CN107125693A - A kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material - Google Patents
A kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107125693A CN107125693A CN201710291694.2A CN201710291694A CN107125693A CN 107125693 A CN107125693 A CN 107125693A CN 201710291694 A CN201710291694 A CN 201710291694A CN 107125693 A CN107125693 A CN 107125693A
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- gonad
- patinopecten yessoensis
- scallop
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- base material
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/50—Molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/65—Addition of, or treatment with, microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
- A23L27/21—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing amino acids
- A23L27/215—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing amino acids heated in the presence of reducing sugars, e.g. Maillard's non-enzymatic browning
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material, including：The pretreatment of Patinopecten yessoensis gonad, grease are extracted, and the raw material drying after degreasing obtains enzymolysis product, carries out Maillard reaction with enzymolysis product and prepares derivative, and grease, enzymolysis product, derivative are carried out into compatibility obtains feature flavor base material.The present invention is using defatting technology, biological enzymolysis technology and Mei Lade method of modifying, prepare with functional flavor base material, both it ensure that the local flavor of product, remained nutritive value, the demand of modern's a variety of diet is met again, with the features such as raw material is natural, product nutrient is active high.Present invention process is reasonable, easy to operate, and the exploitation for Patinopecten yessoensis raw material have great importance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation of feature flavor base material, Patinopecten yessoensis life is utilized more specifically to one kind
Grow the method that gland prepares feature flavor base material.
Background technology
In recent years, Chinese scallop industry development is rapid, and national scallop culture yield is up to 1,800,000 tons within 2016.But
While scallop high yield, substantial amounts of food industry discarded object is also generated.Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad is given birth to as shellfish post product
Edible accessory substance during production, itself protein content enriches, and reaches 62.89 ± 0.87% (in terms of dry weights), is to prepare
The very good material of enzymolysis protein peptide；In addition its fat content is up to 19.60 ± 0.14% (in terms of dry weights), and is rich in fat-soluble dimension
Raw element carotenoid, with good development prospect.
With the quickening of people's rhythm of life, growth in the living standard, catering industry and various instant food, leisure food
Etc. developing rapidly for relevant food industry, the fast development of foodstuff base material industry has thus been driven.In recent years, flavouring base material was made
The product of meals taste can be improved for a class, it is deep to be liked by consumers in general.Existing flavouring base material is mainly particular about its color
Pool, delicate flavour and local flavor, seldom consider the nutritional ingredient and function of product.And with the enhancing of people's health care consciousness, consumer group
Body increasingly pays close attention to the reasonability and trophism of dietary structure, thus prepare it is a kind of have concurrently it is natural, conveniently, the delicious tune with function
Taste base-material is increasingly favored by people.Peptide is one of important food ingredient, and itself has unique flavor characteristic, because of it
With dissolubility more more preferable than amino acid and performance is digested and assimilated, be widely used in flavoring production；And use external source enzyme hydrolysis
Animal protein, and the atural spice base-material produced by Mei Lade thermal responses has flavor characteristic more more preferable than peptide, and with color
The advantage such as damp strong, local flavor is true to nature, nutritive value is high.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome, existing seafood flavouring base material fragrance is not strong enough, local flavor is not true to nature enough, product
There is provided a kind of mild condition, the Patinopecten yessoensis gonad preparation that technique is simple, production efficiency is high for the single not enough shortcoming of form
The preparation method of feature flavor base material, meets the diversified diet nutritional demand of modern.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, feature flavor base material is prepared the invention provides a kind of utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad
Method, comprises the following steps：
S1, pretreatment of raw material：Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad is taken, after being eluted with water, 5~15min of boiling water bath is homogenized, system
Standby Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad homogenate；
S2, degreasing：N-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol is added into Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad homogenate made from step S1 to mix
Close liquid, extract degreasing, 4~8h is extracted at 50 DEG C, after the extraction process is repeated 1~3 time, suction filtration, gained filter cake with it is described just
Hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor is rinsed, natural air drying, is crushed, and is crossed 100 mesh sieves, is obtained scallop gonad skimmed milk；It is described just oneself
The volume ratio of n-hexane and absolute ethyl alcohol is 2~3 in alkane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor:1, the scallop female reproduction homogenate
Volume ratio with the n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor is 1:8~12；
S3, scallop gonad grease are extracted：Take after step S2 suction filtrations centrifugation 5 under gained filtrate, 3000~5000r/min~
After 15min, lower floor's n-hexane layer solution is collected, rotary evaporation or nitrogen obtain scallop gonad grease after blowing；
S4, enzymolysis：Using scallop gonad skimmed milk made from step S2 as substrate, digested after 3h, used with alkali protease
0.8~1.2mol/L NaOH solution adjusts pH to neutrality, and gonad is made in 85~100 DEG C of heating 10min, enzymolysis reaction
Enzymolysis liquid；
S5, drying：Enzymolysis liquid obtained by step S4 is spray-dried, inlet temperature is 200~250 DEG C, outlet temperature
Spend for 80~90 DEG C, atomizing disk rotating speed is that negative pressure is 7~9Pa in 48Hz, tower, obtains Patinopecten yessoensis gonad zymolyte；
The preparation of S6, Mei Lade derivative：Scallop gonad enzymolysis liquid made from step S4 and ribose are codissolved in water, obtained
To mixed solution, 0.8~1.2mol/L sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO is added3) adjust after pH to 6.0~9.0, carried out in 95 DEG C beautiful
After 6~12h of Maillard reaction, Patinopecten yessoensis gonad enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives are made in spray drying；Enzyme in the mixed solution
Solve 0.5~2.5 of the final concentration of zymolyte final concentration of ribose in the final concentration of 5~15mg/mL of thing, the mixed solution
Times；
S7, full scallop flavor base material compatibility：Take Patinopecten yessoensis gonad grease made from step S3, made from step S5
Two kinds or three in Patinopecten yessoensis gonad enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives made from Patinopecten yessoensis gonad zymolyte or step S6
Plant and carry out compatibility, full scallop flavor base material is made；The building form of the full scallop flavor base material is specially：Patinopecten yessoensis female
Gonad zymolyte+grease (4~6:8~9, g:ML), Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives+grease (1~
3:4~6, g:ML), Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte+Patinopecten yessoensis enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives (3~5:4~6, g:g)
Or Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte+Patinopecten yessoensis enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives+grease (4~6:5~7:9~11, g:g:
mL)。
Under preferred embodiment, step S1 is takes Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad, and boiling water bath 10min goes out interior after being cleaned repeatedly with water
Source enzyme, homogenate, prepares gonad homogenate.
Under preferred embodiment, step S2 is that will add n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol in gonad homogenate made from step S1 to mix
Magnetic agitation extraction 6h at liquid extraction degreasing, 50 DEG C is closed, the extraction process is carried out 2 times altogether, suction filtration, a small amount of institute of gained filter cake
State n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor to rinse, natural air drying, pulverizer is crushed, cross 100 mesh sieves, obtain scallop gonad degreasing
Powder；The volume ratio of n-hexane and absolute ethyl alcohol is 3 in the n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor:1, the scallop female reproduction
Property homogenate and the n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor volume ratio be 1:10.
Under preferred embodiment, centrifugal condition described in step S3 is that 4000r/min centrifuges 10min；Lower floor's n-hexane layer solution, warp
Scallop gonad grease is obtained after 40 DEG C or 45 DEG C of rotary evaporations.
Under preferred embodiment, the concrete operations of enzyme digestion reaction described in step S4 are：
S41, the protein content using scallop gonad skimmed milk made from triumphant formula nitriding determination step S2；
S42, using water as solvent, weigh scallop gonad skimmed milk made from step S2, prepare concentration of substrate (with protein
Meter) be 4g/100mL scallop gonad protein suspension；
S43, into scallop gonad protein solution made from step S42 by 3000 (U/g substrate proteins) add alkalescence
Protease, pH to 8.5,50 DEG C of enzymolysis 3h are adjusted with 1.0mol/L NaOH solution.
Being spray-dried condition of work under preferred embodiment, described in step S5 is：230 DEG C of inlet temperature, 85 DEG C of outlet temperature, mist
It is that negative pressure is 8Pa in 48Hz, tower to change disk rotating speed.
Under preferred embodiment, in mixed solution described in step S6, the final concentration of 10mg/mL of zymolyte, ribose is final concentration of
20mg/mL；And the sodium bicarbonate regulation pH that 1mol/L is added into mixed solution is heated to 95 DEG C of holding 12h to 7.0.
Under preferred embodiment, the compatibility combination of full scallop flavor base material described in step S7 includes：Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad
Zymolyte+grease (5:9, g:ML), Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives+grease (2:5, g:ML), shrimp is razed
Scallop female gonad zymolyte+Patinopecten yessoensis enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives (4:5, g:G), Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad is digested
Thing+Patinopecten yessoensis enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives+grease (5:6:10, g:g:mL).
It is because rich in grease that step S1, which chooses female gonad,.
It is in order to avoid directly using shrimp using scallop gonad skimmed milk made from step S2 as substrate when step S4 is digested
Smooth scallop gonad is digested and produces emulsus layer.
The technological innovation of the present invention is：
1st, the inventive method improves the utilization rate of edible accessory substance in Patinopecten yessoensis post process, make its albumen and
Oil resource is fully developed utilization, and the exploitation to scallop gonad resource are significant.
2nd, the present invention in Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad raw material carry out grease extraction process, skimmed milk is digested and
Maillard reaction processing.By different compatibility modes, oil-containing and the not full scallop flavor base material of oil-containing can be obtained, is met existing
For the diversified diet nutritional demand of people.
3rd, biological enzymolysis processing is carried out to Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad skimmed milk in the present invention, using alkali protease,
Action condition is gentle, and reaction is easily controlled, and not only ensure that the release of delicious amino acid in zymolyte, while being also enriched in required ammonia
Base acid, had both ensured the local flavor of product, nutritive value is remained again.
4th, the present invention is modified Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte using Maillard reaction, obtains a variety of volatilizations
Property flavor components, while strengthening the color and luster of product, both ensured the generation of flavor substance, be easy to follow-up full scallop flavor base material again
Compatibility.
5th, it is contemplated that developing full scallop flavor base material, by Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad grease, Patinopecten yessoensis female
Gonad zymolyte and Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad enzymolysis Mei Lade derivative compositions, can be carried out various according to different demands
Compatibility.
6th, operating process of the present invention is simple, and rational technology is workable, it is not necessary to complicated equipment, can expire
Sufficient consumer is to natural, delicious and trophic function multiple demand.
This patent carries out grease extraction process to Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad, and skimmed milk is digested and Mei Lade is anti-
It should handle and not only obtain the grease rich in carotenoid, while reducing influence of the lipid to subsequently digesting, be fanned by being razed with shrimp
Shellfish female gonad zymolyte and the different compatibility mode of Mei Lade derivatives, can be obtained containing grease and not grease-contained " full fan
Shellfish " flavor base material, fully meets the diversified diet nutritional demand of modern.So far, in disclosed file, also not
Saw using scallop gonad to prepare the report of feature flavor base material.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the brightness value (L of Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte and Mei Lade derivatives under the differential responses time
Value)；
Fig. 2 is the red scale value (a of Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte and Mei Lade derivatives under the differential responses time
Value)；
Fig. 3 is the yellow value degree (b of Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte and Mei Lade derivatives under the differential responses time
Value).
Embodiment
Following non-limiting examples can make one of ordinary skill in the art be more fully understood the present invention, but not with
Any mode limits the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material, by following process steps：
1st, pretreatment of raw material：Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad is taken, boiling water bath 10min makes endogenous enzymes after being cleaned repeatedly with clear water
Inactivation, homogenate, prepares gonad homogenate；
2nd, degreasing：Gonad homogenate is taken, n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol (3 of 10 times of volumes is added:1, v:V) mixed liquor,
50 DEG C of extraction 6h, extraction process is carried out 2 times, is removed gained filter cake after fat, suction filtration and is rinsed with a small amount of mixed solvent, natural wind
Dry, pulverizer is crushed, and is crossed 100 mesh sieves, is obtained scallop gonad skimmed milk；
3rd, scallop female gonad grease is extracted：Extract obtained above is centrifuged in centrifuge through 4000r/min
After 10min, lower floor's n-hexane layer solution is collected, scallop gonad grease is obtained after 40 DEG C of rotary evaporations；
4th, digest：Scallop gonad skimmed milk using above-mentioned preparation determines scallop reproduction as substrate using triumphant formula nitriding
Protein content in gland skimmed milk is 77.22% (in terms of skimmed milk), prepares concentration of substrate (with proteinometer) for 4g/
During 100mL scallop gonad protein suspension, 5.18g/100mL scallop gonad skimmed milk suspension need to be prepared.With
Enzyme digestion reaction is carried out by toolenzyme of alkali protease afterwards, wherein enzymatic hydrolysis condition is：Enzyme dosage 3000 (U/g substrate proteins),
PH8.5, temperature 50 C, enzymolysis time 3h.Adjust pH to neutrality after enzymolysis, go out enzyme 10min in 100 DEG C, obtains scallop gonad enzyme
Solve liquid；
5th, dry：Scallop gonad zymolyte is spray-dried, its condition of work is：230 DEG C of inlet temperature, outlet
85 DEG C of temperature, atomizing disk rotating speed is that negative pressure is 8Pa in 48Hz, tower, obtains zymolyte powder base；
7th, the compatibility of " full scallop " flavor base material：Using Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad grease and Patinopecten yessoensis female reproduction
Gland zymolyte is combined allotment.Wherein, the ratio of powdery flavouring base material and grease is 5:9 (g/mL), obtain having and necessarily must
Need the feature flavor base material of amino acid and delicious amino acid (being shown in Table 1).
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material, by following process steps：
1st, pretreatment of raw material：Female Patinopecten yessoensis gonad is taken, boiling water bath 10min makes endogenous enzymes after being cleaned repeatedly with clear water
Inactivation, homogenate, prepares gonad homogenate；
2nd, degreasing：Gonad homogenate is taken, n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol (3 of 10 times of volumes is added:1, v:V) mixed liquor,
50 DEG C of extraction 6h, extraction process is carried out 2 times, is removed gained filter cake after fat, suction filtration and is rinsed with a small amount of mixed solvent, natural wind
Dry, broken machine is crushed, and is crossed 100 mesh sieves, is obtained scallop gonad skimmed milk；
3rd, scallop female gonad grease is extracted：Extract obtained above is centrifuged in centrifuge through 5000r/min
After 8min, lower floor's n-hexane layer solution is drawn, is transferred in glass tube, nitrogen obtains scallop gonad grease after blowing；
4th, digest：Scallop gonad skimmed milk using above-mentioned preparation determines scallop reproduction as substrate using triumphant formula nitriding
Protein content in gland skimmed milk is 77.22% (in terms of skimmed milk), prepares concentration of substrate (with proteinometer) for 4g/
During 100mL scallop gonad albumen suspension, 5.18g/100mL scallop gonad skimmed milk suspension need to be prepared.Then
Enzyme digestion reaction is carried out by toolenzyme of alkali protease, wherein enzymatic hydrolysis condition is：Enzyme dosage 3000 (U/g substrate proteins),
PH8.5, temperature 50 C, enzymolysis time 3h.Adjust pH to neutrality after enzymolysis, go out enzyme 10min in 100 DEG C, obtains scallop gonad enzyme
Solve liquid；
5th, dry：Scallop gonad enzymolysis is spray-dried, its condition of work is：Inlet temperature is 230 DEG C, outlet
Temperature is 82 DEG C, and atomizing disk rotating speed is that negative pressure, in 10Pa, obtains zymolyte powder base in 48Hz, tower；
6th, the preparation of Mei Lade derivatives：Scallop gonad zymolyte dry powder and food-grade ribose are codissolved in water, prepared
Zymolyte-ribose mixed solution, it is respectively 10mg/mL and 20mg/mL to make both final concentrations；Added then in mixed solution
After 1.2mol/L sodium bicarbonate regulation pH to 7.0, Maillard reaction 12h is carried out in 95 DEG C.Reaction is made after terminating through spray drying
The derivative of local flavor and colour generation effect must be had concurrently；
7th, the compatibility of " full scallop " flavor base material：Using Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad grease and Patinopecten yessoensis female reproduction
Gland enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives are combined allotment.Wherein, the ratio of powdery flavouring base material and grease is 2:5 (g/mL), can be obtained
It is that 24.97 ± 0.01, thicker red a-value is that 0.63 ± 0.01, yellowing b values are 17.20 ± 0.09 (see the Sino-U.S. of Fig. 1~3 to lightness l value
Maillard reaction 12h data), the feature flavor base material with certain flavor components (being shown in Table 2).
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material, by following process steps：
1st, pretreatment of raw material：Female Patinopecten yessoensis gonad is taken, boiling water bath 10min makes endogenous enzymes after being cleaned repeatedly with clear water
Inactivation, homogenate, prepares gonad homogenate；
2nd, degreasing：Gonad homogenate is taken, n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol (3 of 10 times of volumes is added:1) mixed liquor, at 50 DEG C
6h is extracted, extraction process is carried out 2 times, remove gained filter cake after fat, suction filtration and rinsed with a small amount of mixed solvent, natural air drying, powder
Broken machine is crushed, and is crossed 100 mesh sieves, is obtained scallop gonad skimmed milk；
3rd, digest：Scallop gonad skimmed milk using above-mentioned preparation determines scallop reproduction as substrate using triumphant formula nitriding
Protein content in gland skimmed milk is 77.22% (in terms of skimmed milk), prepares concentration of substrate (with proteinometer) for 4g/
During 100mL scallop gonad protein suspension, 5.18g/100mL scallop gonad skimmed milk suspension need to be prepared.With
Enzyme digestion reaction is carried out by toolenzyme of alkali protease afterwards, wherein enzymatic hydrolysis condition is：Enzyme dosage 3000 (U/g substrate proteins),
PH8.5, temperature 50 C, enzymolysis time 3h.Adjust pH to neutrality after enzymolysis, go out enzyme 10min in 100 DEG C, obtains scallop gonad enzyme
Solve liquid；
4th, dry：Scallop gonad enzymolysis liquid is spray-dried, its condition of work is：Inlet temperature is 230 DEG C, is gone out
Mouth temperature is 82 DEG C, and atomizing disk rotating speed is that negative pressure, in 10Pa, obtains the powder base of zymolyte in 48Hz, tower；
5th, the preparation of Mei Lade derivatives：Scallop gonad zymolyte dry powder and food-grade ribose are codissolved in water, prepared
Zymolyte and ribose mixed solution, it is respectively 10mg/mL and 20mg/mL to make both final concentrations；Added then in mixed solution
After 0.8mol/L sodium bicarbonate regulation pH to 7.0, Maillard reaction 6h is carried out in 95 DEG C；Reaction is made after terminating through spray drying
Have the derivative of feature local flavor and colour generation effect concurrently；
6th, the compatibility of " full scallop " flavor base material：It is raw using Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte and Patinopecten yessoensis female
Grow gland enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives and be combined allotment.Wherein, gonad zymolyte flavouring base material and Mei Lade derivative seasonings
The ratio of base-material is 4:5 (g/g), can obtain lightness l value is that 28.04 ± 0.06, thicker red a-value is -0.59 ± 0.10, yellowing b values
Feature flavor base material for 9.11 ± 0.07 (see Fig. 1~3), rich in essential amino acid, delicious amino acid (being shown in Table 1).
Embodiment 4
A kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material, by following process steps：
1st, pretreatment of raw material：Female Patinopecten yessoensis gonad is taken, boiling water bath 10min makes endogenous enzymes after being cleaned repeatedly with clear water
Inactivation, homogenate, prepares gonad homogenate；
2nd, degreasing：Gonad homogenate is taken, n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol (3 of 10 times of volumes is added:1, v:V) mixed liquor,
50 DEG C of extraction 6h, extraction process is carried out 2 times, is removed gained filter cake after fat, suction filtration and is rinsed with a small amount of mixed solvent, natural wind
Dry, pulverizer is crushed, and is crossed 100 mesh sieves, is obtained scallop gonad skimmed milk；
3rd, scallop female gonad grease is extracted：Extract obtained above is centrifuged in centrifuge through 4000r/min
After 10min, lower floor's n-hexane layer solution is collected, scallop gonad grease is obtained after 45 DEG C of rotary evaporations；
4th, digest：Scallop gonad skimmed milk using above-mentioned preparation determines scallop reproduction as substrate using triumphant formula nitriding
Protein content in gland skimmed milk is 77.22% (in terms of skimmed milk), prepares concentration of substrate (with proteinometer) for 4g/
During 100mL scallop gonad protein suspension, 5.18g/100mL scallop gonad skimmed milk suspension need to be prepared.With
Enzyme digestion reaction is carried out by toolenzyme of alkali protease afterwards, wherein enzymatic hydrolysis condition is：Enzyme dosage 3000 (U/g substrate proteins),
PH8.5, temperature 50 C, enzymolysis time 3h.Adjust pH to neutrality after enzymolysis, go out enzyme 10min in 100 DEG C, obtains scallop gonad enzyme
Solve liquid；
5th, dry：Scallop gonad enzymolysis liquid is spray-dried, its condition of work is：Inlet temperature is 220 DEG C, is gone out
Mouth temperature is 85 DEG C, and atomizing disk rotating speed is that negative pressure, in 9Pa, obtains the powder base of scallop zymolyte in 48Hz, tower；
6th, the preparation of Mei Lade derivatives：Scallop gonad zymolyte dry powder and food-grade ribose are codissolved in water, prepared
Zymolyte and ribose mixed solution, it is respectively 10mg/mL and 20mg/mL to make both final concentrations；Added then in mixed solution
After 0.9mol/L sodium bicarbonate regulation pH to 7.0, Maillard reaction 12h is carried out in 95 DEG C.Reaction is spray-dried after terminating
The derivative for having feature local flavor and colour generation effect concurrently is made；
7th, the compatibility of " full scallop " flavor base material：Using Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad grease, Patinopecten yessoensis female reproduction
Gland zymolyte and Mei Lade derivative threes are combined allotment.Wherein, the ratio of zymolyte, Mei Lade derivatives and grease is
5:6:10(g:g:ML), can obtain lightness l value is that 24.97 ± 0.01, thicker red a-value is that 0.63 ± 0.01, yellowing b values are 17.20
± 0.09 (see Fig. 1~3), the function rich in essential amino acid, delicious amino acid (being shown in Table 1) and other flavor substances (being shown in Table 2)
Property flavor base material.
Table 1 is to determine the amino that embodiment 1-4 Prawns raze gonad zymolyte using Elite-AAK amino acid analysis systems
Acid composition.As a result show, eight kinds of essential amino acids containing needed by human body in scallop female gonad zymolyte, such as lysine,
Leucine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, valine, isoleucine and phenylalanine, and its relative amount summation reaches
30.29%.Presence of the essential amino acid in human body, provide not only the important source material of synthetic protein, and for promoting
Growth, carries out eubolism, the function that sustains life and provides material base.Wherein, in scallop gonad zymolyte lysine and
Leucine content is of a relatively high, illustrates that the base-material has good nutritive value.
Meanwhile, contain delicious amino acid in Patinopecten yessoensis gonad zymolyte, such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine,
Alanine, glycine and tyrosine, and its relative amount summation reaches 49.76%, therefore, Patinopecten yessoensis gonad zymolyte is
Prepare the good source of flavouring base material.
Table 1
The volatile flavor substance in Mei Lade derivatives is digested to Patinopecten yessoensis in embodiment 2,4 using SPME-GC-MS
Analyzed, acquired results as shown in table 2, identify 48 kinds of compounds, wherein 11 kinds of aldehyde material, 6 kinds of ketone, alcohols 4 altogether
Kind, 3 kinds of acids, 7 kinds of esters, 9 kinds of hydro carbons, 8 kinds of heterocyclic compound.
Table 2
Because aldehyde compound threshold value is lower than other flavor substances, it is believed that aldehydes has larger to the local flavor of material
Influence.The content of aldehyde is higher in aquatic products, and 11 kinds of aldehyde are identified in Patinopecten yessoensis female reproduction enzymolysis derivative, furfural,
Benzaldehyde and 3- methyl hutanal are larger to the odor impact of Patinopecten yessoensis.
In addition, identifying substantial amounts of heterocyclic compound in enzymolysis derivative, these heterocyclic compounds generally have relatively low
Threshold value, majority has barbecue fragrance.For example in heterocyclic compound have the threshold value containing nitrogen compound of nut taste and roasting fragrance compared with
It is low, it is the important composition composition in volatile flavor component.This kind of material all has good antioxidant properties, and some materials are very
Can extremely match in excellence or beauty some antioxidants commonly used in present food.Therefore, Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad enzymolysis Mei Lade derives
Thing can assign food strong fragrance as a kind of natural flavour mountaineous base-material well.
It is anti-to the Patinopecten yessoensis gonad zymolyte Mei Lade in embodiment 2,3 and 4 in a reflective mode enabling using colour photometer
Product is answered to be measured, as shown in Figures 1 to 3.CIE color parameters L*, a* and b* represent brightness, redness and yellowing respectively.Wherein L
Value is bigger, and it is brighter to represent color, and L values scope is 0 (black) -100 (white)；A, b value are partially red, partially yellow for positive representative, to bear generation
Table is partially green, partially blue.As shown in Figure 1, the L values of zymolyte and Mei Lade derivatives are reduced with the extension in reaction time, and
Substantially, this shows the progress due to Maillard reaction to the L value declines degree of U.S. rad derivative, causes intermediate product and final production
Thing macromolecular melanoidin is continuously generated, and Mei Lade derivatives is generated deeper color.In addition, it can be seen from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3,
When individually heating zymolyte, its redness (a*) and yellowing (b*) value do not change significantly.And come for Mei Lade derivatives
Say, with the extension of heat time, redness (a*) and yellowing (b*) value integrally show and significantly increased, reached when reacting 12h
To maximum.Research shows that most of colors produce the terminal stage in Maillard reaction, and such as some undersaturated, browns are nitrogenous
Polymer, the generation of furfural and dehydrogenase/reductase ketone.In addition, the yellow/brown related with carbohydrate to albumen, peptide also mainly depends on
The generation of a variety of intermediate products and final product during Mei Lade.Therefore, Patinopecten yessoensis female reproduction zymolyte is through U.S.
After rad modification, the color of its derivative has obtained significant intensification, the bronzing of partially red Huang partially is showed, as colour generation
Base-material is added in food.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope of present disclosure, technique according to the invention scheme and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, pretreatment of raw material：Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad is taken, after being eluted with water, 5~15min of boiling water bath, homogenate prepares shrimp
Smooth scallop female gonad homogenate；
S2, degreasing：N-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixing is added into Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad homogenate made from step S1
Liquid, extracts degreasing, and 4~8h is extracted at 50 DEG C, after the extraction process is repeated 1~3 time, suction filtration, gained filter cake with it is described just oneself
Alkane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor is rinsed, natural air drying, is crushed, and is crossed 100 mesh sieves, is obtained scallop gonad skimmed milk；
The volume ratio of n-hexane and absolute ethyl alcohol is 2~3 in the n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor:1, the scallop female
The volume ratio of genitality homogenate and the n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor is 1:8~12；
S3, scallop gonad grease are extracted：Take after step S2 suction filtrations centrifugation 5 under gained filtrate, 3000~5000r/min~
After 15min, lower floor's n-hexane layer solution is collected, rotary evaporation or nitrogen obtain scallop gonad grease after blowing；
S4, enzymolysis：Using scallop gonad skimmed milk made from step S2 as substrate, digested with alkali protease after 3h, with 0.8~
1.2mol/L NaOH solution adjusts pH to neutrality, and gonad enzymolysis is made in 85~100 DEG C of heating 10min, enzymolysis reaction
Liquid；
S5, drying：Enzymolysis liquid obtained by step S4 is spray-dried, inlet temperature is 200~250 DEG C, outlet temperature is
80~90 DEG C, atomizing disk rotating speed is that negative pressure is 7~9Pa in 48Hz, tower, obtains Patinopecten yessoensis gonad zymolyte；
The preparation of S6, Mei Lade derivative：Scallop gonad enzymolysis liquid made from step S4 and ribose are codissolved in water, mixed
Close solution, add 0.8~1.2mol/L sodium bicarbonate regulation pH to 6.0~9.0 after, in 95 DEG C carry out Maillard reactions 6~
After 12h, Patinopecten yessoensis gonad enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives are made in spray drying；
The final concentration of enzymolysis of ribose in the final concentration of 5~15mg/mL of zymolyte in the mixed solution, the mixed solution
0.5~2.5 times of thing final concentration；
S7, full scallop flavor base material compatibility：Patinopecten yessoensis gonad grease made from step S3, shrimp made from step S5 is taken to raze
Enter for two or three in Patinopecten yessoensis gonad enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives made from scallop gonad zymolyte or step S6
Row compatibility, is made full scallop flavor base material；
The building form of the full scallop flavor base material is specially：
Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte+grease is 4~6:8~9 (g:ML), Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad enzymolysis is beautiful draws
Moral derivative+grease is 1~3:4~6 (g:ML), Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte+Patinopecten yessoensis enzymolysis Mei Lade spreads out
Biology is 3~5:4~6 (g:Or Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte g)+Patinopecten yessoensis enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives+grease
For 4~6:5~7:9~11 (g:g:mL).
2. a kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material according to claim 1, its feature
It is, step S1 is takes Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad, and boiling water bath 10min goes out endogenous enzymes after being cleaned repeatedly with water, is homogenized, prepares
Gonad homogenate.
3. a kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material according to claim 1, its feature
It is, step S2 is that will add n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor in gonad homogenate made from step S1 to extract degreasing, 50
Magnetic agitation extracts 6h at DEG C, and the extraction process is carried out 2 times altogether, suction filtration, and gained filter cake is mixed with a small amount of n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol
Bonding solvent is rinsed, natural air drying, and pulverizer is crushed, and is crossed 100 mesh sieves, is obtained scallop gonad skimmed milk；
The volume ratio of n-hexane and absolute ethyl alcohol is 3 in the n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor:1, the scallop female reproduction
Property homogenate and the n-hexane/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed liquor volume ratio be 1:10.
4. a kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material according to claim 1, its feature
It is, centrifugal condition described in step S3 is that 4000r/min centrifuges 10min；Lower floor's n-hexane layer solution, through 40 DEG C or 45 DEG C rotations
Scallop gonad grease is obtained after evaporation.
5. a kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material according to claim 1, its feature
It is, the concrete operations of enzyme digestion reaction described in step S4 are：
S41, the protein content using scallop gonad skimmed milk made from triumphant formula nitriding determination step S2；
S42, using water as solvent, weigh scallop gonad skimmed milk made from step S2, prepare concentration of substrate (with proteinometer)
For 4g/100mL scallop gonad protein suspension；
S43, into scallop gonad protein solution made from step S42 by 3000 (U/g substrate proteins) add basic protein
Enzyme, pH to 8.5,50 DEG C of enzymolysis 3h are adjusted with 1.0mol/L NaOH solution.
6. a kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material according to claim 1, its feature
It is, condition of work is spray-dried described in step S5 is：230 DEG C of inlet temperature, 85 DEG C of outlet temperature, atomizing disk rotating speed is
Negative pressure is 8Pa in 48Hz, tower.
7. a kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material according to claim 1, its feature
It is, in mixed solution described in step S6, the final concentration of 10mg/mL of zymolyte, the final concentration of 20mg/mL of ribose；And to mixing
The sodium bicarbonate that 1mol/L is added in solution adjusts pH to 7.0, is heated to 95 DEG C of holding 12h.
8. a kind of method that utilization Patinopecten yessoensis gonad prepares feature flavor base material according to claim 1, its feature
It is, the compatibility combination of full scallop flavor base material described in step S7 includes：Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte+grease is 5:
9(g:ML), Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives+grease is 2:5(g:ML), Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad
Zymolyte+Patinopecten yessoensis enzymolysis Mei Lade derivatives are 4:5(g:G), Patinopecten yessoensis female gonad zymolyte+Patinopecten yessoensis enzyme
It is 5 to solve Mei Lade derivatives+grease:6:10(g:g:mL).
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109090334A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-12-28 | 大连工业大学 | A method of recycling protein isolate from Patinopecten yessoensis gonad |
| CN109601994A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-04-12 | 大连工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of scallop protein isolate-beta carotene lotion |
| CN110214933A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-09-10 | 大连工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of Patinopecten yessoensis Male reproduction zymolyte/polysaccharide mixed gel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109090334A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-12-28 | 大连工业大学 | A method of recycling protein isolate from Patinopecten yessoensis gonad |
| CN109601994A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-04-12 | 大连工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of scallop protein isolate-beta carotene lotion |
| CN110214933A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-09-10 | 大连工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of Patinopecten yessoensis Male reproduction zymolyte/polysaccharide mixed gel |
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