CN107129347A - 一种生物炭基缓控有机肥的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物炭基缓控有机肥的制备方法，其特征在于，所述有机肥是由农作物秸秆、沼渣、沼液、畜禽动物粪便、蚯蚓粪和其他营养物质为原料制备而成。其中所述有机肥的制备原料以重量计，秸秆50‑60份，沼渣10‑20份，沼液5‑10份、矿物质5‑10份。本发明的高效有机肥依据厌氧消化技术、生物炭高温煅烧以及通过高效养殖蚯蚓获得蚯蚓粪的方法制备。得到的高效有机肥可以直接还田利用，不用追肥，具有低成本、高效益的特点，既能有效解决废弃物对环境的污染问题、减少蚊蝇滋生和土壤板结，又能缩短有机肥的生产时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物肥料技术领域，具体涉及一种生物炭基缓控有机肥的制备方法。
背景技术
我国秸秆产量大，处理困难，农民多采用路边焚烧，该方法严重污染环境的同时也为人身财产安全带来严重的隐患。另一方面，已秸秆制备生物炭的技术逐渐成熟，且生物炭是多孔物质，能够吸附并释放营养物质，不仅能优化土壤结构，还能促进土壤中微生物群落的生存和繁衍，同时对作物生长起到积极的作用。然而生物炭本身不含有养分，直接使用会将土壤中的养分吸附，不利用作物的生长。为解决上述问题，本发明以农作物秸秆、畜禽动物粪便和沼渣为原料，通过高效蚯蚓养殖技术来获得一种生物炭基缓控有机肥。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述要解决的技术问题提供一种以农作物秸秆、畜禽动物粪便和沼渣为原料，通过高效的蚯蚓养殖技术获得了一种生物炭基缓控有机肥的制备方法。该技术生产的有机肥营养丰富、缓控释放营养，无需追肥，可改善土壤板结现状，恢复土壤的生态功能。
该方法依据厌氧消化技术、生物炭高温煅烧以及蚯蚓高效养殖方法，利用生物炭的多孔、吸附性通过蚯蚓的代谢，吸附大量营养物质，配合矿物质的营养成分制备出高效有机肥，实现生物质固废的绿色、循环、高效利用。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明采用的技术方案包括以下步骤：
1）先将矿物质和沼渣按质量比为1:(3-5)进行预混合；
2）将混合物制备生物炭，在高温管式炉，氮气气氛下加热，热解升温速率为25℃/min，热解温度为600℃状态下热解3 h。冷却，烘干，研磨，80目筛网筛分，干燥保存待用；
3）秸秆粉碎至1-2 cm，与畜禽粪便按C/N比为15-35:1比例混合并充分搅拌均匀，然后用浓度为2 w%的尿素或1 mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH在6.2-8.0的范围，湿度65-75%，于50-70℃温度下反应5-10天，得到秸秆发酵物；
4）将生物炭与秸秆发酵物按3：7的比例混合后用于蚯蚓养殖，待蚯蚓大量繁殖后，刮除蚯蚓粪，并用粉碎机将蚯蚓粪粉碎后过20目筛（取筛下率）；
5）控制有机肥的湿度在30%左右，制得有机肥产品。
所述蚯蚓养殖，其蚯蚓与秸秆发酵物的比例为500-600条/m2。
本发明的优点和有益效果是：
该方法工艺简单、成本低，能改善现有土壤营养缺乏现状，满足作物生长的基本需求；生物炭缓释释放肥料养分，提高肥料养分利用率；降低肥料中营养成分随水流失，有效恢复土壤的生态功能。
具体实施方式
本发明通过以下实施例进一步详述，但本实施例所叙述的技术内容是说明性的，而不是限定性的，不应依此来局限本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：
1）将玉米秸秆粉碎至1cm，用牛粪调节C/N值在25:1。35℃条件下进行厌氧消化产气，消化后的沼渣粉碎，过20目筛网（取筛下率），于105℃烘干备用；
2）沼渣制备生物炭，在高温管式炉，氮气气氛下加热，热解升温速率为25℃/min，热解温度为600℃状态下热解3h。冷却，烘干，研磨，80目筛网筛分，保存在干燥器中待用；
3）玉米秸秆粉碎至1cm，与牛粪按C/N比为20:1比例混合并充分搅拌均匀，然后用浓度为2 w%的尿素或盐酸调节pH在6.2，湿度65%，于50℃温度下反应8天，得到秸秆发酵物；
4）将生物炭与秸秆发酵物按3:7的比例混合后用于蚯蚓养殖，待蚯蚓大量繁殖后，刮除蚯蚓粪，用粉碎机将蚯蚓粪粉碎后过20目筛（取筛下率）；
5）将矿物质按比例均匀喷洒在粉碎后的有机肥中并不断搅拌均匀，控制有机肥的湿度在30%，制得有机肥产品。
其中，所述的矿物质各组分的重量百分比为：
磷矿粉 10%
鸟粪石 2.5%
腐殖酸 5%
钾长石 5%。
实施例2：
1）将稻秆、麦秆粉碎至2cm，用鸡粪调节C/N值在25:1。35℃条件下进行厌氧消化产气，消化后的沼渣粉碎，过20目筛网（取筛下率），于105℃烘干备用；
2）沼渣制备生物炭，在高温管式炉，氮气气氛下加热，热解升温速率为25℃/min，热解温度为600℃状态下热解3h。冷却，烘干，研磨，80目筛网筛分，保存在干燥器中待用；
3）稻秆、麦秆粉碎至3cm，与牛粪按C/N比为35:1比例混合并充分搅拌均匀，然后用浓度为2 w%的尿素或盐酸调节pH在8.0，湿度70%，于60℃温度下反应10天，得到秸秆发酵物；
4）将生物炭与蚯蚓基质按3：7的比例混合后用于蚯蚓养殖，待蚯蚓大量繁殖后，刮除蚯蚓粪，用粉碎机将蚯蚓粪粉碎后过20目筛（取筛下率）；
5）将矿物质按比例均匀喷洒在粉碎后的有机肥中并不断搅拌均匀，控制有机肥的湿度在30%，制得有机肥产品。
其中，所述的矿物质各组分的重量百分比为：
磷矿粉 10%
鸟粪石 2.5%
腐殖酸 5%
钾长石 5%。
Claims (6)
1.一种生物炭基缓控有机肥的制备方法，其特征在于，由沼渣和矿物质为原料制备而成。首先，将矿物质和沼渣按质量比为1:(3-5)进行预混合，所得混合物再经高温煅烧制备生物炭；其次，将生物炭按质量比3:7的比例加入秸秆发酵物中混合；最后，以生物炭和秸秆发酵物的混合物养殖蚯蚓并获得蚯蚓粪。最终得到的蚯蚓粪为其所述的高效生物有机肥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的沼渣，其特征在于：是一种或两种以上农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便为原料厌氧消化后的混合物。农作物秸秆包括玉米秸秆、麦秆、稻秆、甜高粱秸秆等常见农作物秸秆。畜禽粪便包括牛粪、猪粪、鸡粪、羊粪等常见畜禽动物粪便。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生物炭制备，其特征在于：生物炭煅烧条件为：高温、氮气气氛下加热，热解升温速率为25℃/min，热解温度为600℃状态下热解3h。冷却，烘干，研磨，80目筛网筛分，保存在干燥器中待用。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的秸秆发酵物，其特征在于：秸秆粉碎后与畜禽粪便按C/N比为(20-35):1比例混合并充分搅拌均匀，然后用浓度为2 w%的尿素或1 mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH在6.2-8.0的范围内，湿度65-75%，于50-70℃温度下反应5-10天。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的矿物质，其特征在于，所述的矿物质各组分的重量百分比为：
磷矿粉 10-15%
鸟粪石 2.5%
钾长石 5%。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的低成本高效生物有机肥的制备方法，其特征在于，其包括如下步骤：
（1）将矿物质和沼渣预混，然后经高温煅烧制备生物炭；
（2）将生物炭与秸秆发酵物按质量比为3:7的比例混合；
（4）将生物炭和秸秆发酵物用于蚯蚓养殖，待蚯蚓大量繁殖后，刮除蚯蚓粪，用粉碎机粉碎后过20目筛（取筛下率）。控制有机肥的湿度在30%左右，所得的为其所述的高效生物有机肥。
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| CN113603534A (zh) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-05 | 黑龙江奥创生物科技发展有限公司 | 一种蚯蚓粪肥料的制备方法 |
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| CN108441227A (zh) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-08-24 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | 一种土壤调理剂及其施用方法 |
| CN113603534A (zh) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-05 | 黑龙江奥创生物科技发展有限公司 | 一种蚯蚓粪肥料的制备方法 |
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