at one In sub- pole span (90 ° of mechanical angle-correspondences, 360 ° of electrical angles), stator winding magnetic flux, counter electromotive force, curent change a cycle, because Electric machine structure feature, its counter electromotive force approximate trapezoid ripple rather than sinusoidal waveform, it is adaptable to the control of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine Mode.Therefore the square wave current with counter electromotive force same-phase is passed through, stable torque can be produced.This control mode also simplify control Algorithm processed.Meanwhile, because the winding magnetic linkage of this motor is ambipolar, so with higher torque output capability.Its A phase around The change waveform of counter electromotive force and electric current of the group in a rotor cycle is as shown in Figure 4.The counter electromotive force and current wave of B, C phase Shape and A are similar but phase differs 120 ° and 240 ° of electrical angles respectively.
Radial suspension force produces principle:By taking the energization of suspending power controling winding two-phase as an example, basic air-gap field is main by forever Magnet is set up, when being passed through the electric current in direction as shown in Figure 5 in A phase windings, the close increase of magnetic at air gap 1 and at air gap 2 Magnetic is close to be reduced, and not the causing not etc. of rotor tooth 1-1 ' both sides air gap flux density is produced along tooth pole center line Fr1The radial load in direction.Similarly, When being passed through electric current as depicted in B phase windings, it can also be produced on rotor tooth 2-2 ' along tooth pole center line Fr2The footpath in direction Xiang Li.Because in this rotor-position, rotor tooth pole is not relative with C phase windings, and the air gap under C phase windings is very big, C phase windings, which are powered, to be produced Raw suspending power very little, so when C phase winding no powers.
By controlling the size and Orientation of electric current in two suspending power controling windings of A, B to produce required any direction The suspension of rotor is realized with the controllable radial power of size.With the suspending power controling winding of the in good time switched conductive of rotation of rotor, just Continuous radial suspension force can effectively be produced.
Although above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, invention has been described, and the invention is not limited in above-mentioned specific implementation Mode, above-mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restricted, and one of ordinary skill in the art is at this Under the enlightenment of invention, without deviating from the spirit of the invention, many variations can also be made, these belong to the present invention's Within protection.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor, including stator, rotor and winding, it is characterised in that
The stator and rotor are double-salient-pole structure, and with axial symmetry, stator core (30) and rotor core (50) are Formed by silicon steel plate stacking;
The stator core (30) is made up of 6 U-shaped laminations, is embedded with what one piece of tangential alternating magnetized between the U-shaped lamination of each two Permanent magnet (40), collectively constitutes a stator tooth;
The winding is centralized winding and is arranged on the stator tooth that the end of winding is smaller;The winding is divided into two sets, Wherein, coil head and the tail sequential concatenation of a set of winding on two relative stator tooths of space, which connects together, constitutes a phase, so that Form three-phase direct torque winding;Coil inverted sequence concatenation of the other set winding on two relative stator tooths of space is connected in A phase is constituted together, the induced electromotive force in two coils is eliminated, so as to form suspending power controling winding;Adjacent permanent magnet (40) polarity of sides adjacent is identical;Permanent magnet flux linkage, counter electromotive force and electric current in the winding are close to double polarity sine ripple Type.
2. double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the permanent magnet (40) The yoke portion of the stator core (30) is positioned over, stator permanent-magnet motor is formd.
CN201710269340.8A 2017-04-24 2017-04-24 Double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor Pending CN107134866A (en)

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CN201710269340.8A CN107134866A (en) 2017-04-24 2017-04-24 Double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor

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CN201710269340.8A CN107134866A (en) 2017-04-24 2017-04-24 Double winding bearing-free flux switch permanent magnet motor

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109494954A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-03-19 西南交通大学 A kind of multiphase axial-flux electric machine
CN110518724A (en) * 2019-07-23 2019-11-29 南京航空航天大学 Stator permanent magnetic type non-bearing flake motor and its working method
CN111342575A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-06-26 大连智鼎科技有限公司 Permanent magnet motor
CN112542903A (en) * 2020-11-13 2021-03-23 南京航空航天大学 Three-phase hybrid excitation doubly salient motor structure
CN111342575B (en) * 2020-04-14 2024-10-29 大连智鼎科技有限公司 Permanent magnet motor

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06113512A (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-04-22 Hitachi Ltd Ac polyphase electric rotating machine
CN103199641A (en) * 2013-04-08 2013-07-10 东南大学 Stator permanent magnetic flux-switching bearing-free motor with U-shaped teeth
CN103683564A (en) * 2013-06-26 2014-03-26 南京信息工程大学 Double-winding modular bearingless magnetic flux switching permanent magnet motor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06113512A (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-04-22 Hitachi Ltd Ac polyphase electric rotating machine
CN103199641A (en) * 2013-04-08 2013-07-10 东南大学 Stator permanent magnetic flux-switching bearing-free motor with U-shaped teeth
CN103683564A (en) * 2013-06-26 2014-03-26 南京信息工程大学 Double-winding modular bearingless magnetic flux switching permanent magnet motor

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109494954A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-03-19 西南交通大学 A kind of multiphase axial-flux electric machine
CN110518724A (en) * 2019-07-23 2019-11-29 南京航空航天大学 Stator permanent magnetic type non-bearing flake motor and its working method
CN111342575A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-06-26 大连智鼎科技有限公司 Permanent magnet motor
CN111342575B (en) * 2020-04-14 2024-10-29 大连智鼎科技有限公司 Permanent magnet motor
CN112542903A (en) * 2020-11-13 2021-03-23 南京航空航天大学 Three-phase hybrid excitation doubly salient motor structure

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Application publication date: 20170905