CN107128999A - 一种用于城市污水处理的药剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于城市污水处理的药剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107128999A
CN107128999A CN201710485597.7A CN201710485597A CN107128999A CN 107128999 A CN107128999 A CN 107128999A CN 201710485597 A CN201710485597 A CN 201710485597A CN 107128999 A CN107128999 A CN 107128999A
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殷翠萍
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于城市污水处理的药剂，由以下原料按照重量份组成：硫酸铁4‑8份、氢氧化钙1‑3份、硫化钡5‑12份、聚丙酰胺3‑5份、粉煤灰15‑27份、光卤石8‑15份、铝灰渣10‑18份、龙须眼子菜2‑5份、凤眼莲3‑9份、农作物废物50‑75份、城镇污泥25‑40份和石墨烯6‑15份。本发明还公布了该药剂的制备方法和使用方法。本发明中通过各组组分之间的协同作用，可以对重金属离子进行沉淀和吸附，对于有机物可以进行吸收，对于氮、磷、钾、钙等多种元机元素有较强的富集作用，各组分之间不会相互影响，从而可以将城市污水中的有害物质清除，达到人们的使用需求，具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。

Description

一种用于城市污水处理的药剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理领域，具体是一种用于城市污水处理的药剂。
背景技术
随着经济的高速发展，保护和合理利用水资源成为人们普遍关注的重要问题，城市污水处理在城市现代化建设中占据着举足轻重的地位。水污染与缺水是我国面临的严重环境问题之一。据统计，自1985年以来我国污水年排放量一直维持在350亿-400亿m3左右。我国城市污水处理率在1991年仅为3.3％，大量的污水直接排放造成全国532条河流中的82％受到不同程度的污染。大量的污水直接排放，不仅破坏生态，加剧水荒，还严重地危害着工农业的生产和人类的健康和安全。
污水处理是人们研究的重点，水处理方法经过多年研究，已经形成了许多种类的处理技术，有物理、化学、生物以及综合处理技术。物理法多采用离子交换、过滤、电场、磁场和光处理等方法，当水质污染比较严重时，这些方法的处理效果不稳定；化学法需要加入大量的化学药剂，且各种药剂的投入本身也会带来水质的二次污染，同时，为解决结垢、腐蚀和细菌藻类等问题所加入的药剂之间也会相互影响，产生副作用而影响综合处理效果；生物法需要的场地大，设备投资大。这些都为人们的使用带来了不便。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于城市污水处理的药剂，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种用于城市污水处理的药剂，由以下原料按照重量份组成：硫酸铁4-8份、氢氧化钙1-3份、硫化钡5-12份、聚丙酰胺3-5份、粉煤灰15-27份、光卤石8-15份、铝灰渣10-18份、龙须眼子菜2-5份、凤眼莲3-9份、农作物废物50-75份、城镇污泥25-40份和石墨烯6-15份。
作为本发明进一步的方案：农作物废物采用稻谷壳、麦壳、花生壳、稻草、麦草、玉米杆、高粱杆和棉花杆中的一种或者几种的混合物。
作为本发明进一步的方案：硫酸铁、氢氧化钙和硫化钡的粒径均为0.08-0.6mm。
所述用于城市污水处理的药剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将光卤石粉碎至30-50目后浸泡在0.5-0.8mol/L的盐酸中25-40分钟，然后利用超声波震荡清洗10-18分钟，用去离子水洗至中性，再浸泡在0.3-0.6mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中12-25分钟，再用去离子水洗至中性，即可得到改性光卤石；
步骤二，将改性光卤石、硫酸铁、氢氧化钙和硫化钡加入粉碎机粉碎至150-180目粉末，再加入聚丙烯胺，搅拌加热至110-130摄氏度并且保持4-6小时，得到第一混合物；
步骤三，将凤眼莲和龙须眼子菜晒干并且粉碎成20-50目粉末，再将粉末放入用无水乙醇浸泡过的茶叶包中，将装有粉末的茶叶包放入提取器中，将乙醇溶液倒入烧杯中并且水浴加热进行萃取，萃取液完全变色时停止萃取，再对萃取液进行蒸发浓缩，然后干燥成粉末，即可得到凤眼莲萃取粉末和龙须眼子菜萃取粉末；
步骤四，将农作物废物晒干至水分低于3％，再将农作物废物和城镇污泥投入煅烧炉，得到第二混合物；
步骤五，将石墨烯粉碎至240-300目，再将第一混合物、凤眼莲萃取粉末、龙须眼子菜萃取粉末、第二混合物、粉煤灰、铝灰渣和石墨烯混合，在50-65摄氏度下加热并且搅拌0.5-2小时，即可得到成品。
作为本发明进一步的方案：步骤三中水浴的温度为35-48摄氏度。
所述用于城市污水处理的药剂的使用方法，具体步骤如下：将该药剂投入污水中并且搅拌均匀即可。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明原料来源广泛，制备工艺简单，生产设备投资成本低，适用于大规模的工业化生产；本发明中通过各组组分之间的协同作用，可以对重金属离子进行沉淀和吸附，对于有机物可以进行吸收，对于氮、磷、钾、钙等多种元机元素有较强的富集作用，各组分之间不会相互影响，从而可以将城市污水中的有害物质清除，达到人们的使用需求，具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
一种用于城市污水处理的药剂，由以下原料按照重量份组成：硫酸铁4份、氢氧化钙1份、硫化钡5份、聚丙酰胺3份、粉煤灰15份、光卤石8份、铝灰渣10份、龙须眼子菜2份、凤眼莲3份、农作物废物50份、城镇污泥25份和石墨烯6份。农作物废物采用稻谷壳、稻草、麦草、高粱杆和棉花杆的混合物。
所述用于城市污水处理的药剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将光卤石粉碎至30目后浸泡在0.5mol/L的盐酸中25分钟，然后利用超声波震荡清洗10分钟，用去离子水洗至中性，再浸泡在0.3mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中12分钟，再用去离子水洗至中性，即可得到改性光卤石；
步骤二，将改性光卤石、硫酸铁、氢氧化钙和硫化钡加入粉碎机粉碎至150目粉末，再加入聚丙烯胺，搅拌加热至110摄氏度并且保持4小时，得到第一混合物；
步骤三，将凤眼莲和龙须眼子菜晒干并且粉碎成20目粉末，再将粉末放入用无水乙醇浸泡过的茶叶包中，将装有粉末的茶叶包放入提取器中，将乙醇溶液倒入烧杯中并且水浴加热进行萃取，萃取液完全变色时停止萃取，再对萃取液进行蒸发浓缩，然后干燥成粉末，即可得到凤眼莲萃取粉末和龙须眼子菜萃取粉末；
步骤四，将农作物废物晒干至水分低于3％，再将农作物废物和城镇污泥投入煅烧炉，得到第二混合物；
步骤五，将石墨烯粉碎至240目，再将第一混合物、凤眼莲萃取粉末、龙须眼子菜萃取粉末、第二混合物、粉煤灰、铝灰渣和石墨烯混合，在50摄氏度下加热并且搅拌0.5小时，即可得到成品。
所述用于城市污水处理的药剂的使用方法，具体步骤如下：将该药剂投入污水中并且搅拌均匀即可。
实施例2
一种用于城市污水处理的药剂，由以下原料按照重量份组成：硫酸铁6份、氢氧化钙2份、硫化钡9份、聚丙酰胺4份、粉煤灰21份、光卤石12份、铝灰渣14份、龙须眼子菜3.5份、凤眼莲6份、农作物废物62份、城镇污泥33份和石墨烯10份。硫酸铁、氢氧化钙和硫化钡的粒径均为0.15mm。
所述用于城市污水处理的药剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将光卤石粉碎至40目后浸泡在0.6mol/L的盐酸中32分钟，然后利用超声波震荡清洗14分钟，用去离子水洗至中性，再浸泡在0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中18分钟，再用去离子水洗至中性，即可得到改性光卤石；
步骤二，将改性光卤石、硫酸铁、氢氧化钙和硫化钡加入粉碎机粉碎至160目粉末，再加入聚丙烯胺，搅拌加热至118摄氏度并且保持5小时，得到第一混合物；
步骤三，将凤眼莲和龙须眼子菜晒干并且粉碎成40目粉末，再将粉末放入用无水乙醇浸泡过的茶叶包中，将装有粉末的茶叶包放入提取器中，将乙醇溶液倒入烧杯中并且在42摄氏度水浴加热进行萃取，萃取液完全变色时停止萃取，再对萃取液进行蒸发浓缩，然后干燥成粉末，即可得到凤眼莲萃取粉末和龙须眼子菜萃取粉末；
步骤四，将农作物废物晒干至水分低于3％，再将农作物废物和城镇污泥投入煅烧炉，得到第二混合物；
步骤五，将石墨烯粉碎至270目，再将第一混合物、凤眼莲萃取粉末、龙须眼子菜萃取粉末、第二混合物、粉煤灰、铝灰渣和石墨烯混合，在57摄氏度下加热并且搅拌1小时，即可得到成品。
所述用于城市污水处理的药剂的使用方法，具体步骤如下：将该药剂投入污水中并且搅拌均匀即可。
实施例3
一种用于城市污水处理的药剂，由以下原料按照重量份组成：硫酸铁8份、氢氧化钙3份、硫化钡11份、聚丙酰胺5份、粉煤灰25份、光卤石14份、铝灰渣17份、龙须眼子菜5份、凤眼莲8份、农作物废物72份、城镇污泥36份和石墨烯14份。农作物废物采用稻谷壳、麦壳、花生壳、稻草、麦草、玉米杆、高粱杆和棉花杆的混合物。硫酸铁、氢氧化钙和硫化钡的粒径均为0.35mm。
所述用于城市污水处理的药剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将光卤石粉碎至50目后浸泡在0.8mol/L的盐酸中40分钟，然后利用超声波震荡清洗18分钟，用去离子水洗至中性，再浸泡在0.6mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中25分钟，再用去离子水洗至中性，即可得到改性光卤石；
步骤二，将改性光卤石、硫酸铁、氢氧化钙和硫化钡加入粉碎机粉碎至180目粉末，再加入聚丙烯胺，搅拌加热至126摄氏度并且保持6小时，得到第一混合物；
步骤三，将凤眼莲和龙须眼子菜晒干并且粉碎成40目粉末，再将粉末放入用无水乙醇浸泡过的茶叶包中，将装有粉末的茶叶包放入提取器中，将乙醇溶液倒入烧杯中并且在45摄氏度水浴加热进行萃取，萃取液完全变色时停止萃取，再对萃取液进行蒸发浓缩，然后干燥成粉末，即可得到凤眼莲萃取粉末和龙须眼子菜萃取粉末；
步骤四，将农作物废物晒干至水分低于3％，再将农作物废物和城镇污泥投入煅烧炉，得到第二混合物；
步骤五，将石墨烯粉碎至280目，再将第一混合物、凤眼莲萃取粉末、龙须眼子菜萃取粉末、第二混合物、粉煤灰、铝灰渣和石墨烯混合，在63摄氏度下加热并且搅拌2小时，即可得到成品。
所述用于城市污水处理的药剂的使用方法，具体步骤如下：将该药剂投入污水中并且搅拌均匀即可。
凤眼莲和龙须眼子菜可以吸收生活污水中的有机物，也对氮、磷、钾、钙等多种元机元素有较强的富集作用；改性光卤石、硫酸铁、氢氧化钙和硫化钡与聚丙酰胺混合形成胶体，可以对生活污水中的重金属离子进行沉淀和吸附；农作物废物和城镇污泥煅烧后可以使得各种组分的相容性好，不会影响相互之间的作用，石墨烯具有大的比表面积，吸附作用好。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于城市污水处理的药剂，其特征在于，由以下原料按照重量份组成：硫酸铁4-8份、氢氧化钙1-3份、硫化钡5-12份、聚丙酰胺3-5份、粉煤灰15-27份、光卤石8-15份、铝灰渣10-18份、龙须眼子菜2-5份、凤眼莲3-9份、农作物废物50-75份、城镇污泥25-40份和石墨烯6-15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于城市污水处理的药剂，其特征在于，所述农作物废物采用稻谷壳、麦壳、花生壳、稻草、麦草、玉米杆、高粱杆和棉花杆中的一种或者几种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于城市污水处理的药剂，其特征在于，所述硫酸铁、氢氧化钙和硫化钡的粒径均为0.08-0.6mm。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的用于城市污水处理的药剂的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将光卤石粉碎至30-50目后浸泡在0.5-0.8mol/L的盐酸中25-40分钟，然后利用超声波震荡清洗10-18分钟，用去离子水洗至中性，再浸泡在0.3-0.6mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中12-25分钟，再用去离子水洗至中性，即可得到改性光卤石；
步骤二，将改性光卤石、硫酸铁、氢氧化钙和硫化钡加入粉碎机粉碎至150-180目粉末，再加入聚丙烯胺，搅拌加热至110-130摄氏度并且保持4-6小时，得到第一混合物；
步骤三，将凤眼莲和龙须眼子菜晒干并且粉碎成20-50目粉末，再将粉末放入用无水乙醇浸泡过的茶叶包中，将装有粉末的茶叶包放入提取器中，将乙醇溶液倒入烧杯中并且水浴加热进行萃取，萃取液完全变色时停止萃取，再对萃取液进行蒸发浓缩，然后干燥成粉末，即可得到凤眼莲萃取粉末和龙须眼子菜萃取粉末；
步骤四，将农作物废物晒干至水分低于3%，再将农作物废物和城镇污泥投入煅烧炉，得到第二混合物；
步骤五，将石墨烯粉碎至240-300目，再将第一混合物、凤眼莲萃取粉末、龙须眼子菜萃取粉末、第二混合物、粉煤灰、铝灰渣和石墨烯混合，在50-65摄氏度下加热并且搅拌0.5-2小时，即可得到成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于城市污水处理的药剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中水浴的温度为35-48摄氏度。
6.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的用于城市污水处理的药剂的使用方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：将该药剂投入污水中并且搅拌均匀即可。
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