CN107110117A - It is related to the improvement of wind turbine - Google Patents
It is related to the improvement of wind turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN107110117A CN107110117A CN201580069188.8A CN201580069188A CN107110117A CN 107110117 A CN107110117 A CN 107110117A CN 201580069188 A CN201580069188 A CN 201580069188A CN 107110117 A CN107110117 A CN 107110117A
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- blade
- receiver
- wind turbine
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraflufen-ethyl Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OCC(=O)OCC)=CC(C=2C(=C(OC(F)F)N(C)N=2)Cl)=C1F APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
- F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method for the torsion angle for determining wind turbine blade, this method, which is included on wind turbine blade, provides the first and second transmitters, first transmitter is separated with the first distance and receiver, and second transmitter is separated with second distance with receiver, transmitter is arranged so that the torsion of blade causes an increase in first or second distance and another reduction in first or second distance；Launch flash signal from each in the first and second transmitters towards receiver, flash signal has flicker frequency；Change the flicker frequency of flash signal；The amplitude of the flash signal received by receiver is monitored when flicker frequency changes；It is determined that causing the increased specific flicker frequency of amplitude of flash signal received by receiver；And blade twist angle is calculated using the specific flicker frequency determined.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to wind turbine and relate more specifically to it is a kind of be used for wind turbine use
Period determines the method and system of the torsion degree of wind turbine blade.
Background technology
Modern utility grade (utility-scale) wind turbine has rotor, and the rotor includes very long and very thin leaf
Piece.Fig. 1 shows typical wind turbine blade 10, and the wind turbine blade is from relatively wide butt 12 towards relatively
Narrow top end 14 is longitudinally tapered.Also figure 1 illustrates the longitudinal axes L of blade 10.The cross section of the butt 12 of blade is circle
Shape.From root outwards, the cross section of blade has aerofoil shaped 16.
The general wheel hub that rotor is connected to via blade pitch device in the root of blade, the blade pitch device makes blade become around longitudinal direction
Oar axis L rotates to change the pitch of blade.The pitch for changing blade changes its angle of attack relative to wind.This is used to control leaf
The energy capture of piece, and spinner velocity is thus controlled, to cause it to be maintained when wind speed changes in operational limits.As little as
In medium wind, particularly importantly control the pitch of blade to maximize the energy capture of blade and make wind turbine
The productivity ratio of machine is maximized.
The energy capture of wind turbine blade generally increases with being moved from root towards taper.Thus, blade
10 inner side or root portion 12 are tended to capture minimum energy, and capture is tended to most in the outside of blade or taper part 14
Many energy.It is therefore desirable for carrying out accurate control for the propeller pitch angle of the Outboard Sections of blade to make the output of wind turbine
Maximize.
Modern wind turbine blade typically has 50-80 meters of length, and the constantly longer leaf of dynamic exploitation
Piece from wind to capture more energy.Blade is generally made up of composite, such as fiberglass reinforced plastics (GFRP).
Blade therefore for relative flexibility and during operation inevitably bend and reverse to a certain extent.Blade is relatively
Narrow Outboard Sections are particularly susceptible to reverse and Bending Influence.
Although blade pitch device allows the angle for the root of blade accurately to be controlled, this not necessarily reflects as above
The angle of the literary taper for being easier the blade by bending and torsion effect.The present invention provides a kind of for accurately measuring
The method and apparatus of the torsion angle of blade tips, enable to utilize the information in control strategy.For example, can be in pitch
The accurate measurement of torsion angle is utilized in control strategy, it is allowed to accurately controlled for the angle of attack of the Outboard Sections of blade, so that
The energy capture of blade can be maximized by obtaining.It can also be calculated in blade loading and protect blade using measurement in control strategy
It is not subjected to extreme loads.
The torsion angle of blade is defined herein as chord line of the blade at taper and the longitudinal axis substantially perpendicular to blade
The angle between axis of reference in line L plane, such as now will reference picture 2a and 2b described by way of embodiment.The wing
The string of a musical instrument is the straight line D that the leading edge 18 of blade 10 is connected to trailing edge 20.
The wind that Fig. 2 a and 2b are illustrated in the plane substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axes L and intercepted along the line A-A in Fig. 1
The cross-sectional view of the taper of power turbine blade 10.In fig. 2 a, blade 10 has the first torsion angle, and in figure 2b, blade
10 have the second torsion angle.Torsion angle is marked in Fig. 2 a and 2b.Longitudinal axes L is substantially perpendicular in Fig. 2 a and 2b
Paper plane.
The Plane of rotation of L-y planes bound rotors, and x-axis is perpendicular to the plane.Rotor surrounds the rotation of rotor axis
Direction is indicated by the R in Fig. 2 a and 2b, when rotor turns over the angle of 2 π radians, in direction of rotation tracking L-y planes
Circle.Wind direction is designated as the W in Fig. 2 a and 2b.In Fig. 2 a and 2b, wind direction is shown as perpendicular to L-y planes, although actually phase
For the change of the wind of L-y planes, and can be incident with different angles.
In fig. 2 a, blade tips torsion angle is defined as 0 radian, i.e. when chord line D is parallel to x-axis and therefore vertical
When L-y planes.Fig. 2 b displaying blade tips turn over angle, θ relative to x-axis, so that θ>0.
In the follow-up discussion of the present invention, it will using the defined above of blade twist angle.In other words, blade twist angle θ
Relative to axis (Fig. 2 a and 2b x-axis) definition, the axis is formed as Plane of rotation (Fig. 2 a and the 2b L-y perpendicular to blade
Plane).It is to be realized, however, that torsion angle can be defined relative to other any object of reference, and it is thus this fixed
Justice should not be recognized as excessively limiting the scope of the present invention.
Modern wind turbine is very high building, and blade is particularly susceptible to thunderbolt influence.Therefore, mostly
Number wind turbine blade combination lightning protection protective system is used to the electric energy safe from thunderbolt being transmitted to ground.Purport of the present invention
Avoiding using metal parts or electric component on wind turbine blade, because these metal parts or electric component can
Attract thunderbolt prior to the lightning receptor on blade, this may make blade damage.For measuring blade tips torsion degree
Current system it is expensive and fragile.In contrast, system and method for the invention implement easy and cheap, and support
It is anti-to be damaged as caused by the extreme weather conditions that wind turbine is often met with.
The content of the invention
A kind of method for the torsion angle for determining wind turbine blade, this method bag are provided according to an aspect of the present invention
Include and the first and second transmitters are provided on wind turbine blade, first transmitter is separated with the first distance and receiver, and
And second transmitter is separated with second distance with receiver, transmitter be arranged so that the torsion of blade cause first or second away from
One from increases and causes another reduction in first or second distance.This method is also included from the first and second hairs
Each towards receiver transmitting flash signal in emitter, flash signal has flicker frequency and changes the flicker of flash signal
Frequency.Additionally, this method is included in the amplitude of the flash signal that monitoring is received by receiver when flicker frequency changes, it is determined that
Cause the increased specific flicker frequency of amplitude of flash signal received by receiver, and utilize the specific flicker determined
Frequency calculates blade twist angle.
This method can advantageously be implemented in the case of without expensive and/or vulnerable component.Especially, in wind turbine
Without electric component and used hardware is sane, easy to set up and cheap in machine blade.
First and second transmitters can be spaced from along the chordwise of wind turbine blade.It is additionally or optional
Ground, first transmitter can be positioned at or near the leading edge of wind turbine blade and second transmitter can be positioned at wind
At or near the trailing edge of power turbine blade.The edge of blade by by reverse caused by bigger relative motion influenceed and by
First and second transmitters are spaced apart the more accurately instruction given for blade twist degree by this at opposite edge.
First and second transmitters can be positioned near the taper of wind turbine blade.Transmitter can advantageously be determined
Position near blade tips because be exactly blade this part may by most serious Bending Influence.
In some embodiments, this method calculates the first distance and using the specific flicker frequency determined
Difference between two distances, and calculate blade twist using the difference between the first distance and second distance calculated
Angle.Flash signal from the first and second transmitters can essentially simultaneously be launched.This allows more easily to calculate
Difference between one distance and second distance.
The amplitude of flash signal from the first and second transmitters can be substantially the same.Launched with specific frequency
Flash signal can cause the amplitude of the signal received at receiver to be roughly twice the amplitude of the flash signal launched.
This makes the value of determination specific frequency simpler.
Receiver can be only fitted on the second blade of wind turbine.For the first and second transmitters, this gives perseverance
Determine reference point.Receiver can be additionally positioned near the taper of the second wind turbine blade.
Multiple first transmitters and multiple second transmitters are provided on wind turbine blade in some embodiments.
In such embodiment, at least one of length of the first transmitter along wind turbine blade be spaced from and
Second transmitter is spaced from along at least one of length of wind turbine blade.Additionally or alternatively, this method
Can be included on the second wind turbine blade and multiple receivers are provided, receiver along the second wind turbine blade at least
The length of a part is spaced from.This allows the torsion for determining the different piece of blade, and also allows approximate obtain
(approximate) the overall torsion of blade.
This method can include flash signal being longitudinally extended via along wind turbine blade from the source of long range positioning
The first fiber optic communication indulged to the first and second transmitters, and by the flash signal received via along wind turbine blade
The second fiber optic communication extended to ground is to the detector being remotely located.This advantageously exempts for the electric component on blade
Demand and alternatively provide it is a kind of can using anti lightning hardware implement method.
There is provided a kind of blade twist angle for being used to determine wind turbine blade according to another aspect of the present invention is
System, the system includes：The first and second transmitters on wind turbine blade, each transmitter, which is configured to transmitting, has flicker
The flash signal of frequency；It is configured to receive the receiver of flash signal；And be configured to change the flicker frequency of flash signal
Controller.The system also includes processor, and the processor is configured to what the monitoring when flicker frequency changes was received by receiver
The amplitude of flash signal, the increased specific flicker frequency of amplitude for the flash signal for causing to be received by receiver with determination, and
And calculate blade twist angle using the specific flicker frequency determined.First transmitter separated with the first distance with receiver and
Second transmitter is separated with second distance with receiver, and transmitter is arranged so that the torsion of blade causes first or second
One in distance increases and causes first and second another reduction in.
Receiver can be positioned on the second wind turbine blade.
One or more of transmitter and/or receiver can be security ratings.Processor can be security rating
Or the system can include the processor of single security rating.System can also include safety governor, the security control
Device is configured to that in the blade twist degree calculated the situation of the relevant safety problem of the operation with wind turbine may be caused
Other control systems of lower covering wind turbine.Such covering can include safety governor and control blade pitch, so that
So that avoiding the uneasy full operation of blade.
The system can also implement a certain degree of self-examination to ensure that it is correctly operated.For example, when system fortune
During row, then receiver expection with some time intervals from transmitter receipt signal.If signal is not received as intended, system
It is considered that wind turbine blade not safety operation and safety governor can take appropriate action.
There is provided a kind of including the wind turbine for any system being disclosed above according to a further aspect of the invention.
Brief description of the drawings
To describe Fig. 1,2a and 2b by way of the background technology of the present invention, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the stereogram of exemplary wind turbine blade, and the wind turbine blade has circular at root
Cross section, and outwards there are wing cross-sectional profiles from root；And
Fig. 2 a are the schematic diagrames of the cross section of the taper of Fig. 1 blade, and the taper has the blade twist angle of 0 radian,
And Fig. 2 b displayings θ>The blade twist angle of 0 radian.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of non-limiting example only referring to the following drawings now, its
In：
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional front-view schematic diagram of the rotor-hub unit used in horizontal axis wind turbine, this turn
Son-hub unit is configured according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the perspective side schematic diagram of Fig. 3 rotor-hub unit；
Fig. 5 a, 5b and 5c show two optical emittings being positioned on the first blade of Fig. 3 and 4 rotor-hub unit
The schematic diagram of device, and the optical launcher launches flash of light with given frequency f, and the flash of light is then by being positioned at turning for Fig. 3 and 4
Optical receiver on second blade of son-hub unit is received；Fig. 5 a show θ=0 and f is the situation of arbitrary value；Fig. 5 b
θ is shown>0 and f takes the situation of some value, so that the flash of light from respective transmitter is not essentially simultaneously by receiving
Device is received；Fig. 5 c show θ>0 and f takes the situation of some value, so that the flash of light from respective transmitter is substantially simultaneously
Ground is received by receiver；
Fig. 6 a, 6b and 6c show the sketch of the amplitude of the flash of light received at the receiver shown in figs. 5 a and 5 b, width
Value is drawn relative to the time；Fig. 6 a show θ=0 and f is the situation of arbitrary value；Fig. 6 b show θ>0 and f takes the feelings of some value
Condition, so that the flash of light from respective transmitter is not essentially simultaneously received by receiver；Fig. 6 c show θ>0 and f
The situation of some value is taken, so that the flash of light from respective transmitter is essentially simultaneously received by receiver；
Fig. 7 a and 7b are shown when the taper of the first blade shown in figures 3 and 4 rotates relative to x-axis, in Fig. 5 a
The schematic diagram at the different distance away from optical receiver how is positioned at two optical launchers shown in 5b, the optics connects
Device is received to be positioned on the second blade；Fig. 7 b show how point ABB ' forms right angled triangle when carrying out some specific approximate；With
And
Fig. 8 a, 8b and 8c displaying are presented on the right angled triangle ABB ' of Fig. 7 b in circle, the diameter of a circle (being expressed as AB)
Distance is physically separated from equal to two optical launchers being positioned on Fig. 3 or 4 the first blade, and shows blade twist angle
How to be related to apart from AB and BB '；Fig. 8 a displayings are when blade twist angle is in 0<θ<The right angle three formed when in the range of pi/2 radian
Angular ABB '；Fig. 8 b show the horizontal wing chord AB of the stroke when blade twist angle is 0 radian；And Fig. 8 c show to work as blade twist
The vertical wing chord AB that angle is formed when being pi/2 radian.
Embodiment
Fig. 3 schematically shows rotor-hub unit 22 as having in horizontal axis wind turbine.Show
Rotor-hub unit 22 include via blade pitch device (not shown) be fixed to center hub 26 three turbine blade 24a,
24b, 24c.Blade 24a, 24b, 24c has cross-sectional profiles 16 as shown in Figure 1, and is arranged to when wind is along substantially vertically
In and the direction that enters in paper plane be incident on blade 24a, 24b, 24c when cause rotor-wheel hub rotate counterclockwise, such as
As being indicated direction arrow 28.
Fig. 4 is the side isometric view of Fig. 3 rotor-hub unit 22.
Each blade 24a of rotor-hub unit 22,24b, 24c are configured with least two optical launcher 30a, 30b
(being respectively positioned at orientation A and B), and at least one optical receiver 32 (being positioned at orientation C).First optical launcher
30a is arranged at each blade 24a, 24b, 24c leading edge 18, and second optical launcher 30b is arranged at trailing edge 20.
First and second optical launcher 30a, 30b are separated along each blade 24a, 24b, 24c chordwise D, the chordwise
Substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes L of each blade.Optical launcher 30a, 30b are positioned to substantially in each blade 24a,
Near 24b, 24c taper, can accurately determine blade twist angle θ.
At least two transmitter 30a, 30b being positioned on the first blade 24a be each configured to it is substantially the same
Know flicker frequency (being expressed as f) transmitting flash of light 34a, 34b (also referred to as flash signal 34a, 34b)；That is, for transmitter 30a and
30b, the time interval between the flash of light each launched is substantially identical.Additionally, launch in each flash of light from transmitter 30b
When, each flash of light from transmitter 30a is essentially simultaneously launched.Glisten 34a, and 34b is then adjacent by being positioned at second
Receiver 32 on blade 24b is received.Receiver 32 is configured to measure the flash of light 34a, 34b that receive amplitude.It should be noted that
, the sudden strain of a muscle that receiver 32 of transmitter 30a, the 30b transmitting being positioned on the second blade 24b on third blade 24c is received
Light 34a, 34b, and the transmitter 30a, 30b that are positioned on third blade 24c launch the receiver 32 on the first blade 24a
The flash of light 34a, 34b of reception.Transmitter 30a, 30b are arranged so that the flash of light 34a, 34b launched frequency can be controllably
Change, as discussed below.
Is being calculated on the basis of transmitter 30a, the 30b flash of light 34a, 34b that are received by receiver 32 characteristic
Torsion angles of the one blade 24a relative to the second blade 24b, as will be explained in detail now with reference to remaining accompanying drawing.
Fig. 5 a and 5b show the flash of light 34a of transmitting respectively at orientation A, B, 34b transmitter 30a, 30b schematic diagram.
As described above, each flash of light 34a flash of light 34bs corresponding with what it is from transmitter 30b from transmitter 30a is by substantially same
When launch.Additionally, glisten 34a, and 34b is with constant time intervals t1Launch respectively from transmitter 30a, 30b, it means that come
The distance between the distance between spontaneous emitter 30a each flash of light 34a and each flash of light 34b from transmitter 30b passes through
s1=vt1Provide, wherein v is the light velocity.In addition, the flash of light 34a, 34b launched amplitude is substantially identical.
The distance that Fig. 5 a and 5b also illustrate transmitter 30a, 30b to be expressed as AB is spaced apart.
Fig. 5 a show the situation that blade twist is 0, i.e. as θ=0.In this case, transmitter 30a, 30b and connect
Receive device 32 arrangement be arranged so that the distance for being expressed as AC between transmitter 30a and receiver 32 be equal to transmitter 30b and
The distance (i.e. AC=BC) for being expressed as BC between receiver 32.This means all values for flicker frequency f, from transmitter
The corresponding flash of light 34a that 30a, 30b launch, 34b are essentially simultaneously received at receiver 32.
Fig. 5 b show that blade twist is not 0 situation, i.e. work as θ>When 0.In this case, transmitter 30a and receiver
The distance between 32 are less than the distance between transmitter 30b and receiver 32 (i.e. AC<BC).This means for flicker frequency f
All values, from transmitter 30a, the corresponding flash of light 34a that 30b launches, 34b is at receiver 32 no longer by essentially simultaneously
Receive.
Fig. 5 c also show that the situation of non-zero blade twist, θ>0；However, different from Fig. 5 b, flicker frequency f, which is equal to, is expressed as f0
So-called specific flicker frequency so that flash of light 34a, 34b essentially simultaneously received at receiver 32.This is under
Discussed in more detail in text.
Fig. 6 a, 6b and 6c be shown respectively for θ=0 and flicker frequency f for arbitrary value in the case of (institute in such as Fig. 5 a
Show), in θ>0 and f ≠ f0In the case of (as illustrated in fig. 5b), and in θ>0 and f=f0In the case of (as shown in Figure 5 c),
The sketch of the amplitude of the signal received at receiver 32.Especially, Fig. 6 a show work as θ=0, when, two flash of light (respectively from
Each transmitter 30a, 30b) essentially simultaneously reach at receiver 32, so that these signal overlaps for receiving, and
And therefore it is registered as single peak value when being measured by receiver 32.Time interval t between each peak value1Equal to each from corresponding
Transmitter 30a, time interval (the i.e. t between flash of light 34a, 34b that 30b launches1=1/f).
In contrast, Fig. 6 b show to work as θ>0 and f ≠ f0When, the essentially simultaneously transmitting received at receiver 32
Exist between the flash of light 34a and 34b that go out and be expressed as tdTime difference.This means the signal that these are received is not overlapping, and
Therefore two single peak values are registered as when being measured by receiver 32.It is noted that the peak value measured in Fig. 6 b
Therefore substantially quantity doubles compared with Fig. 6 a, but amplitude halves.
Fig. 6 c show to work as θ>0 and f=f0When, two glisten (respectively from each transmitter 30a, 30b) substantially simultaneously
Ground is reached at receiver 32, so that these signal overlaps for receiving, and therefore registered when being measured by receiver 32
For single peak value (situation of θ=0 as shown in Fig. 6 a).
In order to which torsion angle can be determined, it will it is determined that being expressed as sd32 distance from transmitter 30a to receiver with from
Transmitter 30b to difference (the wherein s between the distance of receiver 32d=AC-BC).The method that this may be realized is logical
Cross measurement and come from corresponding transmitter 30a, the time t between 30b flash of light 34a, 34bd, next utilize relational expression sd=
vtd, wherein v is still taken as the light velocity.However, which will may require that the flash of light 34a, 34b for being designed to measure and receiving accordingly
Between time sophisticated equipment, this would is that costliness and may excessively fragility so that it cannot be positioned at wind turbine
On blade.
Alternatively, a kind of optional method for exempting the demand for such equipment is described.Especially, for each hair
Emitter 30a, 30b, flicker frequency f (time interval between each flash of light 34a i.e. from transmitter 30a and from transmitter
Time interval between 30b each flash of light 34b) changed with substantially the same amount.This is in turn meant that from given hair
The distance between each flash of light of emitter s1Also change.Especially, transmitting flash of light 34a, 34b flicker frequency f change, until coming
The distance between each flash of light from given transmitter be substantially equal to from transmitter 30a to receiver 32 distance with from hair
Differences of the emitter 30b to the distance of receiver 32, i.e. until s1=sd.As described above, the flicker frequency f that this thing happens
Referred to as specific frequency f0(and as shown in Figure 5 c).
When flicker frequency takes certain value so that s1=sdWhen (work as f=f0When), and cause transmitter in blade twist
30b is compared with transmitter 30a further from (working as BC-AC in the case of receiver 32>0 so that θ>When 0, such as each figure institute
Show), flash of light 34a from transmitter 30a and the flash of light 34b bases from transmitter 30b being launched before the flash of light 34a
(i.e. as shown in Figure 5 c) is simultaneously received at receiver 32 in sheet.This means received at receiver 32 this two
Individual flash of light 34a, 34b will be registered as the substantially double single peak value in the amplitude that will be registered from single flash of light (i.e. such as
Shown in Fig. 6 c).Therefore, it is substantially double in list until obtaining in fact, the flash of light 34a, 34b that launch frequency f change
The signal received of the amplitude of one flash of light.
It is noted that this method can be easily adaptable transmitter 30b compared with transmitter 30a closer to reception
The situation of device 32 (works as AC>BC is so that θ<When 0).
Can following acquisition torsion angle approximately as described below.
Fig. 7 a are shown when the first blade tips 24a rotates relative to x-axis, from each transmitter 30a, 30b to reception
How unequal (especially, the AC of the distance of device 32<BC schematic diagram).Transmitter 30a, 30b orientation A, B is relative to receiver
32 orientation C is demonstrated.Apart from sd=BC-AC is represented by line segment BB '.As described above, the true thing between transmitter 30a, 30b
Reason separation distance is AB.Line segment AC and B ' C equal length (i.e. AC=B ' C).It is relative to from first transmitter apart from BB '
The first flash of light 34a that 30a launches, from second transmitter 30b the second flash of light 34b launched go to receiver 32 it is additional away from
From.It is equal to when apart from BB ' from transmitter 30a, each corresponding flash of light 34a that 30ba launches, during the distance between 34b, base
The single peak value of the double amplitude produced in single flash of light is registered at receiver 32 in sheet.
With reference to triangle AB ' C, because apart from AC and B ' C is noticeably greater than apart from AB, reasonably approximately assumes that AC
And B ' C are oriented substantially in parallel.Because in AC and B ' the angle γ that is formed between C significantly less than between B ' C and B ' A and
The angle formed between AB ' and AC.Fig. 7 b displayings AC and B ' C is oriented substantially in parallel.On the basis of this hypothesis, triangle
Shape ABB ' is the right angled triangle for having angle theta with x-axis.
Fig. 8 a, 8b, and 8c show the different value for torsion angle, and being plotted in diameter, (i.e. diameter is equal to transmitting equal to line AB
Physical separation distance between device 30a, 30b) circle on right angled triangle ABB '.Along blade 24a, 24b, 24c wing chord side
To optical launcher between physical separation apart from AB be constant, and when transmitter is arranged on blade by exactly
Measure (i.e. AB is given value).
Apart from BB ' by analyzing the characteristic for the signal measured at receiver 32, empirically utilizing transmitter 30a, 30b
Determined with receiver 32.In the first embodiment, the first blade 24a is arranged so that 0 relative to the second blade 24b<θ<π/2
(as shown in figure 8 a).Launch the 34a that glistens, next 34b frequency f is changed with known quantity.Change frequency f to cause from given
The distance between the group flashing light of receiver change.For example, frequency f can change to different from first from the first given frequency
Second given frequency of frequency.It is assumed that in frequency shift, apart from BB ' maintenances substantial constant, (i.e. torsion angle is maintained substantially
It is constant), then directly launch as the flash of light 34a launched from transmitter 30a and after the flash of light 34a from transmitter 34b
When the flash of light 34b gone out is registered as single peak value at receiver 32, BB ' is substantially equal to from given transmitter 30a, 30b
The distance between group flashing light, as described above.This below be only used for show purpose provide embodiment in it is more detailed
Ground is shown.
Work as θ>When 0, from transmitter 30a, the corresponding flash of light 34a that 30b launches, 34b will be overlapping at receiver 32
Specific frequency f0It can be determined by controllably changing f, as described above.Following relation can be next utilized apart from BB '
Formula is determined：
Fig. 8 a displaying torsion angles are in 0<θ<Situation during pi/2 is interval.In view of be known a priori apart from AB, and away from
Determined using the above method from BB ', then simple trigonometry can be used for obtaining torsion angle, i.e.,：
In fact, torsion angle may be limited in the 0≤θ≤pi/2 of interval.This causes the possibility of two extreme cases,
That is θ=0 and θ=pi/2, as shown in respectively in Fig. 8 b and 8c.
It is 0 apart from BB ', to cause transmitter 30a, 30b and receiver 32 equidistant in the case that Fig. 8 b are illustrated in θ=0.
In the case that Fig. 8 c are illustrated in θ=pi/2, transmitter 30a, 30b physical separation distance, i.e. AB are equal to apart from BB '.
If for example overlaid frequency is found to be f0=1 GHz (and utilize approximation relation v=3 × 108Metre per second (m/s)),
It it is then 0.3 meter apart from BB '.If the distance between following such as transmitter 30a, 30b are 0.4 meter (i.e. AB=0.3), then turn round
Corner is approximatelyRadian.
In summary, apart from BB ' by controllably changing by transmitter 30a, the frequency for the flash of light that 30b launches and
The amplitude of the signal received is observed at receiver 32 to determine.Frequency shift, until receiver 32 detects the amplitude of flicker
Increase, such as double amplitude in the embodiment.This physical separation between ought continuously flashing matches corresponding transmitter 30a,
Occur during optical path difference (BB ') between 30b and receiver 32, come spontaneous to cause receiver 32 essentially simultaneously to receive
Both emitter 30a, 30b flicker.The frequency f that this thing happens0It is subsequently used for calculating apart from BB '.
In this embodiment, transmitter 30a, 30b can be configured to launch flash of light with the interval of 0.5-2 GHzs.It is optional
Ground, transmitter 30a, 30b can be configured to the transmitting flash of light of different frequency interval 34a, 34b.Once have determined that apart from BB ', then
Blade twist angle θ can be approximately obtained as described above.
In use, transmitter 30a, 30b can be configured to constantly launch flash of light 34a, 34b, constantly to measure
Torsion angle；Or alternatively, transmitter 30a, 30b, which can work as when needs are carried out and accurately measured for blade tips, to be started.
In order to avoid conductive material is present in blade 24a, 24b, 24c, optical fiber is used for optical signalling from being positioned at wheel
Source inside hub is transmitted into the transmitter 30a, 30b being positioned to substantially near blade tips.
The stress loading that the embodiment being described herein out can be used on pitch control strategy and/or control blade.
It is to be appreciated that for right angled triangle, for determining that the blade twist angle θ above method is set up.In triangle
Shape ABB ' can be obtained reasonably as in the case of right angled triangle, the use of these formula provides the reasonable of θ value by approximate
It is approximate.When the separation distance between two adjacent turbine blade 24a, 24b is much larger than the transmitting being respectively positioned at A, B
Physical separation between device 30a, 30b apart from when, this will not approximately introduce excessive error in the θ calculated value.It is actual
On, if as finding out from Fig. 6 a, triangle ABB ' not right angled triangles.
Current method is still determined for torsion angle, even if above-mentioned approximate invalid.In this occasion, it can make
With the known trigonometric function relational expression that can be applied to on-right angle triangle.For example, sine, the cosine law, the law of tangents and
Any one or more or any other known trigonometric function formula for being set up for on-right angle triangle in cotangent theorem can
For determining blade twist angle.Because above-mentioned trigonometric function theorem is well known in the art, without providing herein
It is discussed in detail.
In different embodiments, as θ=0, apart from AC and BC without equal.
Current embodiment describes have two optical launchers and an optics on each wind turbine blade
The arrangement of receiver；However, as needed, each blade can include more or less transmitters and/or receiver.For example,
Fig. 3 displayings include two couples of optical launcher 30a, 30b and 44a, 44b the first blade 24a.Relative to first pair optical launcher
The longitudinal axes L of 30a, 30b, the second couples of optical launchers 44a, 44b along the first blade 24a is positioned at different azimuth.Optics
This configuration of transmitter enables the first blade 24a torsion degree to be determined at different longitudinal orientation.When the first blade
24a pitch along its longitudinal axes L change when, such case be it is favourable, the change can work as the first blade 24a by height should
Power occurs when influenceing.Then, each blade 24a, 24b, 24c can be configured with multiple different optical receivers, each different
Receiver is arranged to the signal launched that measurement is produced by difference to optical launcher.
Term ' torsion angle ' may refer to the blade angle at any point of the longitudinal axes L along blade, and not limit
In the angle near blade tips.
In different embodiments, transmitter 30a, 30b can not launch the signal in flash of light form, but alternatively send out
Penetrate the electromagnetic signal of the different piece from spectrum.Next receiver 32 can be configured to receive the letter launched by transmitter
Number type.
The intensity of flash of light from different transmitters need not be substantially identical, and can be any intensity.
Each the angle between transmitter and each receiver will depend on for example being attached to the blade of wind turbine
Orientation on corresponding blade of quantity and transmitter and receiver.These differences would is that known under each individual cases
And can be readily incorporated into by those skilled in the art in the above method.
The arrangement for a pair of transmitters for including flash signal being transmitted into single receiver is substituted, arrangement can be modified to
Including the single transmitter for launching flash signal along two different directions towards two receivers.The above method can be with similar
Mode uses to determine blade twist angle using the signal received at two receivers.
Wind turbine for including any amount of turbine blade, current method can be used for calculating blade torsion
Corner.Although the embodiment being described herein out, which is related to, includes the wind turbine of three blades, this be it is nonrestrictive, only
For showing purpose.
In addition to determining blade twist angle, it is also possible to expect to determine the degree of blade bending, particularly blade tips are attached
The degree closely bent.When it is determined that during blade twist angle, such information can also be taken into account, and in degree of crook given
Time it is particularly useful in the case of difference between each blade.
The embodiment being described herein out is only used for displaying purpose and provides and should not be construed as limited to appended right
It is required that in the scope of the present invention that limits.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of method for the torsion angle for determining wind turbine blade, methods described includes：
A., first and second transmitters are provided on wind turbine blade, first transmitter with the first distance and receiver every
Open, and second transmitter is separated with second distance with the receiver, and transmitter is arranged so that the torsion of blade causes
One or second distance in one increase and cause first or second distance in another reduction；
B. flash signal is launched from each in the first and second transmitters towards receiver, flash signal has flicker frequency；
C. the flicker frequency of flash signal is changed；
D. when flicker frequency changes, the amplitude of the flash signal received by receiver is monitored；
E. determination causes the increased specific flicker frequency of amplitude of the flash signal received by receiver；And
F. blade twist angle is calculated using the specific flicker frequency determined.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein chordwise of first and second transmitters along wind turbine blade
It is spaced from.
3. according to claim 1 to the method described in claim 2, wherein first transmitter is positioned at wind turbine blade
At or near leading edge, and second transmitter is positioned at or near the trailing edge of wind turbine blade.
4. according in the method any one of previous claims, wherein the first and second transmitters are positioned at wind turbine
Near the taper of blade.
5. according in the method any one of previous claims, the is calculated using the specific flicker frequency determined
Difference between one distance and second distance, and calculated using the difference between the first distance and second distance calculated
Blade twist angle.
6. according in the method any one of previous claims, wherein the flash signal quilt from the first and second transmitters
Essentially simultaneously launch.
7. basis is in the method any one of previous claims, wherein the flash signal from the first and second transmitters
Amplitude is substantially the same, and the amplitude for the signal for causing to receive at receiver with specific frequency transmitting flash signal
It is roughly twice the amplitude for the flash signal launched.
8. according in the method any one of previous claims, it is included on the second wind turbine blade and reception is provided
Device.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein receiver are positioned near the taper of the second wind turbine blade.
10. according in the method any one of previous claims, it is included on wind turbine blade and provides multiple first
Transmitter and multiple second transmitters, at least one of length of the first transmitter along wind turbine blade apart from one another by
Open, and second transmitter is spaced from along at least one of length of wind turbine blade.
11. the method according to any one of claim 8 to 10, is included on the second wind turbine blade and provides multiple
Receiver, receiver is spaced from along at least one of length of the second wind turbine blade.
12. according in the method any one of previous claims, including by flash signal from the source of long range positioning via edge
The first fiber optic communication that wind turbine blade is longitudinally extended is believed to the first and second transmitters, and by the flicker received
Number via the second fiber optic communication being longitudinally extended along wind turbine blade to the detector being remotely located.
13. a kind of system for being used to determine the blade twist angle of wind turbine blade, the system includes：
The first and second transmitters on wind turbine blade, each transmitter is configured to flicker of the transmitting with flicker frequency
Signal；
Receiver, the receiver is configured to receive flash signal；
Controller, the controller is configured to change the flicker frequency of flash signal；
Processor, the processor is configured to monitor the width of the flash signal received by receiver when flicker frequency changes
Value, the increased specific flicker frequency of amplitude for the flash signal for causing to be received by receiver with determination, and utilization are determined
Specific flicker frequency calculate blade twist angle,
Wherein first transmitter is separated with the first distance and receiver, and second transmitter with second distance and receiver every
Open, and transmitter be arranged so that the torsion of blade cause first or second distance in one increase and cause first or
Another reduction in second distance.
14. system according to claim 13, wherein receiver are positioned on the second wind turbine blade.
15. a kind of wind turbine, including claim 13 or the system described in claim 14.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA201470792 | 2014-12-17 | ||
| DKPA201470792 | 2014-12-17 | ||
| PCT/DK2015/050399 WO2016095926A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2015-12-16 | Improvements relating to wind turbines |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107110117A true CN107110117A (en) | 2017-08-29 |
| CN107110117B CN107110117B (en) | 2020-01-14 |
Family
ID=54851320
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201580069188.8A Active CN107110117B (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2015-12-16 | Improvements relating to wind turbines |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10487800B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3234350B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN107110117B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2773677T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016095926A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112560201A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-03-26 | 新疆大学 | Method for analyzing reliability of composite material of fan blade under complex load working condition |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD897290S1 (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-09-29 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine blade tip |
| CN110781618B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江大学 | Fan blade optimization design method based on zigzag lightning strike and fatigue damage |
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| CN101718799A (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-06-02 | 西门子公司 | Method and arrangement to determine a wind-speed |
| WO2014187463A1 (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-11-27 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Improvements relating to wind turbines |
| WO2015065873A2 (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-05-07 | University Of Massachusetts | Structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades using wireless acoustic sensing |
| WO2015070870A1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-21 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Improvements relating to wind turbines |
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| US20060051207A1 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-09 | Becerra Steven R | Light emitting diode array mounted within windmill wing tip |
| CN101675245A (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2010-03-17 | 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 | Wind turbine blade position determination system |
| EP2327876A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | Lm Glasfiber A/S | Wind turbine blade provided with optical wind velocity measurement system |
| EP2481924B1 (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2016-12-14 | ALSTOM Renewable Technologies | Device and method for visual analysis of a wind turbine blade |
| ES2609771T3 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2017-04-24 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine that includes an optical sensor system |
| WO2013060013A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | General Electric Company | Blade pitch system for a wind turbine generator and method of operating the same |
| GB201205563D0 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-05-09 | Sec Dep For Business Innovation & Skills The | Coordinate measurement system and method |
| ES2630061T3 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | Blade Deflection Monitoring System |
| GB201222540D0 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-01-30 | Lm Wp Patent Holding As | A system and method for wind turbine sensor calibration |
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2015
- 2015-12-16 WO PCT/DK2015/050399 patent/WO2016095926A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-12-16 US US15/536,084 patent/US10487800B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-12-16 EP EP15812877.7A patent/EP3234350B1/en active Active
- 2015-12-16 CN CN201580069188.8A patent/CN107110117B/en active Active
- 2015-12-16 ES ES15812877T patent/ES2773677T3/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101718799A (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-06-02 | 西门子公司 | Method and arrangement to determine a wind-speed |
| WO2014187463A1 (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-11-27 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Improvements relating to wind turbines |
| WO2015065873A2 (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-05-07 | University Of Massachusetts | Structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades using wireless acoustic sensing |
| WO2015070870A1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-21 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Improvements relating to wind turbines |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112560201A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-03-26 | 新疆大学 | Method for analyzing reliability of composite material of fan blade under complex load working condition |
| CN112560201B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-12-06 | 新疆大学 | Method for analyzing reliability of composite material of fan blade under complex load working condition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3234350A1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
| CN107110117B (en) | 2020-01-14 |
| WO2016095926A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
| US20190085822A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
| US10487800B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
| EP3234350B1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
| ES2773677T3 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
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