CN107123153A - A kind of a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method - Google Patents
A kind of a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107123153A CN107123153A CN201710203389.3A CN201710203389A CN107123153A CN 107123153 A CN107123153 A CN 107123153A CN 201710203389 A CN201710203389 A CN 201710203389A CN 107123153 A CN107123153 A CN 107123153A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T13/00—Animation
- G06T13/20—3D [Three Dimensional] animation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
- G06T19/20—Editing of 3D images, e.g. changing shapes or colours, aligning objects or positioning parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06T2210/00—Indexing scheme for image generation or computer graphics
- G06T2210/56—Particle system, point based geometry or rendering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2219/00—Indexing scheme for manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
- G06T2219/20—Indexing scheme for editing of 3D models
- G06T2219/2016—Rotation, translation, scaling
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method, and it includes forest surface fire geometry and topology information generation, forest surface fire boundary visualization, forest surface fire internal intensity are represented, forest surface fire boundary dynamics promote four modules of visualization.The structure of surface-fire is divided into border and inside by the present invention, is used the analog result that semiempirical is simulated for boundary member, is built geometry and topology information, simulative display is realized using particIe system；Inside surface-fire, different brackets is divided according to scene of a fire intensity, realizes that the scene of a fire of two dimension and three-dimensional landform carry out seamless mapping by template caching technology, and different color depths is used to different intensity grades, authenticity is enhanced, the science of fire can be embodied in virtual analog system again.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forest fire prevention and control safe practice and the crossing domain of computer real graph visualization, and in particular to big
Scope forest surface fire real-time visual analogy method.
Background technology
Forest fire can be generally divided into underground fire, surface-fire and crown fire three types.Surface-fire refers to along forest land
Surface is spread to surrounding extension, while the forest fire of ground cover is burnt, breakdown strength big the features such as wide with scope.One side
Face, due to surface-fire burning range of scatter it is big the characteristics of, greatly increase in a computer simulate and show difficulty.Therefore base
Be not suitable for the large-scale forest surface fire of simulation in the simulation of physics, it is necessary to find out a kind of amount of calculation small and do not influence the sense of reality to imitate
The method of fruit.On the other hand, in the landform of the virtual scene mesorelief of computer, the visualization of dynamic realtime surface-fire is real
Now fire extinguishing auxiliary optimal case formulate DSS important component, be also this direction research difficulties it
One, its main cause is the forest fire forecast border of two dimension, due to a lack of " Z " value information, therefore can not be accurate with dimensional topography well
Laminating." thin seam " is formed between two-dimentional Boundary of fire field and dimensional topography when three-dimensional visualization, display effect is have impact on.
In virtual environment, the triangle grid model of landform is typically built by GRID algorithms by rectangular lattice data,
And on this basis, be overlapped remote sensing image with the triangle grid model in texture form by UV coordinates, and finally exist
The Drawing of Three-Dimensional Topography of fluctuating is realized in virtual environment.
The iterative calculation of forest fire appealing mathematical forecasting model and final output is a series of is made up of planar polygons
Fire border.At present, forest fire forecast mathematical modeling has been able to predict a series of fire diffusion side under different time step-length
Boundary, the Boundary of fire field is a series of geometry letter that forest Boundary of fire field under the time point is recorded with continuous coordinate points polygons
Breath and topology information.The general data format using vector is stored in GIS-Geographic Information System.The visualization of surface-fire of the present invention
Effect requirements：The science that predicted boundary spreads on dimensional topography should be considered, take into account again presented effect will with it is true
Real forest fire is close.Therefore, the forest surface fire in the present invention is by two parts of having fired, burnt, already region according to
Fire intensity is further divided into slight and severe two states.Burned region domain represents forest ground flora and burnt by forest fire, and
And flame extinguishes substantially.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method, in a computer virtual
The drafting of the sense of reality of a wide range of forest surface fire calamity of dynamic implement in geographical environment, for forest fire study mechanism, forest
In terms of decision-making fire extinguishing and forest fire dangerous grade classification, realistic, dynamic and science.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：A kind of a wide range of forest surface fire real-time visual
Method, it is characterised in that including forest surface fire geometry and topology information generation, forest surface fire boundary visualization, woodland
Table fire internal intensity is represented, forest surface fire boundary dynamics promote four modules of visualization；Wherein：The forest surface fire geometry
Topology information is generated, and is calculated for forest surface fire boundary information；The forest surface fire boundary visualization, for surface-fire side
Boundary is shown；The forest surface fire internal intensity is represented, for realizing disaster-stricken situation inside gloomy inner fire, enhances forest earth's surface
The sense of reality of fire simulation；The forest surface fire boundary dynamics promote visualization, for realizing forest surface fire over time
Promote, the Dynamic Announce of the diffusion on surface-fire border.
In an embodiment of the present invention, forest surface fire geometry and topology information generation, are specifically included：Geological information and open up
Flutter information：By surface-fire model with a fixed step size, and calculate the surface-fire border of the step-length, i.e., one time step meter
Calculate a Boundary of fire field, a series of each Boundary of fire field Polygons Representation that 2 D vertexes are constituted clockwise；Attribute
Information：The numbering of the Boundary of fire field, time point, area and the fire type occurred.
Preferably, the semiempirical models of Rotherml 1972 that surface-fire model is used.
In an embodiment of the present invention, forest surface fire boundary visualization includes the calculating of linear particle position, particle emission
Device is set, particle effect shows three parts；Linear particle position is calculated：For the table on surface-fire border under each time step
It is the polygon constituted using the summit discharged by clock-wise order to show method；Particle emitter is set：Each line segment is according to line
Property differential technique, every n meters set a particle emitter, to direction straight up launch particle；N is natural number；ParticIe system
Effect is shown：Each particle according to flame feature random deviation within the specific limits, the weight of Initialize installation particle, color,
Acceleration and other attributes.
In an embodiment of the present invention, described forest surface fire internal intensity represents to include scene of a fire intensity division, template
Two parts of display of caching；Scene of a fire intensity is divided：For the surface-fire under sometime step-length, fired inside it according to the time
The destructiveness for burning duration length and vegetation is divided into some grades；The display of template caching：Cached using template
Mode, is that two-dimentional Boundary of fire field builds template body, and be mapped in planar polygons on dimensional topography so that planar polygons with
Dimensional topography is seamless to combine together.And according to scene of a fire intensity, surface-fire border inner is realized by the way of gray scale gradual change
Display.
In an embodiment of the present invention, described forest surface fire boundary dynamics promote visualization to include automatic animation and shown
Show, manual animation shows two parts；Automatic animation is shown：Set displaying ratio and the earth's surface fire spread time of time shaft
Section；The time started to end time is simulated from surface-fire, temporally step-length is interval and the order spread, dynamic is promoted explicitly
The diffusion process of table fire, and show in screen the numbering of the corresponding Boundary of fire field of each time step, the time point occurred, face
Product, fire type information；Manual animation is shown：User can root by pulling the surface-fire border in time sliding block, three-dimensional scenic
According to the dragging of user, the surface-fire three-dimensional visualization effect of some period is accordingly shown.
In an embodiment of the present invention, it is as follows the step of a wide range of forest fire boundary visualization under some time point：S1：Lead
Enter the meteorological data on the day of landform, combustible and the simulation in survey region；S2：Set time and the time step of calculating simulation
It is long, transfer to surface-fire prognosis modelling system-computed；S3：Based on the fire border under the time point, side is inwardly reduced simultaneously
Boundary, represents the border of different disaster-stricken intensity respectively, is that the drafting of follow-up fire border inner lays the first stone；S4：Using mould
The algorithm of plate caching, the topographical surface that the disaster-stricken intensity border of varying strength is respectively mapped to rise and fall, and with different colors
Represent fire intensity；S5：Create elementary particle pel template and particle emitter；S6：According to polygon on the border of outermost
The location point of shape, the locus that interpolation goes out between two location points in the way of equal proportion respectively, and pass through ray method of testing meter
Corresponding landform altitude is calculated, and an elementary particle pel is placed on interpolation geographical position, by numerous particle pels most
The border of fire is formed afterwards.
Compared with prior art, the present invention on the formation base for analyzing large-scale forest fires, using template caching and
Two kinds of technologies of particIe system realize the visualization of combustion zone and combustion boundary forest fires respectively, wherein in particIe system, in order to
Enable particle on rolling topography, height value of each particle cell in this locus calculated using X-ray detection X technology,
And by particle cell in a seamless fashion " plantation " to rise and fall dimensional topography surface.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of template caching and particIe system simulating forest surface-fire.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that forest surface fire is spread by 1 hours step-length.
Embodiment
Explanation is further explained to the present invention with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention provides a kind of a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method, and it includes forest surface fire geometry and opened up
Flutter information generation, forest surface fire boundary visualization, forest surface fire internal intensity represent, forest surface fire boundary dynamics promote
Visualize four modules；Wherein：The forest surface fire geometric topology information generation, based on forest surface fire boundary information
Calculate；The forest surface fire boundary visualization, shows for surface-fire border；The forest surface fire internal intensity is represented, is used
In realizing disaster-stricken situation inside gloomy inner fire, the sense of reality of forest surface fire simulation is enhanced；Move on the forest surface fire border
State promotes visualization, for realizing the propulsion of forest surface fire over time, the Dynamic Announce of the diffusion on surface-fire border.
In an embodiment of the present invention, forest surface fire geometry and topology information generation, are specifically included：Geological information and open up
Flutter information：By the semiempirical models of surface-fire Rotherml 1972 with a fixed step size, and calculate the surface-fire border of the step-length
, i.e., one time step calculates a Boundary of fire field, a series of each Boundary of fire field 2 D vertex institutes structure clockwise
Into Polygons Representation；Attribute information：The numbering of the Boundary of fire field, time point, area and the fire type occurred.
In an embodiment of the present invention, forest surface fire boundary visualization includes the calculating of linear particle position, particle emission
Device is set, particle effect shows three parts；Linear particle position is calculated：For the table on surface-fire border under each time step
It is the polygon constituted using the summit discharged by clock-wise order to show method；Particle emitter is set：Each line segment is according to line
Property differential technique, every n meters set a particle emitter, to direction straight up launch particle；N is natural number；ParticIe system
Effect is shown：Each particle is according to flame feature random deviation within the specific limits（Such as 10%）, the weight of Initialize installation particle
Amount, color, acceleration and other attributes.In an embodiment of the present invention, n is 3.
In an embodiment of the present invention, described forest surface fire internal intensity represents to include scene of a fire intensity division, template
Two parts of display of caching；Scene of a fire intensity is divided：For the surface-fire under sometime step-length, fired inside it according to the time
The destructiveness for burning duration length and vegetation is divided into some grades；The display of template caching：Cached using template
Mode, is that two-dimentional Boundary of fire field builds template body, and be mapped in planar polygons on dimensional topography so that planar polygons with
Dimensional topography is seamless to combine together.And according to scene of a fire intensity, surface-fire border inner is realized by the way of gray scale gradual change
Display.
In an embodiment of the present invention, described forest surface fire boundary dynamics promote visualization to include automatic animation and shown
Show, manual animation shows two parts；Automatic animation is shown：Set displaying ratio and the earth's surface fire spread time of time shaft
Section；The time started to end time is simulated from surface-fire, temporally step-length is interval and the order spread, dynamic is promoted explicitly
The diffusion process of table fire, and show in screen the numbering of the corresponding Boundary of fire field of each time step, the time point occurred, face
Product, fire type information；Manual animation is shown：User can root by pulling the surface-fire border in time sliding block, three-dimensional scenic
According to the dragging of user, the surface-fire three-dimensional visualization effect of some period is accordingly shown.
Generally implementation of the invention by flow be divided into a wide range of forest surface fire diffusion term calculate, visualization display and
Dynamic Announce operates three parts.A wide range of forest surface fire diffusion term is using authoritative forest surface fire forecast model
Rotherml 1972 and Huygens (Huygens's ripple dianoetic) are calculated, the side of typicallying represent on fire border under some time point
Formula is a series of polygon being made up of geographical coordinate position points, as shown in region b in Fig. 1.Forest fire is individual dynamic
Process, time step s and total simulated time t is first set before the calculating of forest predicted boundary, forecast model with set when
The a length of interval of spacer step, calculates t/s fire border（Polygon）.These fire borders are laid for follow-up dynamic diffusion simulations
Basis.
There is the forest fire forecast border under some time step-length, the present invention realizes a wide range of forest fire side under some time point
The visual step in boundary is as follows：
The first step：Meteorological data on the day of the landform, combustible and the simulation that import in survey region.
Second step：Time and the time step of calculating simulation are set, surface-fire prognosis modelling system-computed is transferred to
3rd step：Based on the fire border under the time point, 95%, 80% border is inwardly reduced simultaneously, is represented respectively not
The border of same disaster-stricken intensity, is that the drafting of follow-up fire border inner lays the first stone.
4th step：The algorithm cached using template, the ground that the disaster-stricken intensity border of three kinds of intensity is respectively mapped to rise and fall
Shape surface, and represent that intensity is bigger, and color is deeper with pullous translucent color is connect.
5th step：Create elementary particle pel template and particle emitter.
6th step：According to polygonal location point on the border of outermost, interpolation goes out two in the way of equal proportion respectively
Locus between individual location point, and corresponding landform altitude is calculated by ray method of testing, and on interpolation geographical position
Place an elementary particle pel.The border of fire is eventually formed by numerous particle pels.
The sense of reality, which is embodied in, in the present invention is divided into large-scale surface-fire region：Fired, two parts of burning.
Right region is divided into slight and severe two states according to fire intensity.Already region be represented inside forest fire forest cover by
Forest fire is destroyed, and template caching technology is used in the present invention by the border of forest fires（Polygon）In Z axis（Vertical direction）Toward ground
Face maps, and represents different breakdown strengths with different colours and fill it into corresponding geospatial area.Fire side
The dynamic effect of forest fire flame and cigarette is realized using particIe system in battery limit (BL) domain.
Its principle of template caching technology is that planar polygons are placed to a parts of height such as Fig. 1 enough, and each summit is erected
Directly down extend, until being crossed to form body with lower part dimensional topography, viewpoint forms ray with some position in scene, if
Stencil value is 1 then portion in vivo, and stencil value is 0 position portion in vitro.The stencil value of locus point initialization is all 0,
The value of template calculates standard, such as 1：Ray then adds 1 into body, and ray goes out body and then subtracts 1.For example, the last mould in Fig. 1 midpoints 1,2,3
Plate value is respectively：1,0,0, then 1 is put in template body, then is polygonal inside, is inside surface-fire.And put 2, point 3 and exist
Template body inside and outside, is outside surface-fire.Different gray values are filled inside surface-fire further according to scene of a fire intensity.Fig. 2 is gloomy
The schematic diagram that woods surface-fire is spread by 1 hours step-length.
The diffusion of forest fire is dynamic process in time, therefore, and the present invention calculates the initial setting time in simulation
The temporal frequency of the method control forest fire diffusion of step-length, generally using half an hour as a time step.Line is used in the present invention
Property compression mode time dimension will time etc. than partial compression, user's operation forest fire diffusion process is using automatic and dragging
Time sliding block two ways.
Surface-fire model in the present invention is using the classical semiempirical models of Rotherml 1972, and forest fire border is adopted
Calculated with Huygens (Huygens's ripple dianoetic).
Above is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all changes made according to technical solution of the present invention, produced function is made
During with scope without departing from technical solution of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is belonged to.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method, it is characterised in that including forest surface fire geometry and topology
Information generation, forest surface fire boundary visualization, forest surface fire internal intensity are represented, forest surface fire boundary dynamics are promoted can
Depending on changing four modules；Wherein：
The forest surface fire geometric topology information generation, is calculated for forest surface fire boundary information；
The forest surface fire boundary visualization, shows for surface-fire border；
The forest surface fire internal intensity is represented, for realizing disaster-stricken situation inside gloomy inner fire, enhances forest surface fire
The sense of reality of simulation；
The forest surface fire boundary dynamics promote visualization, for realizing the propulsion of forest surface fire over time, surface-fire
The Dynamic Announce of the diffusion on border.
2. a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Forest surface fire
Geometry and topology information generation, are specifically included：
Geological information and topology information：By surface-fire model with a fixed step size, and calculate the surface-fire border of the step-length,
I.e. one time step calculates a Boundary of fire field, and a series of 2 D vertexes of each Boundary of fire field clockwise direction are constituted
Polygons Representation；
Attribute information：The numbering of the Boundary of fire field, time point, area and the fire type occurred.
3. a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Surface-fire model
The semiempirical models of Rotherml 1972 of use.
4. a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Forest surface fire
Boundary visualization is calculated including linear particle position, particle emitter is set, particle effect shows three parts；
Linear particle position is calculated：Method for expressing for surface-fire border under each time step is used by clock-wise order
The polygon that the summit of discharge is constituted；
Particle emitter is set：Each line segment is according to linear difference method, every one particle emitter of n meter settings, to vertically to
Launch particle in upper direction；N is natural number；
ParticIe system effect is shown：Each particle is according to flame feature random deviation, Initialize installation particle within the specific limits
Weight, color, acceleration and other attributes.
5. a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described forest
Surface-fire internal intensity represents to include two parts of display that scene of a fire intensity is divided, template is cached；
Scene of a fire intensity is divided：It is long according to the time of time combustion continuation inside it for the surface-fire under sometime step-length
Short and vegetation destructiveness is divided into some grades；
The display of template caching：It is that two-dimentional Boundary of fire field builds template body by the way of template is cached, and in planar polygons
Be mapped on dimensional topography so that planar polygons with dimensional topography is seamless combines together.And according to scene of a fire intensity, using ash
The mode of degree gradual change realizes the display of surface-fire border inner.
6. a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described forest
Surface-fire boundary dynamics promote visualization to include, and automatic animation is shown, manual animation shows two parts；
Automatic animation is shown：Set displaying ratio and the earth's surface fire spread period of time shaft；When surface-fire is simulated
Between to the end time, temporally step-length is interval and the order spread, and dynamic promotes the diffusion process of explicitly table fire, and in screen
Numbering, the time point occurred, area, the fire type information that the corresponding Boundary of fire field of each time step is shown in curtain；
Manual animation is shown：User by pull surface-fire border in time sliding block, three-dimensional scenic can according to the dragging of user,
Accordingly show the surface-fire three-dimensional visualization effect of some period.
7. a wide range of forest surface fire real time visualized method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
It is as follows the step of a wide range of forest fire boundary visualization under some time point：
S1：Meteorological data on the day of the landform, combustible and the simulation that import in survey region；
S2：Time and the time step of calculating simulation are set, surface-fire prognosis modelling system-computed is transferred to；
S3：Based on the fire border under the time point, border is inwardly reduced simultaneously, different disaster-stricken intensity are represented respectively
Border, is that the drafting of follow-up fire border inner lays the first stone；
S4：The algorithm cached using template, the topographical surface that the disaster-stricken intensity border of varying strength is respectively mapped to rise and fall, and
Fire intensity is represented with different colors；
S5：Create elementary particle pel template and particle emitter;
S6：According to polygonal location point on the border of outermost, interpolation goes out two location points in the way of equal proportion respectively
Between locus, and corresponding landform altitude is calculated by ray method of testing, and place on interpolation geographical position one
Elementary particle pel, the border of fire is eventually formed by numerous particle pels.
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