CN107128018A - 一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构 - Google Patents

一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构 Download PDF

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CN107128018A
CN107128018A CN201710457334.5A CN201710457334A CN107128018A CN 107128018 A CN107128018 A CN 107128018A CN 201710457334 A CN201710457334 A CN 201710457334A CN 107128018 A CN107128018 A CN 107128018A
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李平
杨东凯
黄文雪
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MARINE EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd OF HARBIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，属于船用声学技术领域。所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构包括内约束面层、外约束面层和中间的芯层；所述芯层紧密粘合于内约束面层和外约束面层之间；所述内约束面层和外约束面层采用碳纤维增强复合材料制成，所述的芯层由一层或多层三维点阵结构集合形成的三维点阵层体构成；所述芯层的材料与内约束面层和外约束面层的材料相同。所述透声窗与导流罩为一体式，便于一体安装，避免了分体式透声窗的安装结构对换能器性能的影响。

Description

一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，属于船用声学技术领域。
背景技术
现代大、中型船艇艏底部大多配置了艏探测综合声呐基阵，为了避免水流对声呐基阵的冲击，使基阵免受“伪声”的直接干扰，通常在声呐基阵外面配置导流罩。装有声呐的船艇球鼻艏导流罩是水下反潜作战的探测窗口。作为设备的工作舱室，船艇球鼻艏导流罩透声窗结构要求具有良好的声学性能、较小的波束畸变、良好的流体动力性能以及较低的自噪声。因此声呐罩的材料、线型和结构的声学设计要在保证船体外形、满足结构强度的前提下，实现良好的声学性能，完成为声呐提供优良服务的主要功能。
声呐导流罩需要透声材料。最早的声呐罩是采用不锈钢材料，壳板薄钢板降低了导流罩的透声性，为了提高壳板材料的透声性能，在钢制材料基础上，发展了钛合金、钢丝网增强橡胶、玻璃钢(GFRP)等壳板材料。上述结构形式在某些方面的性能突出，但其综合性能还不尽理想。尤其在流噪声降低的性能上存在比较大的性能缺陷。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术中的船用导流罩降低流噪声性能较差的技术问题，提出来一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，所采取的技术方案如下：
一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构包括内约束面层1、外约束面层3和中间的芯层2；所述芯层2紧密粘合于内约束面层1和外约束面层3之间；所述内约束面层1和外约束面层3采用纤维增强树脂基复合材料或钛合金制成，所述的芯层2是由三维点阵结构集合形成的三维点阵层体；所述芯层2的材料与内约束面层1和外约束面层3的材料相同。
进一步地，所述内约束面层1和外约束面层3采用玻璃钢或碳纤维增强复合材料制成。
进一步地，所述芯层2的三维点阵结构采用四面体型三维结构、金字塔型三维结构、D kagome型三维结构或钻石型三维结构。
进一步地，所述透声窗与导流罩为一体式，便于一体安装，避免了分体式透声窗的安装结构对换能器性能的影响。
进一步地，所述外约束面层3厚度为0.2～5mm，所述内约束面层1厚度为0.2～5mm，所述芯层2厚度为25～40mm。
本发明有益效果：
本发明提出的船用导流罩点阵夹芯式透声窗结构，通过纤维增强树脂基复合材料内外约束面层与相同材料的点阵式芯层结合形成的夹芯结构，通过改变夹芯结构的物理参数和几何设计来改变整体结构的固有频率，进而通过其物理参数和几何参数的设计,能够阻碍特定频段内的振动的传播,实现结构的隔振以及其它性能的优化。同时，本发明所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯式透声窗通过上述夹芯组合能够有效减少导流罩表面由于湍流脉动激励而产生的透声窗壳板振动，进而降低了换能器表面的自噪声，通过选取适当的结构和材料参数，自噪声最高可降低6dB，相比现有的单层透声窗降噪性能提升了2～5倍；大大降低了流噪声对声呐天线的信号干扰，提高了声呐天线的信号接收的稳定性
此外，本发明提出的船用导流罩点阵夹芯式透声窗结构解决了现有技术中透声窗结构无法兼顾高强度和降噪的问题，实现了高强度和降噪之间的协调兼顾，同时，本发明的导流罩点阵夹芯式透声窗结构在保持高强度的前提下，降噪特性最高可达6dB。
附图说明
图1为本发明的导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构形式。
图2为本发明的芯层三维点阵形式。
(1，内约束面层；2，芯层；3，外约束面层；a，四面体型；b，金字塔型；c，3D kagome型；d，钻石型)
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明不受实施例的限制。
实施例1：
一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构包括内约束面层1、外约束面层3和芯层2；所述芯层2紧密粘合于内约束面层1和外约束面层3之间；所述内约束面层1和外约束面层3采用纤维增强树脂基复合材料，所述的芯层2由一层或多层三维点阵结构集合形成的三维点阵层体构成；所述芯层2的材料与内约束面层1和外约束面层3的材料相同。所述透声窗与导流罩为一体式，便于一体安装，避免了分体式透声窗的安装结构对换能器性能的影响。
其中，所述内约束面层1、芯层2和外约束面层3均采用碳纤维增强复合材料制成。所述芯层2的三维点阵结构采用四面体型三维结构、金字塔型三维结构、D kagome型三维结构或钻石型三维结构。所述外约束面层3厚度为0.2mm，所述内约束面层1厚度为0.2mm，所述芯层2厚度为25mm。
这种设计能够有效减少导流罩表面由于湍流脉动激励下而产生的自噪声；大大降低了流噪声对声呐天线的信号干扰，提高了声呐天线的信号接收的稳定性。
此外，本实施例提出的船用导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构解决了现有技术中透声窗结构无法兼顾高强度和高吸能特性的问题，实现了高强度和高吸能特性之间的协调兼顾，同 时，本发明的导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构在保持高强度的前提下，降噪特性最高可达6dB。
实施例2
一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构包括内约束面层1、外约束面层3和中间的芯层2；所述芯层2紧密粘合于内约束面层1和外约束面层3之间；所述内约束面层1和外约束面层3采用纤维增强树脂基复合材料，所述的芯层2由一层或多层三维点阵结构集合形成的三维点阵层体构成；所述芯层2的材料与内约束面层1和外约束面层3的材料相同。所述透声窗与导流罩为一体式，便于一体安装，避免了分体式透声窗的安装结构对换能器性能的影响。
其中，所述内约束面层1、芯层2和外约束面层3均采用碳纤维增强复合材料制成。所述芯层2的三维点阵结构采用四面体型三维结构、金字塔型三维结构、D kagome型三维结构或钻石型三维结构。所述外约束面层3厚度为3mm，所述内约束面层1厚度为3mm，所述芯层2厚度为30mm。
本实施例提出的船用导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构，实现了导流罩夹芯式透声窗具有插入损失小、比强度高，减少自噪声等优异性能，其中，插入损失降低73％，比强度提高61％，自噪声可降低93％。同时，本发明提出的船用导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构解决了现有技术中透声窗结构无法兼顾高强度和高透声性的问题，实现了高强度和高透声性之间的协调兼顾，其中，本发明的导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构使强度提高70％，在此高强度的情况下，透声性能最高可达95％，本实施例提出的船用导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构综合满足了导流罩的力学、声学以及降噪的要求。
实施例3
一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构包括内约束面层1、外约束面层3和中间的芯层2；所述芯层2紧密粘合于内约束面层1和外约束面层3之间；所述内约束面层1和外约束面层3采用碳纤维增强复合材料制成，所述的芯层2由一层或多层三维点阵结构集合形成的三维点阵层体构成；所述芯层2的材料与内约束面层1和外约束面层3的材料相同。所述透声窗与导流罩为一体式，便于一体安装，避免了分体式透声窗的安装结构对换能器性能的影响。
其中，所述芯层2的三维点阵结构采用四面体型三维结构、金字塔型三维结构、Dkagome型三维结构或钻石型三维结构。所述外约束面层3厚度为5mm，所述内约束面层1厚度为5mm，所述芯层2厚度为40mm。
本实施例提出的船用导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构，实现了导流罩夹芯式透声窗具有插入损失小、比强度高，减少自噪声等优异性能，其中，插入损失降低70％，比强度提高57％，自噪声可降低92％。同时，本发明提出的船用导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构解决了现有技术中透声窗结构无法兼顾高强度和高透声性的问题，实现了高强度和高透声性之间的协调兼顾，其中，本发明的导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构使强度增加70％，在此高强度的情况下，透声性能最高可达93％，本实施例提出的船用导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构综合满足了导流罩的力学、声学以及降噪的要求。
实施例4
本实施例是实施例1的进一步改进，具体的，本实施例中，所述外约束面层3厚度为0.2mm，内约束面层1厚度为5mm或所述外约束面层3厚度为5mm，所述内约束面层1厚度为0.2mm，所述芯层2厚度为40mm。
本实施例提出的船用导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构，通过材料(纤维增强树脂基复合材料)、厚度不同的内外约束面层与相同材料的点阵式芯层结合形成的夹芯结构，实现了导流罩夹芯式透声窗具有插入损失小、比强度高，减少自噪声等优异性能，其中，插入损失降低73％，比强度提高67％，自噪声可降低95％。同时，本发明提出的船用导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构解决了现有技术中透声窗结构无法兼顾高强度和高透声性的问题，实现了高强度和高透声性之间的协调兼顾，其中，本发明的导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构使强度增加76％，在此高强度的情况下，透声性能最高可达94％，本实施例提出的船用导流罩夹芯式透声窗结构综合满足了导流罩的力学、声学以及降噪的要求。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1的不同指出在于，本实施例中内约束面层1、外约束面层3和芯层2均采用玻璃钢材料制成，三部件的位置结构及尺寸与实施例1相同。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1的不同指出在于，本实施例中内约束面层1、外约束面层3和芯层2均采用钛合金制成，三部件的位置结构及尺寸与实施例1相同。
虽然本发明已以较佳的实施例公开如上，但其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以做各种改动和修饰，因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (5)

1.一种船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，其特征在于，所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构包括内约束面层(1)、外约束面层(3)和中间的芯层(2)；所述芯层(2)紧密粘合于内约束面层(1)和外约束面层(3)之间；所述内约束面层(1)和外约束面层(3)采用纤维增强树脂基复合材料或钛合金制成，所述的芯层(2)是由三维点阵结构集合形成的三维点阵层体；所述芯层(2)的材料与内约束面层(1)和外约束面层(3)的材料相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，其特征在于，所述内约束面层(1)和外约束面层(3)采用玻璃钢或碳纤维增强复合材料制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，其特征在于，所述芯层(2)的三维点阵结构采用四面体型三维结构、金字塔型三维结构、D kagome型三维结构或钻石型三维结构。
4.根据权利要求1所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，其特征在于，所述透声窗与导流罩为一体式，便于一体安装，避免了分体式透声窗的安装结构对换能器性能的影响。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一所述船用导流罩点阵夹芯透声窗结构，其特征在于，所述外约束面层(3)厚度为0.2～5mm，所述内约束面层(1)厚度为0.2～5mm，所述芯层(2)厚度为25～40mm。
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