CN107123345A - A kind of accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument and its operating method - Google Patents
A kind of accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument and its operating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107123345A CN107123345A CN201710421744.4A CN201710421744A CN107123345A CN 107123345 A CN107123345 A CN 107123345A CN 201710421744 A CN201710421744 A CN 201710421744A CN 107123345 A CN107123345 A CN 107123345A
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
Abstract
The present invention relates to experiment instrument, including：External surrounding frame, experiment instrument leveling support leg, experiment instrument side supporting walls, experiment instrument platform, the hollow fixed rod support upper beam of horizontal scale bar, experiment instrument repair part storage drawer, circular small machine, motor fixing frame, rotation disk, electric cabinet, motor supply lines, the hollow fix bar of horizontal scale bar, horizontal scale bar and rigidity spring pedestal FX；Experiment instrument mesa base is provided with leveling support leg, and leveling support leg support experiment instrument platform is provided with left and right experiment instrument side supporting walls in experiment instrument platform both sides, the hollow fixed rod support upper beam of horizontal scale bar is provided with experiment instrument side supporting walls top.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：There is provided a kind of rational in infrastructure, high accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument of measurement accuracy, its overall construction design thinking is novel with method, pioneering both at home and abroad.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to experiment instrument, more particularly to a kind of accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument.
Background technology
Centripetal force is high school physicses and a key concept of university physicses mechanics part, centripetal force size and object
Quality, the angular speed (or cycle) of article for rotation and object have relation to the distance of rotating shaft.It is well-known：Make steady circular
The centripetal force size of moving object, is directly proportional to mass of object, and being directly proportional to object of which movement angular speed square, (cycle square is into anti-
Than), and be directly proportional to rotating shaft distance to object；However, so far, on the market with physics laboratory of universities an middle schools only to
The qualitative lecture experiment instrument equipment of mental and physical efforts, the experiment instrument equipment of accurate measurement centripetal force size was not seen also.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome prior art not enough, the invention provides one kind is rational in infrastructure, the high accurate measurement of measurement accuracy to
Mental and physical efforts size experiment instrument.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose, present invention employs following technical scheme：
Accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument, including external surrounding frame, experiment instrument leveling support leg, experiment instrument side supporting walls,
Experiment instrument platform, the hollow fixed rod support upper beam of horizontal scale bar, experiment instrument repair part storage drawer, circular small machine, motor
Fixed mount, rotation disk, electric cabinet, motor supply lines, the hollow fix bar of horizontal scale bar, horizontal scale bar and rigidity spring bottom
Seat FX；
Experiment instrument mesa base is provided with leveling support leg, leveling support leg support experiment instrument platform, in experiment instrument platform
Both sides are provided with left and right experiment instrument side supporting walls, and the hollow fix bar branch of horizontal scale bar is provided with experiment instrument side supporting walls top
Upper beam is supportted, vertical direction corresponding with circular small machine rotary shaft, which is fixed, at the hollow fixed rod support upper beam center of horizontal scale bar pacifies
The hollow fix bar of the horizontal scale bar of dress, installs horizontal scale bar in the hollow fix bar lower end of horizontal scale bar and fixes back-up ring, will
Horizontal scale bar is fixedly mounted and is arranged on the horizontal upper back-up ring lower end of scale bar fixation, hollow fixation is passed through in horizontal scale bar lower end
Loop coil makes horizontal scale bar be fixed in horizontal scale bar fixation between back-up ring and hollow fixed spiro；
Disk is installed in the rotating shaft of circular small machine and stops circle, stops that the socket of circle upper end rotates disk in disk,
Disk locking loop coil is installed in the upper end for rotating disk, and disk stops that circle and disk locking loop coil are fixed on disk is rotated therebetween；
Circular small machine is arranged between the motor fixing frame of experiment porch, and circular small machine rotary shaft packs into horizontal scale
In the middle of the hollow fix bar of bar, circular small machine is fixed by motor fixing frame.
As preferred：The rigidity spring pedestal FX includes：Rigidity spring pedestal fixing groove, rigidity spring pedestal
Fixed screw, rigidity spring system, rectangle experiment block, rigidity spring and the rectangle experiment micro- chi of block；Rigidity spring system bottom
Seat is arranged in horizontal scale bar at the relevant radii of the rigidity spring pedestal fixing groove of rigidity spring pedestal FX；It is rectangular
Shape experiment block is placed in the slide block slot of the rectangle of horizontal scale bar experiment block, and rectangle experiment block is micro- with rectangle experiment block
Chi is adjacent with scale side with main scale, and is abutted with rigidity spring.
The operating method of this accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument, comprises the following steps：
The first step：By the rigidity of rigidity spring system floor installation rigidity spring pedestal FX in horizontal scale bar
At the relevant radii of spring pedestal fixing groove；
Second step：It is m by quality1Rectangle experiment block be placed on horizontal scale bar rectangle test block slide block slot
It is interior, rectangle experiment block with micro- chi when carrying scale with main scale it is adjacent, and abutted with rigidity spring, read rectangle and test
Block centroid position initial reading x1；
3rd step：During experiment, Electric vacuum box is arranged to n circles, t, motor rotational angular velocity ω the time required to n circles is rotated0
(rad/s)；Electric cabinet power supply is opened, indicator lamp is bright, motor drives slewing circle disk to start to rotate, rotate the number of turns and set knob to set
Motor turning collar, number of turns display screen is shown, presses timing start button, is treated that motor rotates 50 and enclosed, that is, is rotated disk rotational 50 and enclose,
Motor drives rotating disk to be automatically stopped rotation, and time display screen can show the circle of rotation 50 total time t used, then the cycle is T=t/50,
Angular speed is ω=2 π/T；
4th step：Motor drives rotating disk to start in rotation process, and rectangle experiment block will rotate disc surfaces in horizontal stroke
Into scale bar inner slide groove, slid in and out along slide block slot direction with rigidity spring vertical direction, rigidity spring is compressed into
A certain position；
5th step：Block is tested after rectangle after stabilization, to read rectangle in slide block slot and test block position reading x2；
6th step：According to as above experiment data streams read x1、x2, rigidity spring is obtained by decrement Δ x=x2-x1If, rigidity
The coefficient of elasticity k of spring, according to Hooke's law f=k Δ x, the power is the centrifugal force that rectangle tests block, namely rectangle
It is x apart from rotating shaft distance that block, which is tested, on disk is rotated2Centripetal force；
7th step：X is known again2Block is tested to rotating shaft distance for rectangle, and the theory of centripetal force is calculated according to formula (1)
Value fExperiment；
F=m ω2R=m (4 π2)/T2r……(1)
Then the comparison of experiment value and theoretical value is expressed as with percent error：
8th step：Similarly, using same angular velocity omega0, quality is m by we2(m2>m1) rectangle experiment block put
Tested in the rectangle of horizontal scale bar in the slide block slot of block, rectangle experiment block phase when carrying scale with main scale with micro- chi
Neighbour, and abutted with rigidity spring, read rectangle experiment block centroid position initial reading x1；Test, motor drives slewing circle disk
Rotate, rectangle experiment block can radially dorsad rotor shaft direction be moved out along slide block slot, treats that rectangle tests block in slide block slot
After stable, rectangle experiment block position reading x is read3, then Δ x '=x3-x1, centripetal force f=k Δs x ' experiment value
fExperiment；Again with m2、x3(1) formula of substitution, calculates the theoretical value f of centripetal forceIt is theoretical, and theoretical value fIt is theoreticalWith experiment value fExperimentSubstitute into
(2) formula is compared, i.e., represented using percent error；
9th step：If rotational speed sets knob, very fast angular velocity omega is reset1(ω1>ω0)；It is m by quality1
Rectangle experiment block be placed on the rectangle of horizontal scale bar experiment block slide block slot in, rectangle experiment block with micro- chi side with
Main scale is adjacent with scale side, and is abutted with rigidity spring, reads rectangle experiment block centroid position initial reading x1Carry out as above
The experiment, this when, the decrement of rigidity spring will be bigger, i.e., centrifugal force is bigger, that is to say, that centripetal force is bigger, together
Sample can read corresponding readings x4, by x4Substitute into the theoretical value f that formula (1) calculates centripetal forceIt is theoreticalWith experiment value f=k Δs x '
It is compared, wherein Δ x '=x4-x1。
The characteristics of present invention has following and beneficial effect：
1st, the overall construction design thinking and method of " accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument " device are novel, domestic outside
Wound；
2nd, disk will be rotated to be arranged on motor rotation axis, motor rotates directly disc-rotated, can realize disk
On sliding block obtain a centripetal force effect；
3rd, due to the relative slip between disk and sliding block, disk and sliding block material according to selected by needing experiment, therebetween
Frictional force is very small (can be ignored), as long as disk rotational, and sliding block can be realized as the phase that it leaves the center of circle on disk
To sliding；
4th, in order to measure the centripetal force of sliding block, the device that spring is fixed on spring base is employed, by the pressure for recording spring
Contracting amount, can calculate the elastic force (be sliding block centrifugal force) of spring using Hooke's law, the centrifugal force of sliding block and sliding block to
Mental and physical efforts are active force and reaction force, you can measure the centripetal force of sliding block；
5th, in order to calculate the decrement and sliding block of measuring spring apart from rotating shaft distance, sliding block is employed in horizontal scale
Can slidably in slide block slot in bar, and sliding block upper surface abuts horizontal scale bar scale while having portrayed micro- chi, with
Sliding block is advantageously implemented apart from rotating shaft and the pin-point reading of amount of spring compression；
6th, spring base can be moved along disc radius (i.e. on the inside of horizontal scale bar) direction is rotated, after position is determined
Be fixed on horizontal scale bar both sides, to measure centrifugal force (i.e. centripetal force) of the sliding block at different radii, and according to sliding block away from
The theoretical value of centripetal force is calculated from rotating shaft diverse location and according to the calculation formula of centripetal force；
7th, horizontal scale bar is fixed on the hollow fix bar lower end of horizontal scale bar, can realize horizontal scale bar lower surface with
Disc face is separated by a distance and regulation therebetween, and horizontal scale bar medium design has slide block slot, sliding block can be realized in sliding block
Without friction (sliding block is ignored with disc face and horizontal scale bar inboard friction), transversely scale bar (radius) is square in groove
To slidably.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument front view.
Fig. 2 is except motor and other part front views in addition to rotation disk.
Fig. 3 is except the hollow fix bar of horizontal scale bar and other parts front view in addition to horizontal scale bar.
Fig. 4 is accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument top view.
Fig. 5 is that rigidity spring tests block (with micro- chi) top view with rectangle.
Fig. 6 is the side views such as horizontal scale bar and rigidity spring system.
Fig. 7 is rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) top view.
Fig. 8 is rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) precision calibration method figure.
Fig. 9 is electric cabinet front view.
Figure 10 is rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) original state top view before motor (rotating disk) is rotated.
Figure 11 is that rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) moves state top view finally after motor (rotating disk) is rotated.
Horizontal scale bar adjustment state top view when Figure 12 is experiment.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to embodiment.The explanation of following embodiments is only intended to help and understands this
Invention.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, also
Some improvement and modification can be carried out to the present invention, these are improved and modification also falls into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention
It is interior.
As shown in figure 1, being accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument front view.1st, experiment porch and peripheral fixed frame, 1-
0th, on leveling support leg, 1-2, experiment instrument side supporting walls, 1-3, experiment instrument platform, 1-4, the hollow fixed rod support of horizontal scale bar
Beam, 2, experiment instrument repair part storage drawer, 3, circular small machine, 3-1, motor fixing frame, 4, electric cabinet, 5, motor supply lines,
6th, disk is rotated, 7, the horizontal hollow fix bar of scale bar, 7-1, horizontal scale bar are fixed solid under upper back-up ring, 7-2, horizontal scale bar
Determine loop coil, 8, horizontal scale bar, 9, rigidity spring pedestal FX, 9-00, slide block slot (as shown in Figure 10).
As shown in figure 3, for except the hollow fix bar of horizontal scale bar and other parts front view in addition to horizontal scale bar.1st, test
Platform and peripheral fixed frame, 3, circular small machine, 3-1, motor fixing frame, 3-2, disk stop circle, 3-3, disk locking loop coil,
3-4, machine shaft, 4, electric cabinet, 5, motor supply lines, 6, rotate disk.
As shown in figure 4, being accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument top view.1-3, experiment instrument platform, laterally 1-4, mark
The hollow fixed rod support upper beam of chi, 1-30, leveling spirit bubble, 3, circular small machine, 3-4, circular small machine rotary shaft, 5, motor
Supply lines, 6, rotate disk, 7, the horizontal hollow fix bar of scale bar, 8, horizontal scale bar, 9-0, rigidity spring pedestal fixing groove,
9-1, rigidity spring pedestal fixed screw, 9-2, rigidity spring system, 9-3, experiment rectangle thing block, 9-21, rigidity spring；
As shown in figure 5, testing block (with micro- chi) top view with rectangle for rigidity spring.9-1, rigidity spring pedestal are fixed
Screw, 9-20, rigidity spring pedestal, 9-3, rectangle experiment block (with micro- chi), 9-21, rigidity spring, 9-30, rectangle experiment
The micro- chi of block；
As shown in fig. 6, being the side views such as horizontal scale bar and rigidity spring system.6th, disk is rotated, 8, horizontal scale bar,
9-1, rigidity spring pedestal fixed screw, 9-3, rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi), 9-20, rigidity spring firm banking, 9-
21st, rigidity spring；
As shown in fig. 7, being rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) top view.9-3, rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi),
9-30, micro- chi, 9-300, the graduation mark of micro- chi 0 (testing block center line) position；
Rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) preparation method：Graduated scale (including two ends) is symmetrical on central 0 graduation mark.
As shown in figure 8, being rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) precision calibration method.8-0, horizontal scale bar main scale are carved
Degree, 9-30, the rectangle experiment micro- chi scale of block；
Micro- chi precision：Micro- chi is engraved on rectangle experiment block upper surface, and the rectangle experiment micro- chi of block and main scale scale are same
10 lattice on side, micro- chi are identical with the 9mm length on main scale, i.e., the 1mm on main scale has been assigned on 10 lattice on micro- chi, this
Every 1 lattice on the micro- chi of sample are 0.1mm, that is to say, that the precision of micro- chi is 0.1mm.
As shown in figure 9, being electric cabinet front view.4th, electric cabinet, 4-0, electric cabinet indicator lamp, 4-1, electric cabinet switch, 4-
2nd, timing start button, 4-3, the number of turns set knob, and 4-4, time display screen, 4-5, number of turns display screen, 4-6, rotating speed set rotation
Button；
Connection description between each several part：
" the accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument " device made, is divided into experiment instrument leveling support leg 1-0, experiment instrument side
Supporting walls 1-2, experiment instrument platform 1-3, the hollow fixed rod support upper beam 1-4 of horizontal scale bar, experiment instrument repair part storage drawer
2nd, circular small machine 3, motor fixing frame 3-1, rotation disk 6, electric cabinet 4, motor supply lines 5, the hollow fixation of horizontal scale bar
Bar 7, horizontal scale bar 8.As shown in figure (1)；
" accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument " is provided with external surrounding frame 1, and experiment instrument platform 1-3 bottoms are provided with leveling branch
Support leg 1-0, leveling support leg 1-0 support experiment instrument platform 1-3, and experiment instrument platform 1-3 both sides are provided with left and right experiment instrument side
Supporting walls 1-2, is provided with the hollow fixed rod support upper beam 1-4 of horizontal scale bar, in transverse direction on experiment instrument side supporting walls 1-2 tops
The hollow fixed rod support upper beam 1-4 centers of scale bar vertical direction corresponding with circular small machine rotary shaft 3-4 is fixedly mounted laterally
The hollow fix bar 7 of scale bar, installs horizontal scale bar in the hollow lower end appropriate location of fix bar 7 of horizontal scale bar and fixes back-up ring
7-1, is arranged on horizontal scale bar by horizontal scale bar 8 and fixes upper back-up ring 7-1 lower ends, in the horizontal lower end of scale bar 8 with hollow solid
Determine loop coil 7-2 horizontal scale bar 8 is tightly secured in horizontal scale bar fixation between back-up ring 7-1 and hollow fixed spiro 7-2；
Disk stop circle 3-2 is installed in appropriate location in the rotating shaft of circular small machine 3, stops circle 3-2 upper ends socket slewing circle in disk
Disk 6, disk locking loop coil 3-3 is installed in the upper end for rotating disk 6, is allowed to disk and is stopped that circle 3-2 and disk locking loop coil 3-3 will
Disk 6 is rotated to be fastened securely to therebetween；Between the motor fixing frame 3-1 that circular small machine 3 is arranged on to experiment porch 1-3,
And adjust the circular rotating shaft 3-4 of small machine 3 and can just pack into the middle of the hollow fix bar 7 of horizontal scale bar, appropriate regulation is circular small
The upper-lower position of motor 3, is securely fixed circular small machine 3 using motor fixing frame 3-1.
Experiment repair part can be deposited in the left and right drawer 2 under experiment porch 1-3.
Laboratory operating procedures：
1st, regulating step
(1) for the sake of experimenter's operation and convenient reading, horizontal scale bar 8 can be adjusted to any orientation, such as, adjust
Save into the experiment instrument transverse direction hollow fixed rod support upper beam 1-4 of scale bar into plumbness, such as shown in figure (12)；
(2) adjusting base level.Three leveling support leg 1-0 are adjusted, are allowed to, experiment instrument platform 1-3 surface leveling levels
1-30 is steeped to be in the middle of circle；
(3) the motor supply lines 5 connected between electric cabinet 4 and circular small machine 3, and be connected with electric cabinet 4；
(4) according to experiment given condition, related experiment can arbitrarily be carried out.
2nd, experimental procedure
(1) on the premise of " accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument " is regulated, proceed as follows；
(2) rigidity spring system base 9-20 is arranged on to the steel of rigidity spring pedestal FX 9 in horizontal scale bar 8
At property spring pedestal fixing groove 9-0 relevant radii；
(3) it is m by quality1Rectangle experiment block (carry micro- chi) 9-3 be placed on the rectangle experiment block of horizontal scale bar 8
In 9-3 slide block slot 9-00, rectangle experiment block 9-3 adjacent, and and steel when 9-30 and main scale 8-0 is with scale with micro- chi
Property spring 9-21 abut, read rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) 9-3 barycenter (i.e. micro- graduation mark of chi 0) position initial reading x1
(being accurate to 0.1mm), as shown in Fig. 5,4,7,10,12；
(4) when testing, Electric vacuum box is arranged to n circles, t, motor rotational angular velocity ω the time required to n circles is rotated0(rad/
s)；Open electric cabinet 4 power supply 4-1, indicator lamp 4-0 bright, motor 3 drives rotation disk 6 to start to rotate, and rotary rpm sets knob
4-6 is set compared with low-rotate speed n0(rev/min), rotates the number of turns and sets knob 4-3 to set motor 4 to rotate 50 circles, number of turns display screen 4-5
Display 50, presses timing start button 4-2, treats that motor 4 rotates 50 and enclosed, that is, rotates the rotation of disk 6 50 and enclose, motor 4, which drives, to be rotated
Disk 6 is automatically stopped rotation, and time display screen 4-4 can show the circle of rotation 50 total time t used, then the cycle is T=t/50, angle
Speed is ω=2 π/T, such as shown in figure (9)；
(5) motor 4, which drives, rotates in the beginning rotation process of disk 6, and rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) 9-3 will turn
Hung down in the horizontal inner slide groove 9-00 of scale bar 8 along slide block slot direction (radial direction) and rigidity spring 9-21 on the dynamic surface of disk 6
To (radial direction), dorsad rotary shaft slides in and out Nogata, and rigidity spring 9-21 is compressed into relevant position；
(6) block (carrying micro- chi) 9-3 is tested after rectangle after stabilization, to read rectangle in slide block slot 9-00 and test block
(carrying micro- chi) 9-3 positions reading x2(being accurate to 0.1mm), such as shown in figure (11)；
(7) according to as above experiment data streams read x1、x2, rigidity spring is obtained by decrement Δ x=x2-x1If, rigidity spring
Coefficient of elasticity k, according to Hooke's law f=k Δ x, the power is rectangle experiment block (carry micro- chi) 9-3 centrifugal force,
Namely rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) 9-3 is x apart from rotating shaft distance on disk 6 is rotated2Centripetal force (experiment value)；
(8) x is known again2It is that rectangle tests block (carrying micro- chi) 9-3 to rotating shaft distance (radius), is counted according to formula (1)
Calculate the theoretical value f of centripetal forceIt is theoretical；Then the comparison of experiment value and theoretical value is expressed as with percent error
(9) similarly, using same angular velocity omega0, quality is m by we2(m2>m1) rectangle experiment block (with micro-
Chi) 9-3 is placed in the rectangle of horizontal scale bar 8 experiment block 9-3 slide block slot 9-00, and rectangle experiment block 9-3 (carries micro- chi
In 9-30) it is adjacent when carrying scale with main scale 8-0, and abutted with rigidity spring 9-21, read rectangle experiment block (with micro-
Chi) 9-3 barycenter (i.e. micro- graduation mark of chi 0) position initial reading x1(being accurate to 0.1mm)；Test, motor 3, which drives, rotates disk 6
Rotate, test block (carrying micro- chi) 9-3 in slide block slot 9-00 after stabilization after rectangle, reading rectangle experiment block is (with micro-
Chi) 9-3 positions reading x3(being accurate to 0.1mm), then Δ x '=x3-x1, centripetal force experiment value f=k Δs x '；Again with handle
M2, x3 substitute into (1) formula, the theoretical value f calculatedIt is theoreticalBe compared, it represented using percent error, (such as Fig. 5,4,7,10,11,
Shown in 12)；
(10) if rotational speed sets knob 4-6, very fast angular velocity omega is reset1(ω1>ω0)(rad/s)；By matter
Measure as m1Rectangle experiment block (carry micro- chi) 9-3 be placed on horizontal scale bar 8 rectangle experiment block 9-3 slide block slot 9-00
It is interior, rectangle experiment block 9-3 with micro- chi when 9-30 and main scale 8-0 is with scale it is adjacent, and abutted with rigidity spring 9-21,
Read rectangle experiment block (carrying micro- chi) 9-3 barycenter (i.e. micro- graduation mark of chi 0) position initial reading x1(being accurate to 0.1mm) enters
Row experiment as described above, this when, the decrement of rigidity spring will be bigger, i.e., centrifugal force is bigger, that is to say, that centripetal force is more
Greatly, corresponding readings x can equally be read4, by x4Substitute into the theoretical value f that formula (1) calculates centripetal forceIt is theoreticalWith experiment value f=
K Δs x ' is compared, and is represented using percent error, (as shown in Fig. 5,4,7,10,11,12)；
Conclusion：By above-mentioned experiment, we demonstrate formula f=m ω2R=m (4 π2)/T2R is correct.
Experimental principle：
The quality for being provided as circular motion object is m, and the radius of gyration (i.e. distance of the object to rotating shaft) of object is r, makees even
Fast circular motion angular speed is ω=2 π/T (cycle T), then centripetal force can be expressed as
F=m ω2R=m (4 π2)/T2 r……(1)
Wherein, T is rotates the rotation period of disk, and n is the number of total coils that motor (rotation disk) is turned over, and t is rotation disk
The total time required for n circles is turned over, then nT=t, cycle T=t/n, angular speed is ω=2 π/T；
It can be seen that from formula (1)：Object makees the centripetal force of uniform circular motion, is directly proportional to mass of object m, with circumference
The angular velocity omega square of motion is directly proportional, i.e. the cycle square (T with uniform circular motion2) be inversely proportional, make at the uniform velocity to justify with object
Zhou Yundong radius r is directly proportional.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument, it is characterised in that：Including external surrounding frame (1), experiment instrument leveling support leg
(1-0), experiment instrument side supporting walls (1-2), experiment instrument platform (1-3), the horizontal hollow fixed rod support upper beam (1-4) of scale bar,
Experiment instrument repair part storage drawer (2), circular small machine (3), motor fixing frame (3-1), rotate disk (6), electric cabinet (4),
Motor supply lines (5), the horizontal hollow fix bar of scale bar (7), horizontal scale bar (8) and rigidity spring pedestal FX (9)；
Experiment instrument platform (1-3) bottom is provided with leveling support leg (1-0), leveling support leg (1-0) support experiment instrument platform (1-
3) experiment instrument platform (1-3) both sides, are provided with left and right experiment instrument side supporting walls (1-2), on experiment instrument side supporting walls (1-2) top
End is provided with the hollow fixed rod support upper beam (1-4) of horizontal scale bar, in the hollow fixed rod support upper beam (1-4) of horizontal scale bar
The horizontal hollow fix bar of scale bar (7) is fixedly mounted in center vertical direction corresponding with circular small machine rotary shaft (3-4), in transverse direction
The hollow fix bar of scale bar (7) lower end installs horizontal scale bar and fixes upper back-up ring (7-1), and horizontal scale bar (8) will be fixedly mounted
Upper back-up ring (7-1) lower end is fixed installed in horizontal scale bar, hollow fixed spiro (7-2) is passed through in horizontal scale bar (8) lower end
Make horizontal scale bar (8) be fixed on horizontal scale bar to fix above between back-up ring (7-1) and hollow fixed spiro (7-2)；
Disk is installed in the rotating shaft of circular small machine (3) and stops circle (3-2), stops that circle (3-2) upper end set switches through in disk
Dynamic disk (6), disk locking loop coil (3-3) is installed in the upper end for rotating disk (6), and disk stops circle (3-2) and disk locking
It is fixed therebetween that loop coil (3-3) will rotate disk (6)；
Circular small machine (3) is arranged between the motor fixing frame (3-1) of experiment porch (1-3), circular small machine rotary shaft (3-
4) pack into the middle of the hollow fix bar of horizontal scale bar (7), it is by motor fixing frame (3-1) that circular small machine (3) is fixed.
2. the accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument according to claim (1), it is characterised in that：The rigidity spring bottom
Seat FX (9) includes：Rigidity spring pedestal fixing groove (9-0), rigidity spring pedestal fixed screw (9-1), rigidity spring
System (9-2), rectangle experiment block (9-3), rigidity spring (9-21) and the rectangle experiment micro- chi of block (9-30)；Rigidity spring system
Base (9-20) of uniting is arranged on the rigidity spring pedestal fixing groove of rigidity spring pedestal FX (9) in horizontal scale bar (8)
At the relevant radii of (9-0)；Rectangle experiment block (9-3) is placed on the sliding block of the rectangle experiment block (9-3) of horizontal scale bar (8)
In groove (9-00), rectangle experiment block (9-3) carries scale side phase with the rectangle experiment micro- chi of block (9-30) with main scale (8-0)
Neighbour, and abutted with rigidity spring (9-21).
3. the operating method of accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including as follows
Step：
The first step：Rigidity spring system base (9-20) is arranged on rigidity spring pedestal FX in horizontal scale bar (8)
(9) at the relevant radii of rigidity spring pedestal fixing groove (9-0)；
Second step：It is m by quality1Rectangle experiment block (9-3) be placed on horizontal scale bar (8) rectangle experiment block (9-3)
Slide block slot (9-00) in, rectangle experiment block (9-3) with micro- chi when (9-30) and main scale (8-0) are with scale it is adjacent,
And abutted with rigidity spring (9-21), read rectangle experiment block (9-3) centroid position initial reading x1；
3rd step：During experiment, Electric vacuum box is arranged to n circles, t, motor rotational angular velocity ω the time required to n circles is rotated0；Open electricity
Control case (4) power supply (4-1), indicator lamp (4-0) is bright, motor (3), which drives, to be rotated disk (6) and start to rotate, press timing start by
Button (4-2), treats that motor (4) rotation 50 is enclosed, that is, rotates disk (6) and rotate 50 circles, motor (4) drive rotating disk (6), which is automatically stopped, to be turned
It is dynamic, 50 circles total time t used is rotated, then the cycle is T=t/50, and angular speed is ω=2 π/T；
4th step：Motor (4) drives rotating disk (6) to start in rotation process, and rectangle experiment block (9-3) will rotate disk
(6) surface is in horizontal scale bar (8) inner slide groove (9-00), along slide block slot direction and rigidity spring (9-21) vertical direction
Slide in and out, rigidity spring (9-21) is compressed into a certain position；
5th step：After rectangle experiment block (9-3) is stable in slide block slot (9-00), rectangle experiment block (9-3) institute is read
In position readings x2；
6th step：According to as above experiment data streams read x1、x2, rigidity spring is obtained by decrement Δ x=x2-x1If, rigidity spring
Coefficient of elasticity k, according to Hooke's law f=k Δ x, the power is the centrifugal force of rectangle experiment block (9-3), namely rectangular
Shape experiment block (9-3) is x apart from rotating shaft distance on disk (6) is rotated2Centripetal force experiment value fExperiment；
7th step：X is known again2Rotating shaft distance is arrived for rectangle experiment block (9-3), the theory of centripetal force is calculated according to formula (1)
Value fIt is theoretical；
F=m ω2R=m (4 π2)/T2The comparison of r ... (1) then experiment value and theoretical value is expressed as with percent error：
8th step：Similarly, using same angular velocity omega0, quality is m by we2Rectangle experiment block (9-3) be placed on transverse direction
In the slide block slot (9-00) of the rectangle experiment block (9-3) of scale bar (8), wherein m2>m1, rectangle experiment block (9-3) is with micro-
Chi is adjacent when (9-30) is with main scale (8-0), and is abutted with rigidity spring (9-21), reads rectangle experiment block (9-3) barycenter
Position initial reading x1；Test, motor (3), which drives, rotates disk (6) rotation, treats that rectangle tests block (9-3) in slide block slot (9-
00) in after stabilization, rectangle experiment block (9-3) position reading x is read3, then Δ x '=x3-x1, centripetal force f=k Δs x '
Experiment value fExperiment；Again with m2、x3(1) formula of substitution, the theoretical value f of the centripetal force calculatedIt is theoretical, and theoretical value fIt is theoreticalWith experiment
Value fExperiment(2) formula of substitution is compared, i.e., represented using percent error；
9th step：If rotational speed sets knob (4-6), very fast angular velocity omega is reset1, ω1>ω0；It is m by quality1's
Rectangle experiment block (9-3) is placed in the slide block slot (9-00) of the rectangle of horizontal scale bar (8) experiment block (9-3), rectangle
Test block (9-3) adjacent when (9-30) is with main scale scale (8-0) with micro- chi, and abutted with rigidity spring (9-21), read
Rectangle experiment block (9-3) centroid position initial reading x1Tested as described above, this when rigidity spring decrement just
Can be bigger, i.e., centrifugal force is bigger, that is to say, that centripetal force is bigger, can equally read corresponding readings x4, by x4Substitute into formula (1)
Calculate the theoretical value f of centripetal forceIt is theoreticalIt is compared with experiment value f=k Δs x ', wherein Δ x '=x4-x1。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108062890A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-05-22 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of novel centripetal force quantitative measurment experiment instrument |
| CN108389479A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-08-10 | 唐山师范学院 | Centripetal force experimental apparatus |
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| GB191119597A (en) * | 1911-09-04 | 1912-04-25 | Walter Elsworthy Lilly | A Machine for Demonstrating on Centrifugal Force. |
| CN2035520U (en) * | 1988-08-27 | 1989-04-05 | 唐定山 | Tester for centripetal force |
| CN2373853Y (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2000-04-12 | 刘贵毅 | Centripetal experiment apparatus |
| CN202549114U (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2012-11-21 | 西华师范大学 | Electric centripetal force quantitative analysis demonstration instrument |
| CN207199155U (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-04-06 | 浙江大学城市学院 | Accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191119597A (en) * | 1911-09-04 | 1912-04-25 | Walter Elsworthy Lilly | A Machine for Demonstrating on Centrifugal Force. |
| CN2035520U (en) * | 1988-08-27 | 1989-04-05 | 唐定山 | Tester for centripetal force |
| CN2373853Y (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2000-04-12 | 刘贵毅 | Centripetal experiment apparatus |
| CN202549114U (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2012-11-21 | 西华师范大学 | Electric centripetal force quantitative analysis demonstration instrument |
| CN207199155U (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-04-06 | 浙江大学城市学院 | Accurate measurement centripetal force size experiment instrument |
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| CN108389479A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-08-10 | 唐山师范学院 | Centripetal force experimental apparatus |
| CN108062890A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-05-22 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of novel centripetal force quantitative measurment experiment instrument |
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