CN107124124B - Active short circuit system and method for three-phase stator winding of motor - Google Patents
Active short circuit system and method for three-phase stator winding of motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107124124B CN107124124B CN201710214202.XA CN201710214202A CN107124124B CN 107124124 B CN107124124 B CN 107124124B CN 201710214202 A CN201710214202 A CN 201710214202A CN 107124124 B CN107124124 B CN 107124124B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
- H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
- H02P3/22—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/02—Dead-man's devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Abstract
An active short circuit system and method for a three-phase stator winding of a motor, the method comprising: s100, detecting a fault of the motor controller and judging the fault type, executing a step S200 if the fault type is a detection fault of the lower bridge driving chip, and executing a step S300 if the fault type is a detection fault of a non-lower bridge driving chip; s200, opening an upper bridge of a semiconductor switch tube through a first active short-circuit channel to actively short-circuit a three-phase stator winding of the motor; s300, opening a lower bridge of a semiconductor switch tube through a second active short-circuit channel to actively short-circuit a three-phase stator winding of the motor; the invention provides two active short-circuit channels, thereby improving the reliability and safety of active short-circuit; the active short circuit can be realized when the low-voltage side is powered down; before the active short circuit is executed, the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to be within the first threshold rotating speed, the situation that the reverse withstand voltage of the semiconductor switch tube is too high and the semiconductor switch tube enters a free stop state when the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to be the second threshold rotating speed is avoided, and finally the effects of good braking at a high speed and sudden change of braking torque at a low speed are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of motors, in particular to a motor three-phase stator winding active short-circuit system.
Background
when a controller fails, rapid braking is usually realized by actively SHORT-circuiting a three-phase stator winding (ASC) of the motor, that is, an upper bridge or a lower bridge of an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module is kept open. The stator winding of the three-phase motor can be actively short-circuited by switching on the upper bridge or the lower bridge, and the negative current can be generated by the Q shaft of the motor by the active short-circuit strategy, so that the electric automobile can obtain an effective braking force to enter a safe parking state.
Specifically, in the existing ASC scheme, a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave-transmitting channel during normal operation of the IGBT module is used to control the upper bridge or the lower bridge to be turned on, that is, a high level is used to replace a PWM wave during normal operation and transmit the PWM wave to the upper bridge or the lower bridge of the IGBT module. Specifically, a MCU (micro controller Unit) sets a high level to a CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), the CPLD inputs the high level to the ASC input terminal of the driving chip of the upper bridge or the lower bridge, and the driving chip outputs a high level to the gate of the upper bridge or the lower bridge, so that the upper bridge or the lower bridge of the IGBT remains on. If the problem of failure of other components occurs in the PWM wave-generating channel, the normal execution of the active short-circuit three-phase stator winding is influenced.
in addition, the existing ASC scheme is suitable for the field of motor controllers with low back electromotive force (such as the highest rotating speed of less than 750V). Because of the normally working IGBT module, if the ASC needs to be realized, the IGBT module needs to be completely sealed, and then the IGBT module is switched on, and the back electromotive force related to the rotating speed of the motor can be generated in the process of sealing the tube. If the motor enters the ASC at a high speed, high back electromotive force can be generated, and the high back electromotive force can cause that the back withstand voltage of the IGBT module is too high, so that the back voltage stress is too high, and the risk exists in the ASC process.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides an active short-circuiting system and method for three-phase stator windings of a motor, which address the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: constructing an active short-circuiting system for a three-phase stator winding of an electric machine, comprising:
the first active short-circuit channel is a normal working path of an upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube and comprises an MCU, a CPLD and an upper bridge driving chip which are sequentially connected, wherein the upper bridge driving chip is used for being connected with the upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube;
The second active short-circuit channel comprises an MCU, an isolation module and a lower bridge driving chip which are connected in sequence and used for being connected with a lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube;
the active short circuit execution module is used for detecting the fault of the motor controller and judging the fault type, and if the fault type is the fault detected by the lower bridge driving chip, the upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube is opened through the first active short circuit channel so as to actively short circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor; and if the fault type is a non-lower-bridge driving chip detection fault, opening a lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube through a second active short-circuit channel to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor.
In the active short circuit system of the three-phase stator winding of the motor, the second active short circuit channel further comprises an OR gate positioned between the MCU and the isolation module, and two input ends of the OR gate respectively receive an active short circuit signal and a low-voltage side voltage power-down signal of the MCU;
The second active short-circuit channel is also used for triggering the lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube to be switched on when the voltage of the low-voltage side is in power failure so as to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor.
In the active short-circuit system of the three-phase stator winding of the motor, the system further comprises:
the active short circuit preprocessing module is used for detecting the rotating speed of the motor before the active short circuit execution module works, and informing the motor controller to remove the torque advancing power until the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to a first threshold rotating speed when the rotating speed of the motor exceeds the first threshold rotating speed of the active short circuit;
and the active short circuit termination module is used for informing the active short circuit execution module to terminate executing the active short circuit when the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to a second threshold rotating speed, and entering a free stop state, wherein the first threshold rotating speed is greater than the second threshold rotating speed.
In the active short-circuit system for the three-phase stator winding of the motor, the system further comprises a first threshold rotating speed determining module, wherein the first threshold rotating speed determining module is used for calculating the threshold working frequency of the motor when the motor generates the reverse electromotive force the same as the highest voltage withstanding value according to the highest voltage withstanding value of a semiconductor switch tube connected with the three-phase stator winding, and determining the first threshold rotating speed according to the threshold working frequency.
in the active short-circuit system of the three-phase stator winding of the motor, the system also comprises an active short-circuit starting module which is used for calculating the working frequency of the motor according to the rotating speed of the motor, calculating the back electromotive force according to the working frequency of the motor, calculating the short-circuit current of the motor according to the D-axis inductance of the motor, the working frequency of the motor and the back electromotive force, and predicting that the three-phase stator winding can be actively short-circuited when the short-circuit current of the motor exceeds the threshold current.
the invention also discloses an active short circuit method for the three-phase stator winding of the motor, which comprises the following steps:
s100, detecting a fault of the motor controller and judging the fault type, executing a step S200 if the fault type is a detection fault of a lower bridge driving chip, and executing a step S300 if the fault type is a detection fault of a non-lower bridge driving chip;
S200, opening an upper bridge of a semiconductor switch tube through a first active short-circuit channel to actively short-circuit a three-phase stator winding of the motor;
S300, opening a lower bridge of a semiconductor switch tube through a second active short-circuit channel to actively short-circuit a three-phase stator winding of the motor;
The first active short-circuit channel is a normal working path of an upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube and comprises an MCU, a CPLD and an upper bridge driving chip which are sequentially connected, wherein the upper bridge driving chip is used for being connected with the upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube; the second active short circuit channel comprises an MCU, an isolation module and a lower bridge driving chip which are connected in sequence and used for being connected with a lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube.
In the active short circuit method of the motor three-phase stator winding, the second active short circuit channel further comprises an OR gate positioned between the MCU and the isolation module, and two input ends of the OR gate respectively receive an active short circuit signal and a low-voltage side voltage power-down signal of the MCU;
the method further comprises the following steps: and when the voltage at the low-voltage side is in power failure, triggering a second active short-circuit channel to open the lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube so as to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor.
In the active short-circuiting method of the three-phase stator winding of the motor of the invention,
Step S100 is preceded by: detecting the rotating speed of the motor, and informing a motor controller to remove torque advancing power when the rotating speed of the motor exceeds a first threshold rotating speed of the active short circuit until the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to the first threshold rotating speed;
Step S200 or S300 is followed by step S400: in the process of actively short-circuiting the three-phase stator winding of the motor, when the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to a second threshold rotating speed, the active short-circuiting is stopped to enter a free-stop state, wherein the first threshold rotating speed is greater than the second threshold rotating speed.
in the active short-circuiting method for the three-phase stator winding of the motor, before the step S100, the method further includes: calculating the threshold working frequency of the motor when the motor generates the same back electromotive force as the highest voltage withstanding value according to the highest voltage withstanding value of a semiconductor switch tube connected with the three-phase stator winding, and determining the first threshold rotating speed according to the threshold working frequency.
In the active short-circuiting method for the three-phase stator winding of the motor, before the step S100, the method further comprises: calculating the working frequency of the motor according to the rotating speed of the motor, calculating the reverse electromotive force according to the working frequency of the motor, calculating the short-circuit current of the motor according to the D-axis inductance of the motor, the working frequency of the motor and the reverse electromotive force, and predicting that the three-phase stator winding can be actively short-circuited when the short-circuit current of the motor exceeds the threshold current.
The active short circuit system and the active short circuit method for the three-phase stator winding of the motor have the following beneficial effects: the invention provides two active short-circuit channels, and corresponding paths are started according to the type of the fault of the motor controller, so that the reliability and the safety of active short-circuit are improved; furthermore, when the low-voltage side is powered down, active short circuit can be realized by switching on the semiconductor switch tube; furthermore, before the active short circuit is executed, the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to be within the first threshold rotating speed, so that the problem that the reverse withstand voltage of a semiconductor switch tube is too high due to the fact that the motor enters the ASC under the high-speed condition can be avoided, the safety of the active short circuit is improved, the applicable motor controller is wider in field, the motor enters a free stop state when the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to be within the second threshold rotating speed, and finally the effects of good braking at the high speed and sudden change of braking torque at the low speed are achieved.
drawings
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of two active shorting channels.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
it is noted that the terms "equal," "same," "simultaneously," or other similar terms are not limited to the absolute equality or equality in mathematical terms, but may be similar in engineering sense or within an acceptable error range when practicing the claims of this patent. The word "connected" or "connecting" is intended to encompass not only the direct connection of two entities, but also the indirect connection via other entities with beneficial and improved effects.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
in order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments of the specification, and it should be understood that the embodiments and specific features of the embodiments of the present invention are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited to the technical solutions of the present application, and the technical features of the embodiments and examples of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
the embodiment I discloses a motor three-phase stator winding active short-circuit method, which comprises the following steps of:
And S01, calculating the working frequency of the motor according to the rotating speed of the motor, calculating the reverse electromotive force according to the working frequency of the motor, calculating the short-circuit current of the motor according to the D-axis inductance of the motor, the working frequency of the motor and the reverse electromotive force, and predicting that the three-phase stator winding can be actively short-circuited when the short-circuit current of the motor exceeds the threshold current. The threshold current is typically 800A, i.e., ASC can be entered when the motor short circuit current is greater than 800A.
Specifically, the relationship between the back electromotive force and the working frequency of the motor is as in formula (1), the relationship between the working frequency and the motor speed is as in formula (2), and the calculation formula of the motor short-circuit current is as in formula (3). Therefore, by sampling the motor rotating speed n, other parameters can inquire a motor parameter table, and the motor short-circuit current Isc can be obtained through calculation according to the formulas (1) - (3).
E＝2×3.1415×f×Ψ (1)
f＝(p×n)/60 (2)
Isc＝E/2×3.1415×f×Ld (3)
in the formula, E represents the back electromotive force, f represents the working frequency of the motor, Isc represents the short-circuit current of the motor, psi represents the magnetic flux, p represents the pole pair number of the motor, n represents the rotating speed of the motor, and Ld represents the D-axis inductance of the motor.
s02, detecting the rotating speed of the motor, and informing the motor controller to remove the torque advancing power when the rotating speed of the motor exceeds the first threshold rotating speed of the active short circuit until the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to the first threshold rotating speed;
The torque advancing power is removed mainly by setting the Q-axis current to be zero through a motor controller.
Wherein, the first threshold value rotating speed is determined as follows: calculating the threshold working frequency of the motor when the motor generates the same back electromotive force as the highest voltage withstanding value according to the highest voltage withstanding value of a semiconductor switch tube connected with the three-phase stator winding, and determining the first threshold rotating speed according to the threshold working frequency.
specifically, since the back electromotive force cannot exceed the maximum withstand voltage of the semiconductor switch tube, the relation between the back electromotive force and the operating frequency of the motor is as in formula (1) in step S01, and the relation between the operating frequency and the motor speed is as in formula (2) in step S01, the maximum value of the back electromotive force (i.e., the maximum withstand voltage of the semiconductor switch tube) is substituted into the formula (1) to determine the maximum value of the motor operating frequency f, and then the maximum value of the motor speed n is determined according to formula (2).
S03, detecting the fault of the motor controller and judging the fault type, if the fault type is the detection fault of the lower bridge driving chip, executing a step S04, and if the fault type is the detection fault of the non-lower bridge driving chip, executing a step S05;
The lower bridge driving chip detection faults comprise upper bridge semiconductor switch tube short circuit or lower bridge semiconductor switch tube open circuit, lower bridge driving chip under-voltage faults and lower bridge driving chip over-voltage faults, and the faults can be detected through the lower bridge driving chip.
Wherein, the non-lower bridge driver chip detects the trouble and then includes: the upper bridge driving chip detects faults, controller overcurrent faults (for example, more than 800A), and bus overvoltage faults (for example, more than 500V). Specifically, the upper bridge driving chip detection fault comprises a lower bridge semiconductor switching tube short circuit or an upper bridge semiconductor switching tube open circuit, an upper bridge driving chip under-voltage fault and an upper bridge driving chip over-voltage fault.
S04, opening an upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube through the first active short-circuit channel to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor, and entering the step S06;
s05, opening a lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube through a second active short-circuit channel to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor, and entering the step S06;
and S06, in the process of actively short-circuiting the three-phase stator winding of the motor, stopping executing active short-circuiting when the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to a second threshold rotating speed, and entering a free stop state, wherein the first threshold rotating speed is greater than the second threshold rotating speed.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, semiconductor switches include, but are not limited to, IGBTs, IGCTs, or MOS transistors, with IGBTs being preferred.
Two active shorting channels are described below in conjunction with fig. 2. In the figure, FALT indicates that a drive fault condition is generated and transmitted back to the MCU through the CPLD.
The first active short-circuit channel is a normal working path of an upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube, and comprises an MCU 201, a CPLD 202 and an upper bridge driving chip 203 which are connected in sequence and are used for being connected with the upper bridge 204 of the semiconductor switch tube. The upper bridge for turning on the semiconductor switch tube through the first active short-circuit channel is specifically as follows: the MCU 201 sends a high level to the CPLD 202, the CPLD 202 sets the ASC port of the upper bridge driver chip 203 to a high level, and the upper bridge driver chip 203 sends the high level to the upper bridge 204 to turn on the upper bridge 204.
The second active short-circuit channel comprises an MCU 201, an isolation module 207 and a lower bridge driving chip 205 connected with a lower bridge 206 of the semiconductor switch tube, which are connected in sequence. Specifically, the isolation module 207 is three opto-isolator corresponding to three IGBTs in the lower bridge 206. Preferably, the second active short circuit channel further includes an or gate 208 located between the MCU 201 and the isolation module 207, and two input ends of the or gate 208 respectively receive the active short circuit signal and the low-voltage side voltage power-down signal of the MCU 201. Since the low-side voltage power-down signal is typically 5V, it needs to pass through a 5V-3.3V conversion module 209 before being input to the or gate 208, so as to convert the 5V signal into a 3.3V signal. The step of turning on the lower bridge 206 of the semiconductor switch tube through the second active short-circuit channel is specifically as follows: the MCU 201 sends an active short-circuit signal M _ ASC to the or gate 208, and then triggers the isolation module 207 to output a high level or a low level to the lower bridge driver chip 205, and the lower bridge driver chip 205 sends the high level to the lower bridge 206 to turn on the lower bridge 206.
Correspondingly, the method further comprises the following steps: and when the voltage at the low-voltage side is in power failure, triggering a second active short-circuit channel to open the lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube so as to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor.
In addition, preferably, the first active short-circuit channel and the second active short-circuit channel can be configured with dual power supply.
example two
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment discloses an active short-circuit system of a three-phase stator winding of a motor, which comprises:
And the first threshold rotating speed determining module is used for calculating a threshold working frequency of the motor when the motor generates the same back electromotive force as the highest voltage withstanding value according to the highest voltage withstanding value of the semiconductor switch tubes connected with the three-phase stator winding, and determining the first threshold rotating speed according to the threshold working frequency.
And the active short circuit starting module is used for calculating the working frequency of the motor according to the rotating speed of the motor, calculating the reverse electromotive force according to the working frequency of the motor, calculating the short circuit current of the motor according to the D-axis inductance of the motor, the working frequency of the motor and the reverse electromotive force, and predicting that the three-phase stator winding can be actively short-circuited when the short circuit current of the motor exceeds the threshold current. The first embodiment can be referred to for the specific calculation principle of the short-circuit current of the motor.
And the active short circuit preprocessing module is used for detecting the rotating speed of the motor before the active short circuit execution module works, and informing the motor controller to remove the torque advancing power until the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to the first threshold rotating speed when the rotating speed of the motor exceeds the first threshold rotating speed of the active short circuit. The torque advancing power is removed mainly by setting the Q-axis current to be zero through a motor controller.
The active short circuit execution module is used for detecting the fault of the motor controller and judging the fault type, and if the fault type is the fault detected by the lower bridge driving chip, the upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube is opened through the first active short circuit channel so as to actively short circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor; and if the fault type is a non-lower-bridge driving chip detection fault, opening a lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube through a second active short-circuit channel to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor.
the first active short-circuit channel is a normal working path of an upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube and comprises an MCU, a CPLD and an upper bridge driving chip which are sequentially connected, wherein the upper bridge driving chip is used for being connected with the upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube;
and the second active short circuit channel comprises an MCU, an isolation module and a lower bridge driving chip which are sequentially connected, wherein the lower bridge driving chip is used for being connected with a lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube.
And the active short circuit termination module is used for informing the active short circuit execution module to terminate executing the active short circuit when the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to a second threshold rotating speed, and entering a free stop state, wherein the first threshold rotating speed is greater than the second threshold rotating speed.
The lower bridge driving chip detection faults comprise upper bridge semiconductor switch tube short circuit or lower bridge semiconductor switch tube open circuit, lower bridge driving chip under-voltage faults and lower bridge driving chip over-voltage faults, and the faults can be detected through the lower bridge driving chip.
Wherein, the non-lower bridge driver chip detects the trouble and then includes: the upper bridge driving chip detects faults, controller overcurrent faults (for example, more than 800A), and bus overvoltage faults (for example, more than 500V). Specifically, the upper bridge driving chip detection fault comprises a lower bridge semiconductor switching tube short circuit or an upper bridge semiconductor switching tube open circuit, an upper bridge driving chip under-voltage fault and an upper bridge driving chip over-voltage fault.
two active short-circuit channels can be referred to the description of the first embodiment.
preferably, the second active short circuit channel further comprises an or gate located between the MCU and the isolation module, and two input ends of the or gate receive an active short circuit signal and a low-voltage side voltage power-down signal of the MCU respectively. Correspondingly, the second active short-circuit channel is also used for triggering the lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube to be switched on when the voltage of the low-voltage side is in power failure so as to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor.
In addition, preferably, the first active short-circuit channel and the second active short-circuit channel can be configured with dual power supply.
In summary, the active short-circuit system and method for the three-phase stator winding of the motor provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects: the invention provides two active short-circuit channels, and corresponding paths are started according to the type of the fault of the motor controller, so that the reliability and the safety of active short-circuit are improved; furthermore, when the low-voltage side is powered down, active short circuit can be realized by switching on the semiconductor switch tube; furthermore, before the active short circuit is executed, the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to be within the first threshold rotating speed, so that the problem that the reverse withstand voltage of a semiconductor switch tube is too high due to the fact that the motor enters the ASC under the high-speed condition can be avoided, the safety of the active short circuit is improved, the applicable motor controller is wider in field, the motor enters a free stop state when the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to be within the second threshold rotating speed, and finally the effects of good braking at the high speed and sudden change of braking torque at the low speed are achieved.
while the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An active short circuit system for a three-phase stator winding of an electric machine, comprising:
the first active short-circuit channel is a normal working path of an upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube and comprises an MCU, a CPLD and an upper bridge driving chip which are sequentially connected, wherein the upper bridge driving chip is used for being connected with the upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube;
The second active short-circuit channel comprises an MCU, an isolation module and a lower bridge driving chip which are connected in sequence and used for being connected with a lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube;
The active short circuit execution module is used for detecting the fault of the motor controller and judging the fault type, and if the fault type is the fault detected by the lower bridge driving chip, the upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube is opened through the first active short circuit channel so as to actively short circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor; if the fault type is that the fault is detected by a non-lower-bridge driving chip, the lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube is opened through a second active short-circuit channel so as to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor;
And the active short circuit preprocessing module is used for detecting the rotating speed of the motor before the active short circuit execution module works, and informing the motor controller to remove the torque advancing power until the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to the first threshold rotating speed when the rotating speed of the motor exceeds the first threshold rotating speed of the active short circuit.
2. the active short circuit system of three-phase stator winding of motor of claim 1, wherein the second active short circuit channel further comprises an or gate between the MCU and the isolation module, two input terminals of the or gate respectively receiving the active short circuit signal of the MCU and the low-side voltage power-down signal;
the second active short-circuit channel is also used for triggering the lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube to be switched on when the voltage of the low-voltage side is in power failure so as to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor.
3. The motor three-phase stator winding active short circuit system of claim 1, further comprising:
And the active short circuit termination module is used for informing the active short circuit execution module to terminate executing the active short circuit when the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to a second threshold rotating speed, and entering a free stop state, wherein the first threshold rotating speed is greater than the second threshold rotating speed.
4. The active short-circuiting system for three-phase stator windings of an electric motor according to claim 3, further comprising a first threshold rotation speed determining module for calculating a threshold operating frequency of the electric motor when the same back electromotive force as the highest withstand voltage value is generated based on the highest withstand voltage value of the semiconductor switching tubes connected to the three-phase stator windings, and determining the first threshold rotation speed based on the threshold operating frequency.
5. The active short circuit system of claim 1 further comprising an active short circuit start module configured to calculate a motor operating frequency based on a motor speed, calculate a back emf based on the motor operating frequency, calculate a motor short circuit current based on a motor D-axis inductance, the motor operating frequency, and the back emf, and predict that the three-phase stator winding may be actively shorted when the motor short circuit current exceeds a threshold current.
6. An active short-circuiting method for a three-phase stator winding of a motor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S100, detecting a fault of the motor controller and judging the fault type, executing a step S200 if the fault type is a detection fault of a lower bridge driving chip, and executing a step S300 if the fault type is a detection fault of a non-lower bridge driving chip;
S200, opening an upper bridge of a semiconductor switch tube through a first active short-circuit channel to actively short-circuit a three-phase stator winding of the motor;
S300, opening a lower bridge of a semiconductor switch tube through a second active short-circuit channel to actively short-circuit a three-phase stator winding of the motor;
the first active short-circuit channel is a normal working path of an upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube and comprises an MCU, a CPLD and an upper bridge driving chip which are sequentially connected, wherein the upper bridge driving chip is used for being connected with the upper bridge of the semiconductor switch tube; the second active short circuit channel comprises an MCU, an isolation module and a lower bridge driving chip which are connected in sequence and used for being connected with a lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube;
Step S100 is preceded by: and detecting the rotating speed of the motor, and informing the motor controller to remove the torque advancing power when the rotating speed of the motor exceeds the first threshold rotating speed of the active short circuit until the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to the first threshold rotating speed.
7. the active short circuit method of the three-phase stator winding of the motor according to claim 6, wherein the second active short circuit channel further comprises an or gate located between the MCU and the isolation module, and two input terminals of the or gate respectively receive an active short circuit signal of the MCU and a low-side voltage power-down signal;
the method further comprises the following steps: and when the voltage at the low-voltage side is in power failure, triggering a second active short-circuit channel to open the lower bridge of the semiconductor switch tube so as to actively short-circuit the three-phase stator winding of the motor.
8. The active short-circuiting method for three-phase stator windings of an electric machine according to claim 6,
Step S200 or S300 is followed by step S400: in the process of actively short-circuiting the three-phase stator winding of the motor, when the rotating speed of the motor is reduced to a second threshold rotating speed, the active short-circuiting is stopped to enter a free-stop state, wherein the first threshold rotating speed is greater than the second threshold rotating speed.
9. The active short-circuiting method for three-phase stator windings of an electric machine according to claim 8, wherein said step S100 is preceded by the steps of: calculating the threshold working frequency of the motor when the motor generates the same back electromotive force as the highest voltage withstanding value according to the highest voltage withstanding value of a semiconductor switch tube connected with the three-phase stator winding, and determining the first threshold rotating speed according to the threshold working frequency.
10. the active short-circuiting method for three-phase stator windings of an electric machine according to claim 6, wherein step S100 is preceded by the steps of: calculating the working frequency of the motor according to the rotating speed of the motor, calculating the reverse electromotive force according to the working frequency of the motor, calculating the short-circuit current of the motor according to the D-axis inductance of the motor, the working frequency of the motor and the reverse electromotive force, and predicting that the three-phase stator winding can be actively short-circuited when the short-circuit current of the motor exceeds the threshold current.
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