CN107130568B - The structure, arrangement and use method of the emptying cavity of the super high dam reservoir above 200 meters - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a reservoir emptying tunnel structure of an ultra-high dam with the length of more than 200 meters and an arrangement and use method thereof, the reservoir emptying tunnel structure of the ultra-high dam with the length of more than 200 meters comprises a diversion tunnel and a flood discharge tunnel which are arranged in a mountain body, a flood discharge gate is arranged on the upstream side of the flood discharge tunnel, and a front diversion gate and a rear diversion gate are respectively arranged on the upstream side and the downstream side of the diversion tunnel; the device also comprises a communicating hole arranged in the mountain body, and a communicating gate is arranged at the opening end of the communicating hole; the upstream side and the downstream side of the front diversion gate are respectively provided with a water pressure gauge, and the communicated gate is provided with a servo opening and closing device which receives pressure difference signals at two sides of the front diversion gate and drives the communicated gate to open and close. The emptying hole structure of the reservoir of the ultra-high dam with the height of more than 200 meters can arrange the emptying hole at the position near the reservoir bottom, and can solve the emptying problem of the reservoir of the ultra-high dam with the height of more than 200 meters under the current technical level condition of the gate.

Description

The structure, arrangement and use method of the emptying cavity of the super high dam reservoir above 200 meters

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular relates to a vent hole structure of a superhigh dam reservoir with a height of more than 200 meters. The present invention also relates to a method for arranging the venting cavity structure of the superhigh dam reservoir with a height of more than 200 meters and a method for using the same.

Background technique

At present, my country is in the rapid development stage of the construction of super-high dam reservoirs over 200m. The dam is 233m high, the Guangzhao Dam is 200.5m high, the Jinping I dam is 305m high, and the Shuangjiangkou Dam under construction is 314m high. my country's national economic development has a particularly significant impact.

Super-high dams bear high water head and huge water pressure. For example, the dam heights of Xiaowan, Xiluodu, Laxiwa and Ertan dams are 294.5m, 285.5m, 250m and 240m respectively. The high water head leads to huge water pressure at the gate orifice of the hydraulic structure, and the difficulty of opening and closing operation, maintenance and renovation is greatly increased, and the risk is high. According to the current technical level, the maximum working water head of the working gate can only reach 160m, and high dam projects cannot be vented, which brings great hidden dangers to dam safety management and emergency response. High dam venting problem.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a venting cavity structure for super-high dam reservoirs with a height of more than 200 meters, so as to solve the problem of super-high dam venting.

In order to achieve the above object, technical solution of the present invention is achieved in that way:

A vent hole structure for a super-high dam reservoir above 200 meters, which includes a diversion tunnel arranged in the mountain body at the bottom elevation of the reservoir, and a flood discharge tunnel arranged in the mountain body above the diversion tunnel. A flood discharge gate is provided on the upstream side, and a front diversion gate and a rear diversion gate are respectively provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the diversion tunnel;

It also includes a communication hole arranged in the mountain body, one end of the communication hole is connected to the diversion hole between the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate, and the other end of the communication hole Located at a position between the elevation of the diversion tunnel and the elevation of the spillway tunnel, opening into the reservoir, and having a communication gate at the opening end of the communication tunnel; and,

Water pressure gauges are respectively provided on the upstream side and downstream side of the front diversion gate, and the pressure difference signal on both sides of the front diversion gate is provided at the communication gate to drive the opening and closing of the communication gate. The servo opening and closing device.

Further, the communication gate is located at the side port where the communication hole communicates with the reservoir, and the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate are respectively arranged close to the two ports of the diversion hole .

Further, the connection between the communication hole and the diversion hole is arranged close to the front diversion gate.

Further, the elevation difference between the bottom of the flood discharge tunnel and the checked flood level of the reservoir, and the elevation difference between the diversion tunnel and the bottom of the flood discharge tunnel are not greater than 160 meters.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

The vent hole structure of the super-high dam reservoir above 200 meters of the present invention can divide the pressure of the front diversion gate and the front and rear diversion through the communication hole through the front and rear diversion gates in the diversion tunnel and the setting of the communicating hole. The gates share the pressure, so that the water pressure of the gates in the diversion tunnel can be reduced, and diversion tunnels can be set near the bottom of the reservoir for venting, so as to solve the problem of venting of super high dam reservoirs.

Another object of the present invention is to propose the layout method of the above-mentioned 200 meters above super high dam reservoir emptying cavity structure, this method comprises the following steps:

Step 1. Set diversion tunnels in the mountain near the bottom of the reservoir;

Step 2, setting a front diversion gate and a rear diversion gate at intervals in the diversion tunnel;

Step 3, setting a flood discharge tunnel in the mountain above the diversion tunnel;

Step 4, a flood gate is set in the flood tunnel;

Step 5: Set up a communication hole in the mountain, make one end of the communication hole communicate with the diversion hole at a position between the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate, and make the The other end of the communication hole is connected to the reservoir at a position between the elevation of the diversion tunnel and the flood discharge tunnel;

Step 6. Water pressure gauges are respectively installed on the upstream and downstream sides of the front diversion gate;

Step 7, setting a communication gate in the communication hole, and setting a servo opening and closing device at the communication gate.

Further, in step 3, the elevation difference between the diversion tunnel and the bottom of the flood discharge tunnel, and the elevation difference between the bottom of the flood discharge tunnel and the checked flood level of the reservoir are not greater than 160 meters.

Further, in step 2, the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate are respectively arranged close to the two ports of the diversion tunnel.

Further, in step seven, the communication gate is arranged at the side port where the communication hole communicates with the reservoir.

At the same time, the present invention also provides a method for using the vent structure of a superhigh dam reservoir above 200 meters above, the method comprising:

When storing water in the reservoir, open the front diversion gate and connecting gate, close the rear diversion gate and flood discharge gate, and close the front diversion gate until the water level of the reservoir rises to the normal water storage level after the water level of the reservoir rises above the connecting gate;

When the reservoir is emptied, first open the flood gate, wait until the water level of the reservoir reaches the bottom of the flood tunnel, then open the front diversion gate and the rear diversion gate at the same time, until the reservoir is emptied.

The present invention adopts the vent hole structure of super-high dam reservoirs over 200 meters obtained by adopting the above-mentioned arrangement method, and can set vent holes near the bottom of the reservoir, and can solve the venting of super-high dam reservoirs over 200 meters under the current gate technical level. question.

Description of drawings

The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the vent hole structure of the super-high dam reservoir more than 200 meters described in the embodiment of the present invention;

Explanation of reference signs:

1-reservoir, 2-mountain, 3-bottom of the reservoir, 4-normal water storage level, 5-spill tunnel, 51-bottom of the cave, 6-spill gate, 7-diversion tunnel, 8-front diversion gate, 9- Rear diversion gate, 10-communication hole, 11-communication gate.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

This embodiment relates to a vent hole structure of a super-high dam reservoir above 200 meters, as shown in Figure 1, the vent hole structure is arranged on the mountain body 2, and a reservoir 1 is formed on one side of the mountain body 2, and the vent hole structure is used In connecting both sides of the mountain body 2, the emptying operation of the reservoir 1 is realized. In terms of specific structure, the emptying tunnel structure of this embodiment includes a diversion tunnel 7 arranged in the mountain body 2 at a position close to the bottom 3 of the reservoir 1, and a flood discharge tunnel 5 arranged in the mountain body 2 above the diversion tunnel 7, A flood discharge gate 51 is provided in the flood discharge tunnel 5 , and a front diversion gate 8 and a rear diversion gate 9 are arranged in intervals in the diversion tunnel 7 .

In this embodiment, the emptying hole structure further includes a communication hole 10 arranged in the mountain body 2, one end of the communication hole 10 is connected to the diversion hole 7 between the front diversion gate 8 and the rear diversion gate 9, and communicates The other end of the hole 10 is opened in the reservoir 1 at the position between the diversion tunnel 7 and the flood discharge tunnel 5, so as to realize communication with the reservoir 1, and a communication gate 11 is also provided in the communication hole 10, and in this embodiment In terms of specific settings, the communication gate 11 is also located at the side port where the communication hole 10 communicates with the reservoir 1 .

In addition, in this embodiment, water pressure gauges not shown in the figure are respectively provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the front diversion gate 8 in the diversion tunnel 7, and the communication gate 11 in the communication hole 10 is also provided with There is a servo opening and closing device for receiving the pressure difference signal between the water pressure gauges on both sides of the front diversion gate 8, thereby driving the communication gate 11 to open and close. The servo opening and closing device is controlled by an existing closed-loop control module such as PLC. of the motor.

In this embodiment, the front diversion gate 8 and the rear diversion gate 9 are respectively arranged close to the two ports of the diversion hole 7, and the connection between the communication hole 10 and the diversion hole 7 is also close to the front diversion gate. 8 layout. In addition, in terms of elevation setting, the elevation difference between the bottom 51 of the flood discharge tunnel 5 and the checked flood level of the reservoir 1 in this embodiment is not more than 160, such as it can be designed for 110 meters, and at the same time, the diversion tunnel 7 and the flood discharge The elevation difference between the hole bottoms 51 of the hole 5 is also no more than 160, for example, it can also be 110 meters.

In this embodiment, the walls of the flood discharge tunnel 5, the diversion tunnel 7 and the communication tunnel 10 should be well sealed, and the diameter of the communication tunnel 10 is 50-200 cm. When the vent hole structure is constructed in detail, the diversion tunnel 7 is set in the mountain body 2 near the bottom 3 of the reservoir 1, and then the front diversion gate 8 and the rear diversion gate 8 arranged at intervals are arranged in the diversion tunnel 7. Flow Gate 9. Then, above the diversion tunnel 7, a flood discharge tunnel 5 is set in the mountain body 2, and a flood discharge gate 6 is set in the flood discharge tunnel 5. Then, a communication hole 10 is set in the mountain body 2, and one end of the communication hole 10 is connected to the diversion hole 7 at a position between the front diversion gate 8 and the rear diversion gate 9, and the other end of the communication hole 10 is connected to the diversion hole 7. The position between the diversion tunnel 7 and the flood discharge tunnel 5 is connected to the reservoir 1, and finally a communication gate 11 is set in the communication tunnel 10, and a water pressure gauge is set on both sides of the front diversion gate 8, and a water pressure gauge is set at the communication gate 11. The servo opening and closing device that is connected with the water pressure gauge on both sides above-mentioned just gets final product.

Among them, according to the specific situation, the actual construction may be different from the above steps, and in the specific layout construction, the elevation difference between the diversion tunnel 7 and the bottom 11 of the flood discharge tunnel 5, and the bottom 11 of the flood discharge tunnel 5 The elevation difference from the checked flood level of the reservoir 1 should not be greater than 160 meters. The front diversion gate 8 and the rear diversion gate 9 are respectively arranged close to the two ports of the diversion tunnel 7, while the connecting gate 11 is arranged at the connecting port. At the side port where the hole 10 communicates with the reservoir 1. In addition, the diversion tunnel 7 and the flood discharge tunnel 5 of this embodiment can also be reconstructed from the diversion tunnel structure during the project construction period, so that it is not necessary to backfill with concrete after the project is completed, and the project cost can be reduced.

The vent hole structure of the superhigh dam reservoir above 200 meters in this embodiment is in use, and the water pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the diversion gate 8 is used as the control standard, and the connection between the connecting hole 10 and the reservoir 1 is controlled by a servo opening and closing device. In this way, the water pressure on the downstream side of the front diversion gate 8 in the diversion tunnel 7 is controlled so that the water pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the front diversion gate 8 is within the pressure range that the gate can withstand. During specific operation, if the reservoir 1 stores water, the front diversion gate 8 and the communication gate 11 are opened, the rear diversion gate 9 and the flood discharge gate 6 are closed, and after the water level of the reservoir 1 rises above the communication gate 11, the front diversion gate is closed. Flow gate 8, and rise to normal storage level 4 to reservoir 1 water level.

After the storage of reservoir 1 is completed, the water pressure on the upstream surface of the front diversion gate 8 is the water depth of the reservoir 1, and the water pressure on the downstream surface is the depth of the connecting hole 10. The comprehensive pressure on the front diversion gate 8 is: reservoir 1 The depth of water-the depth of the communication hole 10, and then share the water pressure of the front diversion gate. And when reservoir 1 is emptied, then first open flood gate 6, wait for the water level of reservoir 1 to reach the hole bottom 51 position of flood discharge tunnel 5, then open front diversion gate 8 and rear diversion gate 9 at the same time, and get final product until reservoir 1 is vented .

The vent hole structure of the super high dam reservoir above 200 meters of the present embodiment can pass the partial pressure of the front diversion gate 8 through the communication hole 10 through the front and rear diversion gates in the diversion tunnel 7, and the communication hole 10, and The pressure shared by the front and rear diversion gates can reduce the water pressure of the gate in the diversion tunnel 7, so that the diversion tunnel 7 can be set near the reservoir bottom 3 for emptying, which can be solved under the current gate technology level. The venting problem of super high dam reservoirs above 200 meters.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (8)

1. A venting cavity structure for super high dam reservoirs above 200 meters, characterized in that: Including the diversion tunnel (7) set in the mountain body (2) at the elevation of the reservoir bottom (3) of the reservoir (1), and the flood discharge tunnel (7) set in the mountain body (2) above the diversion tunnel (7) 5), a flood discharge gate (6) is provided on the upstream side of the flood discharge tunnel (5), and a front diversion gate (8) and a rear diversion gate are respectively provided on the upstream and downstream sides of the diversion tunnel (7). gate(9); It also includes a communication hole (10) arranged in the mountain body (2), the diameter of the communication hole (10) is 50-200cm, and one end of the communication hole (10) is connected to the front diversion gate In the diversion tunnel (7) between (8) and the rear diversion gate (9), the other end of the communication hole (10) is located at the height of the diversion tunnel (7) and the flood discharge The hole (5) is located between elevations and opens into the reservoir (1), and a communication gate (11) is provided at the opening end of the communication hole (10); The upstream side and the downstream side of the front diversion gate (8) are respectively equipped with water pressure gauges, and the communication gate (11) is provided with a pressure difference signal on both sides of the front diversion gate (8), And the servo opening and closing device that drives the opening and closing of the communication gate (11); The use method of the emptying cavity structure of the superhigh dam reservoir above 200 meters includes: When the reservoir (1) stores water, open the front diversion gate (8) and the connecting gate (11), close the rear diversion gate (9) and the flood gate (6), and wait until the water level of the reservoir (1) rises to the connecting gate (11) ) above, close the front diversion gate (8), until the water level of the reservoir (1) rises to the normal water storage level (4); When the reservoir is emptied, the flood gate (6) is first opened, and the front diversion gate (8) and the rear diversion gate (9) are opened at the same time when the water level of the reservoir (1) is close to the bottom (51) of the flood discharge tunnel (5). ), until the reservoir (1) is emptied. 2. According to claim 1, the super-high dam reservoir venting structure with a height of more than 200 meters is characterized in that: the communication gate (11) is located on a side where the communication hole (10) communicates with the reservoir (1). At the side port, the front diversion gate (8) and the rear diversion gate (9) are respectively arranged close to the two ports of the diversion hole (7). 3. According to claim 2, the super-high dam reservoir structure with a height of more than 200 meters is characterized in that: the connection between the communication hole (10) and the diversion hole (7) is close to the front diversion The gate (8) is arranged. 4. According to any one of claims 1 to 3, the venting cavity structure of a super-high dam reservoir with a height of more than 200 meters is characterized in that: the bottom (51) of the flood discharge tunnel (5) is connected to the reservoir (1) Checking the elevation difference of the flood level, and the elevation difference between the diversion tunnel (7) and the bottom (51) of the flood discharge tunnel (5) are not greater than 160 meters. 5. a method for arranging the vent structure of the superhigh dam reservoir more than 200 meters as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the method comprises the steps of: Step 1. Set up a diversion tunnel (7) in the mountain (2) near the bottom of the reservoir (1) (3); Step 2, setting a front diversion gate (8) and a rear diversion gate (9) at intervals in the diversion tunnel (7); Step 3, setting a flood discharge tunnel (5) in the mountain (2) above the diversion tunnel (7); Step 4, setting a flood discharge gate (6) in the flood discharge tunnel (5); Step 5. Set a communication hole (10) in the mountain (2), so that one end of the communication hole (10) is between the front diversion gate (8) and the rear diversion gate (9) The location of the diversion tunnel (7) is connected to the diversion tunnel (7), and the other end of the communication hole (10) is connected to the In the reservoir (1); Step 6. Install water pressure gauges on the upstream and downstream sides of the front diversion gate (8); Step 7, setting a communication gate (11) in the communication hole (10), and setting a servo opening and closing device at the communication gate (11). 6. The method for arranging the venting tunnel structure of a super-high dam above 200 meters according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step 3, the diversion tunnel (7) and the bottom of the flood discharge tunnel (5) ( 51) and the elevation difference between the bottom (51) of the flood discharge tunnel (5) and the checked flood level of the reservoir (1) are not greater than 160 meters. 7. The method for arranging the venting cavity structure of a super-high dam above 200 meters according to claim 6, characterized in that: in step 2, the front diversion gate (8) and the rear diversion gate (9) They are respectively arranged close to the two ports of the diversion hole (7). 8. The method for arranging the empty cavity structure of a super-high dam above 200 meters according to claim 6, characterized in that: in step seven, the connecting gate (11) is connected between the connecting hole (10) and the reservoir (1) Arranged at the port on the connected side.

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