CN107133374A - A kind of construction method of mode operating mode - Google Patents
A kind of construction method of mode operating mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN107133374A CN107133374A CN201710051390.9A CN201710051390A CN107133374A CN 107133374 A CN107133374 A CN 107133374A CN 201710051390 A CN201710051390 A CN 201710051390A CN 107133374 A CN107133374 A CN 107133374A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of construction method of mode operating mode, this method is based on carrying out short stroke division and cluster analysis result to data, and all kinds of mode condition models are solved using multiple-objection optimization, modal loop measurement condition is developed.By to gearshift law formulation, having expanded measurement condition application so that the mode operating mode can be used for the optimal inspection of conventional belt speed changer car, can also be applied to the test emulation without speed changer car.The error between structure operating mode and ECE operating modes and sampled data totality is analyzed, and simulation analysis have been done to the mode operating mode developed to selection real vehicle.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to various types of vehicles in the optimal inspection field of real road operating mode, and in particular to a kind of mode operating mode
Construction method.
Background technology
Vehicle driving-cycle is to reflect the kinematics character that vehicle is travelled in certain circumstances, and with Velocity-time process
It is used as the form of expression of feature.On the basis of substantial amounts of measured data, with mathematical statistics principle, driving cycle is carried out
Taxonomic revision, it is mode operating mode to simplify complicated true driving cycle, and the mould measurement that exploitation has shifting points is circulated.Mode is surveyed
The main purpose of examination circulation is to be used to optimization of vehicle test and emulate, and determines vehicle discharge, oil consumption, control strategy and parameter
It is general character core technology in automotive research in terms of matching somebody with somebody.
Data processing and producing condition classification are the premises that mode operating mode is built, and are solved with the principal component analysis in multivariate analysis
Certainly multivariable complexity and multivariate correlation problem.Principal component analysis is a series of linear combinations of the former variable of construction, is made each
Linear combination reflects the information of former variable under the premise of incoherent each other, as much as possible, even if its variance is maximum.Make
Used time reflects the linear combination of 80% or more than 90% former variable information according to negating the need for difference.To the overall sample of fragment
This is classified with clustering methodology, the purpose is to which traffic characteristic identical fragment is classified as into a class, and then to representing inhomogeneity
Fragment on type road is analyzed, and then parses the driving cycle on respective type road.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned deficiency there is provided a kind of construction method of mode operating mode, mode of the present invention
Operating mode form rule, profile is simple, with preferable test operability and repeatability, with being easy to be used to develop to put into effect
Frame is tested and carries out the advantage of real vehicle checking.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the following steps：
Step one, road vehicle running test data are obtained by GPS device；
Step 2, short stroke division and clustering are carried out based on the test data collected；
Step 3, proposes all kinds of mode operating mode simplified models, and mode operating mode simplified model includes the letter of first kind condition model
A speed operation and a high-speed working condition fragment are turned to, high-speed working condition carries out a upshift accelerator；The letter of Equations of The Second Kind operating mode
Change the high-speed working condition of a speed operation and a upshift acceleration twice；3rd class operating mode is reduced to a speed operation and one
The high-speed working condition that individual three upshifts accelerate and a downshift is slowed down；
Step 4, using multi-objective optimization theory, calculating is optimized to mode condition model, city bus mould is developed
State driving cycle；Choose idling ratio FPmi, accelerate ratio FPma, at the uniform velocity ratio FPmc, deceleration ratio FPmd, average speed Fvm、
Average operating speed Fvmr, average acceleration FamWith average retardation rate FdmCalculate, compiled by computer as objective function optimization
All kinds of operating modes, with Matlab Optimization Toolboxes, are solved, and the parameters of every class mode operating mode are obtained to time rounding by journey
Optimization solution, according to optimum results, according to all kinds of time scales, synthesizes mode traveling integration test operating mode；
Step 5, considers dynamic property switching, develops the mould measurement circulation of shifting points.
In the step one, by GPS device obtain road vehicle running test data include time t, vehicle velocity V (t),
Acceleration A (t), wherein vehicle velocity V (t) unit are km/h, and V (t) >=0, t unit is s, and t ∈ N.
In the step 2, for gathered data on the basis of initial data accuracy is ensured, abnormal data is carried out
Amendment and reject, based on principal component analysis and clustering methodology, parse that target area congestion, comparison be unobstructed, unobstructed three classes generation
Table operating mode, and calculate the characteristic value of all kinds of operating modes.
The characteristic value of all kinds of operating modes includes max. speed Vmax, minimum vehicle velocity Vmean, average speed Vmr, maximum accelerate
Spend Amax, minimum acceleration Amean, maximum deceleration Dmax, minimum deceleration degree Dmean, 0-10km/h idling ratios P0-10,10-
20km/h idling ratio P10-20,20-30km/h idling ratio P20-30,30-40km/h idling ratios P30-40,40-
50km/h idling ratio P40-50,50-60km/h idling ratio P50-60,60-70km/h idling ratios P60-70, speed-up ratio
Example Pa, deceleration ratio Pd, at the uniform velocity ratio Pc, idling ratio Pi。
In the step 3, dynamic property switching delay time ts=2s, no speed changer automobile power switching is defined as at the uniform velocity
Run time.
After the completion of the step 4, the reasonability by error analysis and emulation relatively to method is analyzed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is to be based on to adopt using the mathematical statistics such as principal component analysis and clustering method
Collection data are divided into three classes, so that rationally processing multivariable complexity and relativity problem, comprehensive all kinds of operating mode feature values propose each
Class mode operating mode simplified model, using multi-objective optimization theory, optimizes calculating to mode condition model, develops target
Vehicle mode driving cycle more really reduces Real-road Driving Cycle in region.To increase developed mould measurement operating mode
Operability and applicability, this method turn round and look at arrive new-energy automobile and orthodox car the characteristics of, consider dynamic property switching
(gear switching), develops the mould measurement circulation of shifting points, it is intended to so that the modal loop developed can meet new energy
Source automotive test research, can meet the testing research of conventional belt speed changer automobile, be follow-up automobile control strategy optimization and ginseng again
Number matching provides theoretical and data basis.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is automobile actually high low speed driving cycle and its acceleration flex point distribution map；Wherein, arrow point at a high speed, it is low
Fast fragment and acceleration flex point；
Fig. 3 is first kind congestion operating mode simplified model figure；
Fig. 4 is the general operating mode simplified model figure of Equations of The Second Kind；
Fig. 5 is the unobstructed operating mode simplified model figure of the 3rd class；
Fig. 6 is first kind congestion working condition chart after multiple-objection optimization；
Fig. 7 is the general working condition chart of Equations of The Second Kind after multiple-objection optimization；
Fig. 8 is the 3rd unobstructed working condition chart of class after multiple-objection optimization；
Fig. 9 is city bus modal synthesis measurement condition figure；
Figure 10 is certain the city's city bus modal loop measurement condition figure for adding schedule；
Figure 11 is that XA-Mode10 operating modes are compared figure with other typical Mode operating mode discharge performance；
Figure 12 is that XA-Mode10 operating modes are compared figure with other allusion quotation mode operating mode equivalent fuel consumption per hundred kilometers.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment：
This paper gathered datas are certain city's hybrid-power bus actual operating data, with short stroke partitioning, principal component
Analysis, clustering methodology carry out data taxonomic revision, are divided into congestion operating mode, general operating mode, the class of unobstructed operating mode three, and calculate each
Time scale shared by class operating mode, constructs all kinds of operating mode simplified models, using multi-objective optimization theory, and multiple target weighting is obtained
Single goal, solves object function optimal solution, builds all kinds of mode operating modes, and complete city mode work is synthesized according to time scale
Condition, it is contemplated that dynamic property switches, adds schedule, obtains mode working condition measurement circulation course.Carry out traveling checking：Error
Analysis, emulation are compared, and analytic explanation builds the reasonability of mode operating mode.
Referring to Fig. 1, step explanation in detail below：
Step 1: data acquisition and collating sort.
Road vehicle running test data, including time t, vehicle velocity V (t), acceleration A (t) are obtained by GPS device.Profit
With principal component analysis and clustering taxonomic revision, all kinds of operating mode feature values are referring to table 1.
Step 2: the foundation of mode operation optimization model.
Automobile is run on real road, can generally be reduced to accelerate, slow down, at the uniform velocity with parking (idling) four operating modes.
Generally, automobile will not carry out dynamic property switching in speed operation downward driving, under high-speed working condition, it usually needs carry out dynamic property
Switching.By analyzing transient state driving cycle, high speed and low speed fragment are distinguished, and marks high-speed working condition acceleration flex point, such as
Shown in Fig. 2.
From Figure 2 it can be seen that city bus run at a low speed fragment can be reduced to accelerate, slow down, at the uniform velocity with idling (parking) four
Individual operating mode；To consider that (Fig. 2 is shown as acceleration change caused by dynamic property switching and power demand change when running at high speed
Acceleration flex point).With reference to table 1, consider above and below all kinds of operating mode actual travel characteristics and automobile traffic light and passenger's website
Parking (idling) scale effect caused by car etc., is herein a low speed work by first kind operating mode (congestion operating mode) model simplification
Condition and a high-speed working condition fragment, high-speed working condition carry out a upshift accelerator, as shown in Figure 3.Equations of The Second Kind operating mode is (general
Operating mode) simplify the high-speed working condition that upshift accelerates twice of a speed operation and one, as shown in Figure 4.3rd class operating mode is (unobstructed
Operating mode) high-speed working condition that a speed operation and three upshifts acceleration and a downshift are slowed down is reduced to, as shown in Figure 5.
Facilitate experimental implementation for modal loop measurement condition, and refer to ECE standard cycles, by (or the gearshift of dynamic property switching delay time
Time) it is set to ts=2s (no speed changer automobile power switching is defined as the time of traveling at the uniform speed).
Step 3: using multi-objective optimization theory, calculating is optimized to mode condition model, city bus mould is developed
State driving cycle；
Based on above-mentioned all kinds of condition models, three class operation optimization variables, object function and constraints are entered to more than below
Row analysis：
First kind operating mode：Needed for first kind operating mode totally 12 each to the run time and operating speed of its each target phase
Variable is optimized.So optimized variable is represented by：Idling ratio (F is chosen hereinPmi), accelerate ratio (FPma), at the uniform velocity compare
Example (FPmc), deceleration ratio (FPmd), average speed (Fvm), average operating speed (Fvmr), average acceleration (Fam), averagely subtract
Speed (Fdm) 8 important indicators with statistical significance calculate as objective function optimization.According to geometric meaning, then scheme in Fig. 3
Shape area is range ability Sc, and such object function is expressed as：
Max. speed is defined no more than 70km/h and the speed operation of each operating mode section according to the max speed collected
Max. speed is less than high regime max. speed.According to table 1, the maximum acceleration, deceleration degree for defining each operating mode of first kind operating mode does not surpass
3m/s2 is crossed, and upshift accelerates acceleration reduction, the speed reduction of downshift reduction, defines each speed and should be greater than 0, defines it most
Big speed is no more than 40km/h, and each time is not less than 2s., so just obtain constraints：
Equations of The Second Kind operating mode：Optimized variable has 14, is represented by：Xn=(Tn1,Tn2,...,Tn10,Vn1,Vn2,...,
Vn4)14, object function is：
According to table 1, the maximum acceleration, deceleration degree for defining Equations of The Second Kind operating mode is no more than 3m/s2, and upshift accelerates acceleration drop
It is low, define each speed and should be greater than 0, define its max speed no more than 55km/h, each operating mode duration is not less than
2s, so just obtains constraints：
3rd class operating mode：Optimized variable has 18, is represented by Xs=(Ts1,Ts2,...,Ts12,Vs1,Vs2,...,Vs6)18
Object function is：
According to table 1, the maximum acceleration, deceleration degree for defining the 3rd class operating mode is no more than 3m/s2, and upshift accelerates acceleration drop
Low, downshift deceleration increase, defines each speed and should be greater than 0, define its max speed no more than 70km/h, each time is equal
Not less than 2s., so just obtain constraints：
T in above-mentioned equationji, Tja, Tjc, Tjd, Vjm, Vjmr, Ajm, Djm(j=c, n, s) represents experimental data after conversion respectively
The average dead time of congestion operating mode (Congestion), general operating mode (Normal) and unobstructed operating mode (Smooth), accelerates generation
Boundary, at the uniform velocity time, deceleration time, average speed, average operating speed, average acceleration and average retardation rate.
Now above tertiary target variable is solved, eight object functions all reflect automobile running working condition due to more than
Key property, with parallel relation, so herein using weighting method by multiple target be converted into single goal solve.Conversion is integrated
Optimization aim F methods are as follows：
F=ω1Fpmi+ω2Fpma+ω3Fpmc+ω4Fpmd+ω5Fvm+ω6Fvmr+ω7Fam+ω8Fdm
Wherein ω 1- ω 8 are the weight factors of eight partial objectives for of the above, and eight partial objectives for are respectively from speed, speed due to more than
Developed operating mode is described in terms of distribution, acceleration, therefore it is recognized herein that its importance quite, for convenience, takes it to weigh herein
The factor is equal, that is, takes：
ω1=ω2=ω3=ω4=ω5=ω6=ω7=ω8=0.125
By computer programming, with Matlab Optimization Toolboxes, all kinds of operating modes of table 1 are solved, and time rounding is obtained
Parameters to every class mode operating mode optimize solution.According to optimum results, all kinds of operating modes are distinguished as Figure 6-Figure 8, according to each
Class time scale, synthesizes mode traveling integration test operating mode, is named as XA-Mode10, as shown in Figure 9.Mode traveling is integrated
Measurement condition characteristic value is as shown in table 2.
Optimizing solution vector is：Xc=(68,6,6,10,68,7,11,11,11,14.07,14.98,38.60)
Xn=(35,37,33,36,35,5,4,3,2,5,30.37,35.53,48.6,55)；
Xs=(24,38,41,38,24,6,5,5,2,2,5,2,27.54,27.54,49.82,66.4,70,1 8.06)；
Step 4: considering dynamic property switching, the mould measurement circulation of shifting points is developed；
Schedule is set to above mode operating mode.The characteristics of in view of all kinds of operating modes, as seen from Figure 6, first kind operating mode
Overall more congestion, acceleration-deceleration is set as being walked with a dammed up and accelerated than larger.From Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, Equations of The Second Kind and
3rd class operating mode is more unobstructed, and the low speed fragment and an anxious dynamic property for accelerating and suddenly slowing down for respectively including a circulation are surveyed
Test piece section, and the overall acceleration of low speed segment is flat, high regime entirety acceleration is larger, therefore is set as Equations of The Second Kind and the 3rd class work
Condition low speed segment is walked with two dammed ups to be accelerated, and high regime is walked with a dammed up to be accelerated.So, obtain mode every trade and sail test loop, such as table
Shown in 3, the mould measurement operating mode for adding schedule is as shown in Figure 10.
To make evaluation to certain constructed city urban district city bus driving cycle, V is chosenmean、Vmr、Vsd、Amean、
Dmean、 Asd、Pa、Pd、Pc、PiTotally 10 influences carry out error evaluation than larger and with statistical significance characteristic parameter.Respectively refer to
Mark error and miss δi, total accumulated error δ and mean error calculation formula are respectively such as formula：
From table 4, XA-MBUS operating mode mean errors are only between 10.8%, ECE operating modes and certain city urban district public transport operating mode
Differ greatly, mean error is up to 24.79%.This illustrates that mode operating mode construction method used herein can be relatively truer
Reflect vehicle actual travel characteristic.
Further to analyze between XA-MBUS operating modes and ECE operating modes, the big mode operating mode of ECE+EUDC, Japan10-15 tri-
Difference, from extra large lattice KLQ6129GCHEV hybrid powers sample car be based on ADVISOR carry out simulation analysis.Simulation analysis are several
Motor vehicle emission and energy consumption under operating mode is shown as is illustrated by figs. 11 and 12 respectively.As seen from the figure, sample car in ECE operating modes HC, CO and
NOx emission is above other typical conditions, and XA-MBUS discharges are closer to Japanese operating mode.Sample car is under XA-MBUS operating modes
(gradient is set to 0) equivalent fuel consumption per hundred kilometers is 24.7L, higher than other three kinds of typical Modes operating mode horsepower requirements.This explanation party
The mode operating mode that method is built has certain reasonability in motor vehicle emission and energy consumption.
Certain the city urban district all kinds of mean eigenvalue of city bus of table 1 compare
Certain the city urban district city bus mould measurement operating mode feature value of table 2
| T/(S) | Ta/(s) | Td/(s) | Tc/(s) | Ti/(s) | S/(km) | Vmax | Vm | Vmr |
| 1000 | 242 | 200 | 218 | 358 | 4.18 | 70 | 15.05 | 23.43 |
| Vsd | Amax | Amean | Dmax | Dmean | Asd | P0-10 | P10-20 | P20-30 |
| 16.51 | 1.64 | 0.494 | -3.06 | -0.598 | 0.556 | 0.128 | 0.146 | 0.235 |
| P30-40 | P40-50 | P50-60 | P60-70 | Pa | Pd | Pc | Pi | |
| 0.065 | 0.024 | 0.018 | 0.027 | 0.241 | 0.200 | 0.211 | 0.358 |
The mode working condition measurement of table 3 circulates scenario
The I marked in bracket, II, III, IV are kept off, and are for the car for having speed changer, for the portion without speed changer
Dividing hybrid power passenger car or pure electric coach, then shifting points are accordingly to be regarded as at the uniform velocity travelling.
Table 4 builds operating mode and ECE operating modes and certain city urban district city bus sampled data application condition
Claims (6)
1. a kind of construction method of mode operating mode, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one, road vehicle running test data are obtained by GPS device；
Step 2, short stroke division and clustering are carried out based on the test data collected；
Step 3, proposes all kinds of mode operating mode simplified models, and mode operating mode simplified model is reduced to including first kind condition model
One speed operation and a high-speed working condition fragment, high-speed working condition carry out a upshift accelerator；Equations of The Second Kind operating mode simplifies one
Individual speed operation and the high-speed working condition of a upshift acceleration twice；3rd class operating mode be reduced to a speed operation and one three times
The high-speed working condition that upshift accelerates and a downshift is slowed down；
Step 4, using multi-objective optimization theory, calculating is optimized to mode condition model, develops city bus mode row
Sail operating mode；Choose idling ratio FPmi, accelerate ratio FPma, at the uniform velocity ratio FPmc, deceleration ratio FPmd, average speed Fvm, average fortune
Speed of driving a vehicle Fvmr, average acceleration FamWith average retardation rate FdmCalculate, by computer programming, use as objective function optimization
Matlab Optimization Toolboxes, to all kinds of operating modes solve, and time rounding is obtained every class mode operating mode parameters optimization solution,
According to optimum results, according to all kinds of time scales, synthesize mode traveling integration test operating mode；
Step 5, considers dynamic property switching, develops the mould measurement circulation of shifting points.
2. the construction method of a kind of mode operating mode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step one, pass through
The data that GPS device obtains road vehicle running test include time t, vehicle velocity V (t), acceleration A (t), and wherein vehicle velocity V (t) is single
Position is km/h, and V (t) >=0, t unit is s, and t ∈ N.
3. the construction method of a kind of mode operating mode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 2, for
Gathered data carries out abnormal data amendment and rejecting, based on principal component analysis on the basis of initial data accuracy is ensured
And clustering methodology, parse that target area congestion, comparison be unobstructed, unobstructed three class represents operating mode, and calculates all kinds of operating modes
Characteristic value.
4. a kind of construction method of mode operating mode according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the feature of all kinds of operating modes
Value includes max. speed Vmax, minimum vehicle velocity Vmean, average speed Vmr, peak acceleration Amax, minimum acceleration Amean, maximum subtracts
Speed Dmax, minimum deceleration degree Dmean, 0-10km/h idling ratio P0-10,10-20km/h idling ratios P10-20,20-30km/
H idling ratio P20-30,30-40km/h idling ratio P30-40,40-50km/h idling ratio P40-50,50-60km/h idling
Ratio P50-60,60-70km/h idling ratio P60-70, acceleration ratio Pa, deceleration ratio Pd, at the uniform velocity ratio Pc, idling ratio
Pi。
5. the construction method of a kind of mode operating mode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 3, power
Property switching delay time ts=2s, the switching of no speed changer automobile power is defined as the time of traveling at the uniform speed.
6. the construction method of a kind of mode operating mode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after the completion of the step 4,
Reasonability by error analysis and emulation relatively to method is analyzed.
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| CN111008505B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2023-05-23 | 西华大学 | Urban ramp driving condition construction method and application |
| CN111785024A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-16 | 陕西工业职业技术学院 | Urban vehicle working condition construction method based on regions and time domains |
| CN113984406A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 长安大学 | Short-time working condition construction method and system for electric vehicle safety rapid detection |
| CN113984406B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-07-14 | 长安大学 | Short-time working condition construction method and system for electric automobile safety rapid detection |
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