CN107130568B - Reservoir emptying tunnel structure of super-high dam more than 200 meters and arrangement and use method thereof - Google Patents
Reservoir emptying tunnel structure of super-high dam more than 200 meters and arrangement and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107130568B CN107130568B CN201710547785.8A CN201710547785A CN107130568B CN 107130568 B CN107130568 B CN 107130568B CN 201710547785 A CN201710547785 A CN 201710547785A CN 107130568 B CN107130568 B CN 107130568B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
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- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
The invention provides a reservoir emptying tunnel structure of an ultra-high dam with the length of more than 200 meters and an arrangement and use method thereof, the reservoir emptying tunnel structure of the ultra-high dam with the length of more than 200 meters comprises a diversion tunnel and a flood discharge tunnel which are arranged in a mountain body, a flood discharge gate is arranged on the upstream side of the flood discharge tunnel, and a front diversion gate and a rear diversion gate are respectively arranged on the upstream side and the downstream side of the diversion tunnel; the device also comprises a communicating hole arranged in the mountain body, and a communicating gate is arranged at the opening end of the communicating hole; the upstream side and the downstream side of the front diversion gate are respectively provided with a water pressure gauge, and the communicated gate is provided with a servo opening and closing device which receives pressure difference signals at two sides of the front diversion gate and drives the communicated gate to open and close. The emptying hole structure of the reservoir of the ultra-high dam with the height of more than 200 meters can arrange the emptying hole at the position near the reservoir bottom, and can solve the emptying problem of the reservoir of the ultra-high dam with the height of more than 200 meters under the current technical level condition of the gate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a reservoir emptying tunnel structure of an ultra-high dam with the height of more than 200 meters. The invention also relates to an arrangement method and a use method of the reservoir emptying hole structure of the super-high dam with the height of more than 200 meters.
Background
At present, china is in the rapid development stage of the construction of an ultrahigh dam reservoir of more than 200m, and a plurality of constructed or constructed ultrahigh dam reservoirs are provided, for example, the constructed bay dam is 294.5m high, the water distribution dam is 233m high, the illumination dam is 200.5m high, the brocade primary dam is 305m high, and the constructed double-estuary dam is 314m high.
The super-high dam bears high water head and huge water pressure. For example, the dam heights of the bay, the stream ferry, the Raschig tile and the second beach dam are 294.5m, 285.5m, 250m and 240m respectively. The high water head causes the water pressure of the hydraulic structure gate orifice to be huge, the difficulty of opening and closing operation, maintenance, repair and reconstruction is greatly increased, and the risk is high. According to the current technical level, the maximum working water head of a working gate can only reach 160m, the emptying can not be realized in high dam engineering, great hidden dangers are brought to dam safety management, emergency disposal and the like, a novel emptying hole setting method needs to be searched urgently, and the emptying problem of the ultrahigh dam is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a reservoir emptying hole structure of an ultra-high dam with a length of more than 200m, so as to solve the problem of emptying of the ultra-high dam.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a kind of reservoir emptying tunnel structure of over 200 meters ultra-high dam, it includes setting up the diversion tunnel in the mountain in the reservoir bottom elevation, and set up the flood discharge tunnel in the mountain above the said diversion tunnel, there are flooddischarge gates on the upstream side of the said flood discharge tunnel, there are front diversion gates and back diversion gates on the upstream side and downstream side of the said diversion tunnel respectively;
the tunnel is characterized by further comprising a communicating tunnel arranged in the mountain body, one end of the communicating tunnel is communicated with the diversion tunnel between the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate, the other end of the communicating tunnel is located between the diversion tunnel elevation and the flood discharge tunnel elevation and is opened in the reservoir, and a communicating gate is arranged at the opening end of the communicating tunnel; and the number of the first and second groups is,
the hydraulic pressure meters are respectively arranged on the upstream side and the downstream side of the front diversion gate, and the servo opening and closing device which receives pressure difference signals on two sides of the front diversion gate and drives the communication gate to open and close is arranged at the communication gate.
Furthermore, the communication gate is located at a side port of the communication tunnel communicated with the reservoir, and the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate are respectively arranged close to two ports of the diversion tunnel.
Further, the communication position of the communication tunnel and the diversion tunnel is arranged close to the front diversion gate.
Furthermore, the height difference between the tunnel bottom of the flood discharge tunnel and the flood checking level of the reservoir and the height difference between the diversion tunnel and the tunnel bottom of the flood discharge tunnel are not more than 160 meters.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the emptying tunnel structure of the reservoir of the ultra-high dam with the height of more than 200 meters can reduce the water pressure of the gate in the diversion tunnel by the partial pressure of the front diversion gate and the shared bearing of the pressure of the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate on the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate through the arrangement of the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate in the diversion tunnel and can arrange the diversion tunnel near the bottom of the reservoir for emptying so as to solve the emptying problem of the reservoir of the ultra-high dam.
The invention also aims to provide an arrangement method of the reservoir emptying hole structure of the ultra-high dam with the length of more than 200 meters, which comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a diversion tunnel in a mountain body close to the bottom of a reservoir;
secondly, arranging front diversion gates and rear diversion gates which are arranged at intervals in the diversion tunnel;
thirdly, arranging a flood discharge tunnel in the mountain body above the diversion tunnel;
step four, arranging a flood discharge gate in the flood discharge tunnel;
step five, arranging a communicating tunnel in the mountain body, communicating one end of the communicating tunnel into the diversion tunnel at a position between the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate, and communicating the other end of the communicating tunnel into the reservoir at a position between the diversion tunnel and the height of the flood discharge tunnel;
sixthly, respectively arranging water pressure meters on the upper and the downstream sides of the front diversion gate;
and seventhly, arranging a communication gate in the communication hole, and arranging a servo opening and closing device at the communication gate.
Furthermore, in the third step, the height difference between the diversion tunnel and the tunnel bottom of the flood discharge tunnel and the height difference between the tunnel bottom of the flood discharge tunnel and the check flood level of the reservoir are not more than 160 meters.
Further, in the second step, the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate are respectively arranged close to two ports of the diversion tunnel.
Further, in the seventh step, the communication gate is arranged at a port on one side where the communication hole is communicated with the reservoir.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a use method of the reservoir emptying hole structure of the ultra-high dam with the length of more than 200 meters, which comprises the following steps:
when the reservoir stores water, the front diversion gate and the communication gate are opened, the rear diversion gate and the flood discharge gate are closed, and after the reservoir water level rises above the communication gate, the front diversion gate is closed until the reservoir water level rises to a normal water storage level;
when the reservoir is emptied, the flood discharge gate is opened firstly, when the reservoir water level reaches the bottom of the flood discharge hole, the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate are opened simultaneously, and the reservoir is emptied.
The emptying hole structure of the ultrahigh dam reservoir with the length of more than 200 meters, which is obtained by adopting the arrangement method, can be arranged at the position near the reservoir bottom, so that the emptying problem of the ultrahigh dam reservoir with the length of more than 200 meters can be solved under the condition of the current technical level of the gate.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reservoir emptying hole structure of an ultra-high dam of more than 200 meters according to an embodiment of the invention;
description of reference numerals:
1-reservoir, 2-mountain, 3-reservoir bottom, 4-normal water storage level, 5-flood discharge tunnel, 51-tunnel bottom, 6-flood discharge gate, 7-diversion tunnel, 8-front diversion gate, 9-rear diversion gate, 10-communication tunnel and 11-communication gate.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
The embodiment relates to a reservoir emptying hole structure of an ultra-high dam with the length of more than 200 meters, as shown in figure 1, the emptying hole structure is arranged on a mountain body 2, a reservoir 1 is formed by enclosing one side of the mountain body 2, and the emptying hole structure is used for communicating two sides of the mountain body 2, so that the emptying operation of the reservoir 1 is realized. In a specific structure, the emptying tunnel structure of the embodiment comprises a diversion tunnel 7 arranged in a mountain body 2 at a position close to the bottom 3 of the reservoir 1 and a flood discharge tunnel 5 arranged in the mountain body 2 above the diversion tunnel 7, wherein a flood discharge gate 51 is arranged in the flood discharge tunnel 5, and a front diversion gate 8 and a rear diversion gate 9 which are arranged at intervals are arranged in the diversion tunnel 7.
In this embodiment, the emptying tunnel structure further includes a communicating tunnel 10 disposed in the mountain 2, one end of the communicating tunnel 10 is communicated with the diversion tunnel 7 between the front diversion gate 8 and the rear diversion gate 9, the other end of the communicating tunnel 10 opens into the reservoir 1 at a position between the diversion tunnel 7 and the emptying tunnel 5 to achieve communication with the reservoir 1, a communicating gate 11 is also disposed in the communicating tunnel 10, and in this embodiment, the communicating gate 11 is also located at a side port of the communicating tunnel 10 communicated with the reservoir 1.
In addition, in this embodiment, the upstream side and the downstream side of the front diversion gate 8 in the diversion tunnel 7 are respectively provided with a water pressure gauge not shown in the figure, and the communication gate 11 in the communication tunnel 10 is also provided with a servo opening and closing device for receiving a pressure difference signal between the water pressure gauges on both sides of the front diversion gate 8 so as to open and close the communication gate 11, and the servo opening and closing device can be a motor controlled by a closed-loop control module such as a PLC.
In this embodiment, the front diversion gate 8 and the rear diversion gate 9 are respectively disposed close to two ports of the diversion tunnel 7, and the communication portion between the communication tunnel 10 and the diversion tunnel 7 is also disposed close to the front diversion gate 8. In addition, in the elevation setting, the elevation difference between the tunnel bottom 51 of the spillway tunnel 5 and the check flood level of the reservoir 1 in this embodiment is not greater than 160, for example, it may be designed to be 110 meters, and the elevation difference between the diversion tunnel 7 and the tunnel bottom 51 of the spillway tunnel 5 is not greater than 160, for example, it may also be 110 meters.
In this embodiment, the tunnel walls of the spillway tunnel 5, the diversion tunnel 7 and the communicating tunnel 10 should be well sealed, and the diameter of the communicating tunnel 10 is 50-200cm. When the emptying tunnel structure is specifically arranged and constructed, a diversion tunnel 7 is arranged in the mountain body 2 close to the bottom 3 of the reservoir 1, and a front diversion gate 8 and a rear diversion gate 9 which are arranged at intervals are arranged in the diversion tunnel 7. Then, a flood discharge tunnel 5 is arranged in the mountain body 2 above the diversion tunnel 7, and a flood discharge gate 6 is arranged in the flood discharge tunnel 5. Then, a communicating cave 10 is arranged in the mountain body 2, one end of the communicating cave 10 is communicated into the diversion tunnel 7 at the position between the front diversion gate 8 and the rear diversion gate 9, the other end of the communicating cave 10 is communicated into the reservoir 1 at the position between the diversion tunnel 7 and the flood discharge tunnel 5, finally, a communicating gate 11 is arranged in the communicating cave 10, water pressure gauges are arranged at two sides of the front diversion gate 8, and a servo opening and closing device connected with the water pressure gauges at the two sides is arranged at the communicating gate 11.
The actual construction can be different from the above steps according to specific situations, and in the specific arrangement construction, the elevation difference between the tunnel bottom 11 of the diversion tunnel 7 and the flood discharge tunnel 5 and the elevation difference between the tunnel bottom 11 of the flood discharge tunnel 5 and the check flood level of the reservoir 1 should be no more than 160 meters, the front diversion gate 8 and the rear diversion gate 9 are respectively arranged close to two ports of the diversion tunnel 7, and the communication gate 11 is arranged at one side port of the communication tunnel 10 communicated with the reservoir 1. In addition, the diversion tunnel 7 and the flood discharge tunnel 5 of the embodiment can be reconstructed from diversion tunnel structures in the engineering construction period, so that concrete does not need to be used for backfilling after the engineering is finished, and the construction cost can be reduced.
When the emptying tunnel structure of the reservoir of the ultra-high dam with the length of more than 200 meters is used, the water pressure difference between the upstream side and the downstream side of the front diversion gate 8 is the control standard, and the opening and closing between the communicating tunnel 10 and the reservoir 1 are controlled by the servo opening and closing device, so that the water pressure at the downstream side of the front diversion gate 8 in the diversion tunnel 7 is controlled, and the water pressure difference between the upstream side and the downstream side of the front diversion gate 8 is in the pressure range which can be borne by the gate. When the method is used for storing water in the reservoir 1, the front diversion gate 8 and the communication gate 11 are opened, the rear diversion gate 9 and the flood discharge gate 6 are closed, and after the water level of the reservoir 1 rises above the communication gate 11, the front diversion gate 8 is closed, and the water level of the reservoir 1 rises to the normal water storage level 4.
After the reservoir 1 stores water and finishes, the upstream surface of the front diversion gate 8 bears the water pressure which is the water depth of the reservoir 1, the downstream surface bears the water pressure which is the depth of the communicating hole 10, and the comprehensive pressure born by the front diversion gate 8 is as follows: the water depth of the reservoir 1-the depth of the communicating cave 10, and further shares the water pressure of the front diversion gate. When the reservoir 1 is emptied, the flood discharge gate 6 is opened first, and when the water level of the reservoir 1 reaches the position 51 of the bottom of the flood discharge tunnel 5, the front diversion gate 8 and the rear diversion gate 9 are opened simultaneously, and the reservoir 1 is emptied.
The super high dam reservoir emptying tunnel structure of more than 200 meters of this embodiment can be through the preceding, back water conservancy diversion gate in the diversion tunnel 7, and the setting of the intercommunication tunnel 10, can be via the partial pressure of intercommunication tunnel 10 to preceding water conservancy diversion gate 8, and preceding, back water conservancy diversion gate undertake jointly to pressure, thereby can reduce the water pressure of gate in the diversion tunnel 7, can set up the diversion tunnel 7 near the bottom of the reservior 3 and empty, and can solve the problem of emptying of the super high dam reservoir of more than 200 meters under the current gate technical level condition.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an above 200 meters superelevation dam reservoir emptying hole structure which characterized in that:
the device comprises a diversion tunnel (7) arranged in a mountain body (2) at the bottom (3) of a reservoir (1) in an elevation manner, and a flood discharge tunnel (5) arranged in the mountain body (2) above the diversion tunnel (7), wherein a flood discharge gate (6) is arranged at the upstream side of the flood discharge tunnel (5), and a front diversion gate (8) and a rear diversion gate (9) are respectively arranged at the upstream side and the downstream side of the diversion tunnel (7);
the water level sensor is characterized by further comprising a communicating tunnel (10) arranged in the mountain body (2), the diameter of the communicating tunnel (10) is 50-200cm, one end of the communicating tunnel (10) is communicated with the diversion tunnel (7) between the front diversion gate (8) and the rear diversion gate (9), the other end of the communicating tunnel (10) is located between the height of the diversion tunnel (7) and the height of the flood discharging tunnel (5) and opens in the reservoir (1), and a communicating gate (11) is arranged at the opening end of the communicating tunnel (10);
the upstream side and the downstream side of the front diversion gate (8) are respectively provided with a water pressure gauge, and the communication gate (11) is provided with a servo opening and closing device which receives pressure difference signals at two sides of the front diversion gate (8) and drives the communication gate (11) to open and close;
the use method of the reservoir emptying hole structure of the super-high dam with the height of more than 200 meters comprises the following steps:
when the reservoir (1) stores water, the front diversion gate (8) and the communication gate (11) are opened, the rear diversion gate (9) and the flood discharge gate (6) are closed, after the water level of the reservoir (1) rises above the communication gate (11), the front diversion gate (8) is closed, and the water level of the reservoir (1) rises to the normal water storage level (4);
when the reservoir is emptied, the flood discharge gate (6) is opened firstly, when the water level of the reservoir (1) reaches the position of the bottom (51) of the flood discharge tunnel (5), the front diversion gate (8) and the rear diversion gate (9) are opened simultaneously, and the reservoir (1) is emptied.
2. The emptying tunnel structure of the reservoir with the ultra-high dam of more than 200 meters as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the communication gate (11) is located one side port department that communication hole (10) and reservoir (1) are linked together, preceding water conservancy diversion gate (8) with back water conservancy diversion gate (9) are close to respectively in the both ends mouth department of water conservancy diversion hole (7) arranges.
3. The emptying tunnel structure of the reservoir with the ultra-high dam of more than 200 meters as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the communication position of the communication tunnel (10) and the diversion tunnel (7) is arranged close to the front diversion gate (8).
4. The ultra-high dam reservoir emptying tunnel structure of more than 200m according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the height difference between the tunnel bottom (51) of the flood discharge tunnel (5) and the flood checking level of the reservoir (1) and the height difference between the diversion tunnel (7) and the tunnel bottom (51) of the flood discharge tunnel (5) are not more than 160 meters.
5. A method for arranging the structure of the emptying hole of the reservoir of the ultra-high dam with the length of more than 200 meters as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a diversion tunnel (7) in a mountain body (2) close to a reservoir bottom (3) of a reservoir (1);
secondly, arranging front diversion gates (8) and rear diversion gates (9) which are arranged at intervals in the diversion tunnel (7);
thirdly, arranging a flood discharge tunnel (5) in the mountain body (2) above the diversion tunnel (7);
step four, arranging a flood discharge gate (6) in the flood discharge tunnel (5);
fifthly, arranging a communicating tunnel (10) in the mountain body (2), enabling one end of the communicating tunnel (10) to be communicated to the diversion tunnel (7) at a position between the front diversion gate (8) and the rear diversion gate (9), and enabling the other end of the communicating tunnel (10) to be communicated to the reservoir (1) at a position between the diversion tunnel (7) and the height of the flood discharging tunnel (5);
sixthly, respectively arranging water pressure meters on the upper and the downstream sides of the front diversion gate (8);
and seventhly, arranging a communication gate (11) in the communication hole (10), and arranging a servo opening and closing device at the communication gate (11).
6. The method for arranging the emptying hole structure of the ultra-high dam reservoir with the length of more than 200 meters as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the elevation difference between the diversion tunnel (7) and the tunnel bottom (51) of the flood discharge tunnel (5) and the elevation difference between the tunnel bottom (51) of the flood discharge tunnel (5) and the check flood level of the reservoir (1) are not more than 160 meters.
7. The method for arranging the emptying hole structure of the ultra-high dam reservoir with the length of more than 200 meters as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the front diversion gate (8) and the rear diversion gate (9) are respectively arranged close to two ports of the diversion tunnel (7).
8. The method for arranging the emptying hole structure of the ultra-high dam reservoir with the length of more than 200 meters as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and seventhly, arranging the communication gate (11) at a port at one side, communicated with the reservoir (1), of the communication hole (10).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710547785.8A CN107130568B (en) | 2017-07-06 | 2017-07-06 | Reservoir emptying tunnel structure of super-high dam more than 200 meters and arrangement and use method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710547785.8A CN107130568B (en) | 2017-07-06 | 2017-07-06 | Reservoir emptying tunnel structure of super-high dam more than 200 meters and arrangement and use method thereof |
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| CN107130568A CN107130568A (en) | 2017-09-05 |
| CN107130568B true CN107130568B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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| CN110147569A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-08-20 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of multistage emptying tunnel analogue simulation debugging system and analogue simulation adjustment method |
| CN114541344A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-05-27 | 中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Drainage tunnel arrangement structure adopting overflow depressurization to reduce gate water retaining head |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB454402A (en) * | 1935-12-03 | 1936-09-30 | Edgar Harrison Parkinson | Improvements in and relating to reservoir, dam, or like wall construction |
| CN103526732A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-01-22 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Dam drainage structure |
| CN105155484B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2017-04-05 | 四川大学 | By the method that the reconstruction of temporary diversion hole is permanent release floodwatering facility |
| CN105040648B (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-07-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | More than 200 meters superelevation dam reservoir emptying tunnels and its method for arranging, purposes |
| CN205444124U (en) * | 2015-12-26 | 2016-08-10 | 江南水利水电工程公司 | Waterproof dam of cement piece formula |
| CN206971183U (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2018-02-06 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | More than 200 meters superelevation dam reservoir emptying tunnel structures |
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