CN107109668A - The solar energy system and method for hydrogen and oxygen are generated by water - Google Patents
The solar energy system and method for hydrogen and oxygen are generated by water Download PDFInfo
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- CN107109668A CN107109668A CN201680004484.4A CN201680004484A CN107109668A CN 107109668 A CN107109668 A CN 107109668A CN 201680004484 A CN201680004484 A CN 201680004484A CN 107109668 A CN107109668 A CN 107109668A
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract 17
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 79
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000968352 Scandia <hydrozoan> Species 0.000 description 1
- QRSFFHRCBYCWBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[O] Chemical compound [O].[O] QRSFFHRCBYCWBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005055 memory storage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);scandium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sc+3].[Sc+3] HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B5/00—Electrogenerative processes, i.e. processes for producing compounds in which electricity is generated simultaneously
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/003—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having a Rankine cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
- F03G6/04—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
Describe the solar energy system and method that hydrogen and oxygen are generated by water.The solar energy system for generating hydrogen and oxygen by water includes electrolysis cells, the first generator unit and solar turbine unit.Electrolysis cells are driven by the first generator unit.Solar turbine unit is configured as the first generator unit of driving and provides steam to electrolysis cells.Solar turbine unit includes being connected to the first generator unit and is configured as providing it the first turbine of shaft work；It is connected to the steam feed mouthful of electrolysis cells and is configured as filling the steam generating unit of water；It is configurable to generate heat and the solar units of heat is provided to steam generating unit.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/106056 submitted this application claims on January 21st, 2015, it is entitled " by
The rights and interests of the solar energy system and method for water generation hydrogen and oxygen ".The full content of application referenced above is incorporated by reference into
Without disclaimer.
Background technology
A. technical field
The present invention relates generally to the solar energy system for generating hydrogen and oxygen by water.In particular it relates to sharp
With the system for the solar turbine unit for being connected to generator unit and electrolysis cells.
B. description of Related Art
Hydrogen (H2) it is value product and the raw material being used as in oil, chemistry, the energy and semi-conductor industry.For example,
Hydrogen is used for processing (be for example hydrocracked, hydrodealkylation and hydrodesulfurization), the production of ammonia, the life of methanol of hydrocarbon
Production, a variety of chemical technologies (such as hydrogenation reaction) and it is used as cooling agent.Hydrogen can as chemical reaction or biological respinse pair
Product recycling is separated from the production of fossil fuel.Produce the steam reformation of the conventional method including natural gas of hydrogen, water
The electrolysis of Thermochemical Decomposition and water.It is energy field as the hydrogen gas production of water-splitting product, environment and chemical industry provide
Huge profit potential.The problem of these techniques is that they can chemically react or being electrically generated from fossil fuel from consumption
Great amount of carbon dioxide (CO2).For example in steam reforming reaction, as shown in reaction formula (I), when using excessive water, CO2Can
To be generated as reaction product.
CH4+2H2O→CO2+4H2 (I)
As reacted shown in formula (II), other techniques of generation hydrogen need to generate CO by combustion of fossil fuels2Electric energy.
CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O (II)
The main greenhouse gas that carbon dioxide is considered to be produced by mankind's activity by government organs, the discharge quilt of carbon dioxide
Many government organs' control.
Conventional system and method attempt to reduce carbon dioxide generation by using solar energy.U.S. Patent Application Publication
No. 20130234069 describes solar receiver, and it generates the electricity for electrolysis cells, is then discharged using electrolytic process
Heat as the working fluid used elsewhere in energy circulation thermal source.Fan et al. U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
No. 20120171588 describe using solar energy to drive reformation/water-splitting area.However, these systems are not self contained, tool
There are to rely on raw material or fuel based on carbon to meet its system energy requirements.
Summary of the invention
It has been found that generating solution the problem of to produce the energy (that is, low carbon dioxide emission amount) with minimum carbon dioxide
Certainly scheme.Specifically, the solution is to avoid using fossil fuel during can generating hydrogen and oxygen in electrolysis water
It is used as power supply.The chemical reaction of water-splitting is as shown in reaction formula (III).
2H2O→2H2+O2 (III)
It is worth noting that, the present invention can raise the temperature and pressure of water, then it can be used in electrolysis cells.
By raising the temperature and pressure of water, reduce water-splitting reaction required for whole electric energy, in some aspects, this may so that
It is cost with the additional heat input being lost from solar energy or internal heat.Use the generating for being connected to solar turbine unit
Machine produces electric energy, and the solar turbine unit can drive generator unit and provide steam to electrolysis cells.This can be in water
Without using fossil fuel and do not produce carbon dioxide during cracking reaction and complete (reaction formula (III) and to contrast anti-more than
Answer formula (I) and (II)).
In the specific aspect of the present invention, the solar energy system for generating hydrogen and oxygen by water is described.This is
System can include (a) electrolysis cells, and it is configured as generating hydrogen and oxygen, (b) first generator unit by water, and it is configured
To provide electricity to electrolysis cells；(c) solar turbine unit, it is configured as the first generator unit of driving and to steam feed
Mouth provides steam.At specific aspect, system includes air feed unit, and it provides compressed air to the analysis oxygen side of electrolysis cells
To maintain exit flow to be less than pure oxygen.The non-limiting examples of air feed unit are air compressor.Electrolysis cells can be wrapped
Include steam feed mouthful and for hydrogen or oxygen or at least the first product exit of the two.Preferred in terms of, hydrogen and oxygen
As single air-flow electrolysis cells are discharged via two product exits.Oxygen can be discharged via the second product exit, hydrogen
It can be discharged via the first product exit.At specific aspect, the air-flow of the second product exit of discharge is to contain oxygen and air
Oxygen-enriched stream.Solar turbine unit can be connected to the first generator unit including (i) and be configured to provide it shaft work
The first turbine；(ii) it is connected to the steam feed mouthful of electrolysis cells and is configured to fill the steam generating unit of water；(iii) configure
The solar units of heat are provided for generation heat and to steam generating unit.In terms of some of the present invention, solar units
It is configurable to generate heat and provides heat to turbine fluid.The steam that steam generating unit is produced can include pressurization and steam
Vapour.It is worth noting that, carbon dioxide (referring to reaction formula (III)) is not produced in water-splitting reaction, so as to make in the system
Carbon dioxide generation has been reduced or avoided in used time.Produced hydrogen, oxygen or the two can be respectively for downstream chemical technique
In.Preferred in terms of, produced hydrogen and oxygen is used in downstream chemical technique., should in terms of some of the present invention
System can also include the product cooling unit for being connected to electrolysis cells, and it is configured to hydrogen or oxygen or two produced by receiving
Person, and it is cooled.Preferred in terms of, the system can also include the product cooling unit for being connected to electrolysis cells, and it is matched somebody with somebody
Hydrogen and oxygen produced by receiving are set to, and it is cooled.The product cooling unit can be connected to the second generating including (i)
Machine unit and the second turbine for being configured to provide energy to the second generator unit, wherein second turbine are configured as receiving institute
The hydrogen or oxygen of generation or the two；(ii) it is connected to steam generating unit and is configured to steam generating unit transmission by product
The heat transfer unit of heat produced by cooling unit.Second generator unit can be configured as providing electricity to electrolysis cells.
In some respects, product cooling unit includes being connected to the second generator unit or the 3rd generator unit and being configured to carry to it
3rd turbine of energy supply amount, wherein the 3rd turbine be configured as receive produced by hydrogen oxygen or the two, wherein the 3rd hair
Electric motor units are configured as providing electricity to electrolysis cells.
In terms of some of the present invention, solar turbine unit can be connected to the first generator unit and match somebody with somebody including (i)
It is set to the first turbine for providing it shaft work；(ii) it is connected to the steam generating unit of the steam feed mouthful of electrolysis cells；(iii)
It is configured to the solar units for generating heat and heat being provided to steam generating unit；(iv) condenser.Steam generating unit can
So that including boiler, it is configured as dress water and produces steam.Boiler can be connected to the first turbine, and be configured as boiler institute
The steam-transfer of generation is to the first turbine.First turbine can be connected to condenser, and be configured as shifting steam from turbine
To condenser.Condenser can be configured as making the steam shifted by turbine be condensed into liquid, and be connected to boiler and be configured to
Liquid is transferred to boiler.
In terms of some of the present invention, solar turbine unit is closed-loop gas turbine unit, and it can include：(i) even
It is connected to the first generator unit and is configured to provide it the first turbine of shaft work；(ii) it is connected to the steam feed of electrolysis cells
The steam generating unit of mouth；(iii) it is configured to generation heat and to cooling fluid (such as gas produced by steam generating unit
Body) provide heat solar units.Steam generating unit can include the first heat exchanger for being connected to the first turbine, to connect
Receive the heating fluid from the first turbine.In first heat exchanger, heat can be transferred to water to produce steaming from heating fluid
Vapour and cooling fluid.Heat exchanger may also connect to compressor and be configured to cooling fluid being transferred to compressor.Compressor
Second heat exchanger can be connected to, it is configured to the heat cooling fluid produced with solar units.Second heat exchange
Device can be connected to the first turbine heating fluid is transferred into the first turbine.In terms of some of the present invention, closed-loop gas whirlpool
Wheel unit includes back-pressure steam turbine unit, and it, which is connected to first heat exchanger and is configured to receive, comes from first heat exchanger
Heat.Back-pressure steam turbine can include the 4th turbine, and it is connected to the first generator unit and is configured to provide it
Shaft work.In some examples of the present invention, the first turbine and the 4th turbine are one another in series setting.In other aspects of the present invention,
Back-pressure steam turbine unit can include being connected to the 4th generator unit and be configured to provide it the 4th turbine of energy,
Wherein the 4th generator unit is configured as providing electricity to electrolysis cells.
Describe the method for generating hydrogen and oxygen by water using the system described through this specification.This method can be wrapped
Including makes water be subjected to the electrolytic condition for being enough to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and preferably it is used as single air-flow.Hydrogen can be with oxygen point
From.Can by hydrogen, oxygen or the two provide to one or more memory cell, chemical technology unit, delivery unit or its
Any combination.
In the present case, the individual embodiment in 21 (21) is described.Embodiment 1 includes being used to be generated by water
The solar energy system of hydrogen and oxygen.The system can include the electrolysis cells that (a) is configured to be produced hydrogen and oxygen by water, electricity
Steam feed mouthful can be included and for hydrogen, oxygen or at least the first product exit of the two by solving unit；(b) it is configured to electricity
Solve the first generator unit that unit provides electricity；Be configured to driving first generator unit and to steam feed mouthful provide (c)
The solar turbine unit of steam, the solar turbine unit is connected to the first generator unit including (i) and is configured to it
First turbine of shaft work is provided；(ii) it is connected to the steam feed mouthful of electrolysis cells and is configured to fill the steam generating unit of water；
(iii) solar units for generating heat and heat being provided to steam generating unit are configured to.Embodiment 2 is embodiment 1
System, it also includes being connected to the product cooling units of electrolysis cells, its be configured to hydrogen or oxygen produced by receiving or
Both preferably, and it is set to cool.Embodiment 3 is the system of embodiment 2, and wherein product cooling unit is connected including (i)
To the second generator unit and it is configured to provide the second turbine of energy to the second generator unit, wherein second turbo arrangement
For the hydrogen or oxygen produced by reception or preferably the two；(ii) it is connected to steam generating unit and is configured to generate to steam
The heat transfer unit for the heat that unit transfer is produced by product cooling unit.Embodiment 4 is the system of embodiment 3, wherein the
Two generator units are configured to provide electricity to electrolysis cells.Embodiment 5 is the system of embodiment 4, and wherein product cooling is single
Member includes being connected to the second generator unit or the 3rd generator unit and the 3rd turbine for being configured to provide it energy, wherein
3rd turbo arrangement is both for the hydrogen or oxygen produced by receiving or preferably, wherein the 3rd generator unit is configured to electricity
Solve unit and electricity is provided.Embodiment 6 is the system of any one of embodiment 1 to 5, and wherein solar turbine unit can include
(i) it is connected to the first generator unit and provides it the first turbine of shaft work；(ii) it is connected to the steam feed of electrolysis cells
The steam generating unit of mouth, the wherein steam generating unit include being configured to fill water and produce the boiler of steam；(iii) it is configured to
Generate heat and the solar units of heat are provided to boiler；(iv) condenser；Wherein boiler is connected to the first turbine and configured
For steam is transferred into the first turbine by boiler, wherein the first turbine is connected to condenser and is configured to shift steam from turbine
To condenser, wherein the steam shifted by turbine is is condensed into liquid by condenser arrangement, and wherein condenser is connected to boiler simultaneously
It is configured to liquid being transferred to boiler.Embodiment 7 is the system of any one of embodiment 1 to 5, wherein solar turbine list
Member is closed-loop gas turbine unit, and it includes (i) and is connected to the first generator unit and is configured to provide it the first of shaft work
Turbine；(ii) steam generating unit of the steam feed mouthful of electrolysis cells is connected to, wherein steam generating unit can include connecting
The first heat exchanger of the first turbine is connected to receive the heating fluid from the first turbine, wherein in first heat exchanger,
Heat is transferred to water to produce steam and cooling fluid from heating fluid；(iii) it is configured to generation heat and is carried to cooling fluid
The solar units of heating load；Wherein heat exchanger is connected to compressor and is configured to cooling fluid being transferred to compressor, its
Middle compressor is connected to second heat exchanger, and second heat exchanger is configured to be cooled down with the heat produced by solar units
Fluid, wherein second heat exchanger are connected to the first turbine heating fluid is transferred into the first turbine.Embodiment 8 is to implement
The system of mode 7, it also includes back-pressure steam turbine unit.Embodiment 9 is the system of embodiment 8, wherein back pressure type
Steamturbine is connected to first heat exchanger and is configured to receive the steam for carrying out automatic heat-exchanger.Embodiment 10 is embodiment
9 system, wherein back-pressure steam turbine unit can include the 4th turbine, and it is connected to the first generator unit and is configured to
Provide it shaft work.Embodiment 11 is the system of embodiment 9, and wherein back-pressure steam turbine unit can include being connected to
4th generator unit and the 4th turbine for being configured to provide it energy, wherein the 4th generator unit is configured to electrolysis list
Member provides electricity.Embodiment 12 is the system of any one of embodiment 1 to 11, wherein the steam produced by steam generating unit
For steam under pressure.Embodiment 13 is the system of any one of embodiment 1 to 12, and the wherein system is not produced during use
Carbon dioxide.Embodiment 14 is the system of any one of embodiment 1 to 13, wherein produced hydrogen or produced oxygen
Gas or the two respectively for downstream chemical technique.Embodiment 15 is the system of any one of embodiment 1 to 14, wherein being electrolysed
Unit can include at least two product exits, wherein the first product exit is used for hydrogen, the second product exit is used for oxygen.It is real
The system that mode 16 is embodiment 15 is applied, it can also include the air supply for being connected to electrolysis cells, wherein air is supplied
Air is provided to the analysis oxygen side of electrolysis cells the mixture of oxygen and air is produced from second outlet.
Embodiment 17 is the method that hydrogen and oxygen are generated by water with the system of any one of embodiment 1 to 16.Should
Method can be enough to produce the electrolytic condition of hydrogen and oxygen including being subjected to water.Embodiment 18 is the side of embodiment 17
Method, it also includes providing hydrogen to one or more memory cell, chemical technology unit, delivery unit or its any group
Close.Embodiment 19 is the method for any one of embodiment 17 to 18, and it also includes providing oxygen to one or more
Memory cell, chemical technology unit, delivery unit or its any combination.Embodiment 20 is any one of embodiment 17 to 19
Method, wherein produced hydrogen or produced oxygen or the two respectively for downstream chemical technique.Embodiment 21 is
The method of any one of embodiment 17 to 20, the wherein system do not produce carbon dioxide.Embodiment 22 is embodiment 17
To any one of 21 method, its reclaimed water is the vapor form produced by steam generating unit.
Herein below includes the definition of the various terms and phrase used in this specification.
Term " connection " refers to (such as one connected directly or indirectly between one or more objects or component
Or more in the middle of connect), it is not necessarily mechanically connected；Two objects of " connection " can be each entirety.
Term " fluid " refers to be existed and flowable material or compound mixing with gas phase, liquid phase or its mixture
Thing.The non-limiting examples of fluid include air, liquid CO 2, atmospheric carbon dioxide, water, steam or its mixture.
Term " about " or " about " are defined as one of ordinary skill in the understanding close to and non-at one
The term is defined as within 10% in restricted embodiment, preferably within 5%, more preferably within 1%, is most preferably existed
Within 0.5%.
Term " substantially " and its variant are defined as major part as understood by those skilled in the art but need not be all
Specify things, in a non-limiting embodiment, essentially relate within 10%, within 5%, within 1% or
Scope within 0.5%.
Any variant of term " suppression " or " reduction " or " prevention " or " avoiding " or these terms in claim and/or
In use, including in order to realize any measurable reduction or complete inhibition of expected result in specification.
As the term used in this specification and/or claim, " effective " expression of term is adapted for carrying out wishing
, desired or expected result.
When in claim or specification when term "comprising" is used together, can be with without using numeral-classifier compound before key element
" one " is represented, but it also complies with the meaning of " one or more ", " at least one " and " one or more than one ".
Word "comprising", " having ", " comprising " or " containing " are inclusive or open, and are not excluded for adding
, unrequited key element or method and step.
The system of the present invention can with "comprising" through special component disclosed in this specification, component, composition etc.,
" being substantially made up of it " or " being made up of it ".It is non-limiting at one on transitional phrases " substantially by ... constitute "
Aspect, the basic and new feature of present system uses solar energy for it, and the titanium dioxide produced is reduced when system is used
Carbon amounts.
Other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage can become obvious by the following drawings, detailed description and embodiment.So
And, it should be appreciated that when showing the embodiment of the present invention, accompanying drawing, detailed description and embodiment are only with the side of illustration
Formula, which is provided, is not offered as limitation.Additionally, it is contemplated that by the detailed description, changing and modifications pair in the spirit and scope of the present invention
It can become obvious in those skilled in the art.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1A and B is used for the schematic diagram for the solar energy system that hydrogen and oxygen are generated by water for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of solar turbine unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 includes the schematic diagram of the solar energy system of cooling unit for the present invention.
Fig. 4 includes the schematic diagram of the solar turbine unit of boiler and condenser for the present invention.
Fig. 5 includes the schematic diagram of the solar turbine unit of closed-loop gas turbine unit for the present invention.
Fig. 6 for the present invention include be one another in series setting closed-loop gas turbine unit and back-pressure steam turbine unit too
The schematic diagram of positive energy turbine unit.
Fig. 7 includes being connected in parallel to each other the closed-loop gas turbine unit of setting, back-pressure steam turbine unit and for the present invention
The schematic diagram of the solar turbine unit of four generator units.
Fig. 8 includes the schematic diagram of the solar turbine unit of closed-loop gas turbine unit for the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention is shown and is described in detail here by way of embodiment in accompanying drawing, but this hair
It is bright to be readily available various modifications and alternative forms.Accompanying drawing is not in proportion.It should be understood that accompanying drawing and the detailed description for accompanying drawing
It is not intended to and limits the invention to specific open form, and on the contrary, present invention covering is entirely fallen in such as appended claims
Modification, equivalent and substitute in the spirit and scope of the invention of definition.
Detailed description of the invention
Existing water-splitting system needs substantial amounts of electric energy.Most of electric energy is produced by the burning of fossil fuel, and it is produced
Carbon dioxide, it is known that greenhouse gases.By contrast, the present invention relies on the water-splitting reaction of reaction formula (III) to reduce or limit
Carbon dioxide is produced.The discovery is combined solar, recuperation of heat and steam generation to produce enough heat and electricity to drive
Electrolysis cells.Fed compared to using in environment temperature or close under environment temperature as the electric energy required for the electrolysis cells of water, electricity
In solution unit the electric energy needed for being reacted for water decomposition is reduced using steam.
Referring to figs. 1 to 7 these and other non-limiting aspect for discussing the present invention in more detail in sections below.In figure
Mechanical energy or heat energy are described using open arrow in 1 to 7.Use straight line and closure arrow describing mass stream.Using dotted line and closing
Close arrow and describe electric energy.It should be understood that import, outlet, valve and connector are well known by persons skilled in the art.
A. the solar energy system of hydrogen and oxygen is generated by water
Figure 1A and Figure 1B is the schematic diagram for describing solar energy system of the present invention.It is single that solar energy system 100 can include electrolysis
First 102, first generator unit 104 and solar turbine unit 106.The steam generated in solar turbine unit 106 enters
Material 108 can discharge solar turbine unit 106 and enter electrolysis cells 102.In electrolysis cells 102 water is replaced using steam
The electric flux needed for electrolysis water cracking reaction is reduced compared to room temperature electrolysis water cracking condition.Steam feed can be in 1 bar extremely
Electrolysis cells 102 are delivered under the pressure of 10 bars or 10 bars.In electrolysis cells 102, steam cracking is hydrogen and oxygen.Electrolysis
Unit 102 can be the electrolysis cells of high vapor (steam) temperature.In a preferred embodiment, electrolysis cells 102 can be solid oxygen
Compound electrolysis system, it is using one or more of solid electrolytes, the zirconium oxide of such as stabilized with yttrium oxide, scandia stabilized
Zirconium oxide, electrolyte or lanthanum gallate materials based on ceria.Being enough can into the electrolytic condition of hydrogen and oxygen by water-splitting
With temperature and 0.1Mpa to 1MPa pressure including 50 DEG C to 1000 DEG C, 250 DEG C to 950 DEG C or 600 DEG C to 900 DEG C.Hydrogen
Stream 110 can discharge electrolysis cells 102 and for downstream chemical technique, delivery unit.Oxygen stream 112 can discharge electrolysis cells
102 and for downstream chemical technique and/or delivery unit.Hydrogen stream and/or oxygen stream can also be stored, transport or sell.
50 moles of % to 90 moles of % water can be changed into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis cells 102.In some embodiments, in water
The hydrogen and oxygen generated during cracking may collect in the hydrogen collecting apparatus in electrolysis cells 102 and oxygen collector.Receive
Storage can swim unit, delivery unit, memory cell etc. separately down and provide hydrogen or oxygen.
As shown in Figure 1B, air feed unit 114 is connected to electrolysis cells 102.Air feed unit 114 can be to electrolysis
The analysis oxygen side of unit provides air stream 116 (such as compressed air) to maintain exit flow to be less than pure oxygen.Into electrolysis cells 102
Air can be compressed air.In some embodiments, the oxygen stream 112 of discharge electrolysis cells is that have at least 10 bodies
% to 90 volume % oxygen, 50 volume % to 80 volume % oxygen or 60 volume % are accumulated to the richness of 70 volume % oxygen
Oxygen stream.
In Figure 1A and Figure 1B, the first generator unit 104 is connected to electrolysis cells 102 and solar turbine unit 106.
Solar turbine unit 106 can include the first turbine.First turbine can be one or more solar energy gas-turbines, steaming
Steam turbine, back-pressure steam turbine or its any combination.Turbine generation in solar turbine unit is provided to the first generator
The mechanical energy (shaft work) of unit 104.First generator unit 104 using mechanical energy with generate electric energy and by electric energy 118 provide to
Electrolysis cells 102.With reference to Fig. 2, system 200 describes the system that hydrogen and oxygen are manufactured by water including steamturbine.The sun
Energy turbine unit 106 can include the first turbine 200, solar heat collector unit 202 and steam generating unit 204.First
Turbine 200 can provide the generator of mechanical energy 120 to the first 104.In fig. 2, the first turbine 200 is steamturbine.Such as run through
Described by specification, solar heat collector unit 202 can generate heat 208 and provide heat to steam generating unit 204
Amount 208.Solar heat collector unit 202 can be high temperature solar energy collector, and it includes the reflection for sunlight collection
Mirror and/or lens combination (such as solar energy conversion field), and enough heats can be provided with the pressure of 20 bars to 200 bars
Under heat water to 300 DEG C to 1000 DEG C, or air is heated to about 720 DEG C to 1350 DEG C under the pressure of 1 bar to 20 bars
Temperature.In a preferred embodiment, solar collector is the speculum (such as heliostat) of computer control, and it is according to one
Change of solar direction adjusts the direction of its own in it.As described by through this specification, steam-driven generator 204 is connected to
First turbine 200.For example, when the first turbine 200 is steamturbine, steam-driven generator 204 can generate the He of steam feed 210
Steam feed 108.Steam feed 210 can be provided to the first turbine, and it generates mechanical energy 120 and reduces the pressure of steam stream 212
Power.In steam generating unit 204, water 214 enters in steam generating unit 204 and can be pressurized and/or heat to produce
Raw steam feed 210.
B. there is the solar energy system of cooling unit
In terms of some of the present invention, solar energy system of the invention can include cooling unit.Fig. 3 is described with too
The schematic diagram of the solar energy system 300 of positive energy turbine unit 106 and the electrolysis cells 102 for being connected to cooling unit 302.Cooling is single
Member 302 can include the second turbine 304, the second generator unit 306, the 3rd turbine 308, the 3rd generator unit 310 and pass
Hot cell 312.In another aspect of this invention, compressed air stream 116 is fed to electrolysis cells (see, for example, Figure 1B), compression
Air stream 116 is used to purge the oxygen produced by one electrode of electrolysis cells to produce oxygen-enriched stream 112.Within the system 300, hydrogen
Air-flow 110 can discharge electrolysis cells 102 at 800 DEG C to 1000 DEG C of temperature and the pressure of 1 bar to 10 bars, and in the second whirlpool
Expanded in wheel 304.Expansion generation mechanical energy 316 and hot hydrogen stream 318 of the hydrogen stream 110 in the second turbine 304.The machine of generation
Tool can 316 offers to the second generator unit 306, the electric energy of its generation offer to electrolysis cells 102.Electric energy 320 can be used for
Drive electrolysis cells 102 or other equipment such as air feed unit 114.Hot hydrogen stream 118 can discharge the second turbine 304 simultaneously
Heat exchange is undergone in heat transfer unit 312 to form cooled hydrogen stream 322 and reclaim heat energy 324.Reclaiming heat energy 324 can shift
To steam generating unit 106.Similarly, oxygen-enriched stream 112 can discharge the pressure with 800 DEG C to 1000 DEG C of temperature and 10 bars
The electrolysis cells 102 of power, and expanded in the 3rd turbine 308.Expansion generation mechanical energy 326 of the oxygen in the 3rd turbine 308
With hot oxygen-enriched stream 328.The mechanical energy 326 of generation is provided to the 3rd generator unit 310, and it produces electric energy 330.Electric energy 330
It can be used for driving electrolysis cells 102 or other equipment.In some embodiments, electric energy 320 and electric energy 330 can be from identical
Import enters electrolysis cells.It should be understood that electric energy can be connected to electrolysis cells via one or more imports.Hot oxygen-enriched stream
318 can discharge the 3rd turbine 308 and undergo heat exchange in heat transfer unit 312 to form cooling oxygen stream 332 and reclaim heat
Energy 324 '.The heat energy 324 ' reclaimed by heat recovery units 312 can be transferred to steam generating unit 106.As shown in figure 3, reclaiming
Heat energy 324 ' with reclaim heat energy 324 merge, although it is understood that heat energy 324 ' can be provided separately to steam generating unit
106.Cooled hydrogen stream 322 and cooling oxygen-enriched stream can have the final temperature at or approximately at environment temperature, such as 20 DEG C
To 30 DEG C or 25 DEG C of temperature.Although heat transfer unit 312 is shown as a unit, more than one unit can be needed to maintain
Enough temperature differences for conducting heat.For example, heat transfer unit 312 can include one or more heat exchangers, each heat exchange
Device carries out heat exchange to produce cooled hydrogen stream 322 and cooling oxygen-enriched stream 332 with hot hydrogen stream 318 and hot oxygen stream 328, or
The multiple heat exchange unit serial or parallel connection arrangements of person.Cooled hydrogen stream 314 can be used for downstream chemical technique, storage, transport or
Sale.Cooling oxygen stream 318 can be used for downstream chemical technique and/or delivery unit, storage, transport or sale.Produced
Electric energy 320 and 330 can be combined with electric energy 118 to be used to drive electrolysis cells 102, or for driving other to need setting for electric energy
It is standby.
C. there is the solar energy system of solar steam turbine unit
In terms of some of the present invention, solar energy system 400 includes the first turbine for electric energy by converting heat.With reference to figure
4, solar turbine unit 106 can include the first turbine 200, solar units 202, boiler 402, condenser 404 and pump
406.In system 400, the first turbine 200 is steam power turbine.Solar units 202 can be for sunlight collection
High temperature solar energy collector, it can provide the heat of abundance to add the water in boiler 402 under the pressure of 20 bars to 200 bars
Heat is to 300 DEG C to 600 DEG C.Vapor 408 is pumped to boiler 402 by pump 406 from condenser 404.Pump 406 adds to vapor 408
Press so that it enters boiler 402 as high-pressure water vapor 410.In boiler 402, by solar thermal energy 208 and optionally by
Heat energy 322 (for example, see heat recovery system described by Fig. 3) heating high-pressure water vapor 410 to form the temperature of steam to evaporating the water
Degree, steam is provided to other units as steam feed 210 and steam feed 108.Preferred in terms of, the steam of generation is high
Press steam.Boiler 402 can be any conventional solar boiler.In some instances, boiler 402 can be the pot of series connection
The water of pumping is converted into saturated vapor by stove, such as the first boiler, and then the second boiler will be steam heated to more than its saturation temperature
Spend to produce superheated steam.
A part for steam feed, steam feed 210 can discharge boiler 402 and enter the first turbine 200.First turbine
200 expand steam 210 to generate mechanical energy 120 and inflated with low pressure steam 212.Mechanical energy (shaft work) 120 can be provided to
One generator 104, it generates electric energy 118 and supplies electric energy 118 to electrolysis cells 102.Expansion steam 212 can discharge the first whirlpool
Wheel 200 simultaneously enters condenser 404.In condenser 404, expansion steam 212 is cooled down at constant pressure so that steam is condensed into water.
In some embodiments, steam 212 is set to be cooled to the temperature and pressure for producing saturated vapor.A part for generated steam, steams
Vapour charging 108 discharges boiler 402 and enters electrolysis cells 202.Valve 412 can be passed through by providing to the quantity of steam of electrolysis cells 102
Control.As shown in figure 4, the net quantity of heat and electric energy needed for driving electrolysis cells 102 are provided without using fossil fuel, so that
Carbon dioxide is not generated during use.In some embodiments, without using cooling unit 302.
D. there is the solar energy system of solar energy gas-turbine unit
In terms of some of the present invention, solar turbine unit 106 is including the use of appropriate working fluid such as air or two
The solar energy gas-turbine of carbonoxide.Fig. 5 describes the schematic diagram of solar energy system 500, and the solar energy system 500 includes and the
The first turbine 200, electrolysis cells 102, solar units 202, steam generating unit 204 and the cooling of one generator 104 combination
Unit 302.As shown in figure 5, the first turbine 200 is gas-turbine.First turbine 200 provides mechanical energy to generator 104, generates electricity
Machine 104 produces supply to the electric energy 118 of electrolysis cells 102.As described by through this specification, electrolysis cells 102 produce hydrogen
Air-flow 110 and oxygen-enriched stream 112.Such as oxygen-enriched stream is compressed air stream 116 and the oxygen generated in electrolysis cells 102
Mixture.As it was previously stated, the hydrogen stream 110 and/or oxygen-enriched stream 112 that are generated are expanded by turbine 304 and 308, gas is expanded
Body carries out heat exchange when it passes through heat transfer unit 312.The heat 324,324 ' reclaimed from heat transfer unit 312 can be transferred to
Steam generating unit 204, and as the thermal source for generating steam in system 500.
In system 500, solar units 106 include the first turbine 200, steam generating unit 204 and solar units
202.Steam generating unit 204 can be heat recovery steam generation unit, and it can reclaim heat and produce from more than one thermal source
Raw steam.Steam generating unit 204 can be included needed for being used to provide sufficient steam (such as high steam) to electrolysis cells 102
Any pump and/or water inlet wanted and outlet.As shown in figure 5, steam generating unit 204 include first heat exchanger 502, its from
First turbine 200 receives heating fluid 504 (for example heating air or carbon dioxide).Heating fluid 504 may be used as the first heat
Working fluid in exchanger 502 is to provide the heat for generating steam by water.Although only one of which heat exchanger is shown in
In steam generating unit 204, one or more heat exchangers can be used for maintaining enough heat exchanges.For example, steam is generated
Unit 204 can have one or more shell-type exchangers or tubing heat exchanger.Generated in steam generating unit 204
Steam 208 escape and enter electrolysis cells 102, it is subjected to being enough herein the condition that steam electricity is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen.
Part cooling fluid 506 discharges heat exchanger 502, into compressor 508.In compressor 508, cool down part
Fluid 506 compresses to form compression fluid 510.Compression fluid 510 is with the pressure venting compressor 508 of 1 bar to 20 bars, into
Two heat exchangers unit 512.During into second heat exchanger unit 512, compressed air can have about 250 DEG C to 300 DEG C
Temperature.Second heat exchanger unit 512 can include one or more heat exchangers.As shown in figure 5, second heat exchanger list
Member 512 includes three heat exchangers 514,516 and 518.Heat exchanger 514,516 and 518 is connected to solar units 202.Too
It is positive can unit 202 can include multiple solar collectors, speculum and lens, it is with close to 500 DEG C to being more than 1000 DEG C
High enough temp collects solar heat, and provides heat to each heat exchanger 514,516 and 518.The energy of solar units 202
Enough heat exchangers 514,516 and 518 provide the heat of desired amount.For example, compression fluid 510 through over-heat-exchanger 514,
When 516 and 518, compression fluid is gradually heated by the sonochemical activity in each heat exchanger until the temperature of compression fluid is in 1 bar to 20 bars
Pressure under about 720 DEG C to 1350 DEG C.Hot compression fluid 520 discharges heat exchanger unit 514 and enters the first turbine 200.
In first turbine 200, the fully expansion of hot compressed air 520 is provided to the first generator 104 and the machinery of compressor 508 with generating
Energy 120.Heat discharge air-flow 504 discharges the first turbine 200 and enters heat exchanger 502 to continue thermodynamic cycle.Such as Fig. 5 institutes
Show, first heat exchanger 502, compressor 508, the combination of the turbine 200 of heat exchanger 514 and first can continue the mine-laying of closure
Step on circulation；But other heat power heat recoveries can be used to circulate.In some embodiments, part or all of compression fluid
510 may be at do not need heat exchanger unit 512 sufficient temp under, therefore compression fluid steam 510 ' can by directly it is defeated
Deliver to the first turbine 200.The flow of Partial shrinkage fluid 510 can be adjusted by valve 522.The described system 500 that is used for
Solar turbine unit 106 provides effective " green " system of heat to produce the energy needed for electrolysis water, while having minimum
Or without carbon dioxide generation.
E. the circulatory system of solar energy is combined
In some embodiments, the system with reference to solar energy can be used for generation for electrolysis cells 102 steam and
Electric current.Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 describe the schematic diagram of the circulating current system 600 with reference to solar energy.System 600 includes Fig. 5 and described too
The feature of positive energy turbine system combination back-pressure steam turbine 602.With reference to Fig. 6, back-pressure steam turbine 602 is used for the first hair
Electric motor units 104 provide extra mechanical energy.Back-pressure steam turbine 602 receives the steam from steam generating unit 204 and entered
Material 604.As described by through this specification, steam feed 604 can be generated in steam generating unit 204.Steam feed
604 expand generation in back-pressure steam turbine 602 can be provided to the additional machinery energy 606 of generator unit 104.Expansion
Steam stream 608 discharges back-pressure steam turbine 602 and enters electrolysis cells 102, the thermal water source as generation hydrogen and oxygen.
In some embodiments, expansion steam stream 608 is mixed with entering the steam feed 108 of electrolysis cells 102.
With reference to Fig. 7, solar energy system 700 includes the generator unit 704 of back-pressure steam turbine 702 and the 4th, and it is combined
Solar heat generation unit 106, the first generator unit 104, electrolysis cells 102 and cooling unit 300.Back pressure steam
Turbine 702 provides mechanical energy to the 4th generator unit 704, then generates the electric energy 706 for electrolysis cells 102.Steam enters
The part of material 108, steam feed 708 is used in back-pressure steam turbine 702.Steam feed 708 is in steam generating unit 204
Expansion is to produce mechanical energy 710 and thermal expansion steam 712, and it may be used as the water source in electrolysis cells 102.As shown in fig. 7,
Into before electrolysis cells 102, thermal expansion steam 712 merges with steam feed 108.It should be understood that thermal expansion steam 712 can be straight
Connect and be supplied to electrolysis cells.In some embodiments, in the system 600 and system 700 described by Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 without using
Cooling unit 302.The combined-cycle poser generation system described in figure 6 and figure 7 provides effective, new " green " system of heat to produce
Energy required for unboiled water cracking reaction is without generating CO2 emission.
F. the method for preparing hydrogen and oxygen
Hydrogen and oxygen can be produced by water using system 100 described throughout this disclosure to system 700.It is non-at one
In restricted method, the water of vapor form can be provided from solar turbine unit 106 to electrolysis cells 102.Use this explanation
System 400 to system 700 described by book chapters and sections C to E can produce steam.In electrolysis cells 102, steam is set to be subjected to being enough
Generate the condition of hydrogen and oxygen.In some embodiments, hydrogen and oxygen can be collected separately in electrolysis cells 102
And/or collect and separated in the unit for be connected to electrolysis cells as a kind of air-flow.Can be by hydrogen, oxygen or the two offer
To one or more memory cell, chemical technology unit, delivery unit or its any combination.Due in system 100 to system
Electricity is generated without using fossil fuel and without using the raw material based on carbon, the system generates minimum carbon dioxide or not in 700
Generate carbon dioxide.
Using appropriate sensor and/or thermocouple system 100 can be made to be automated to system 700 to obtain in method
Data.The data of acquisition can be transferred into one or more computer systems.Computer system can include component for example
CPU or the application program with related machine readable medium or product, it can be with store instruction or one group of instruction, if held by machine
OK, the instruction or one group of instruction can make machine perform the method according to the invention and/or operation.For example, from sensor and/or heat
During galvanic couple input data, can control fluid flow, open or close with various turbines, compressor, heat exchanger, generator,
The associated valve of the inlet and outlet of electrolysis cells etc..This machine can include for example any appropriate process platform, calculate
Platform, computing device, process apparatus, computing system, procedures system, computer, processor etc., it is possible to using any appropriate
The combination of hardware and/or software is performed.Machine readable medium or product can include, such as the memory list of any appropriate type
Member, memory storage, memory product, memory media, storage device, storage product, storage product and/or memory cell, for example, deposit
Reservoir, removable medium or irremovable medium, erasable medium or non-erasable medium, writable medium or erasable Jie
It is matter, digital medium or simulation medium, hard disk, floppy disk, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), etch-recordable optical disk (CD-R), erasable
Writing optical disk (CD-RW), CD, magnetic medium, magnet-optical medium, removable memory card or CD, different types of digital universal light
Disk (DVD), tape, cassette tape etc..Instruction can include the code of any appropriate type, such as source code, compiled code, turn over
Translate code, executable code, static code, dynamic code etc..Instruction can use any appropriate high-level programming language, it is rudimentary
Programming language, object oriented programming language, visual programming language, compiling programming language and/or translation programming language, such as C,
C++, Java, BASIC, Perl, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembler language, machine code etc..Computer system
Display device such as display, alphanumeric input device such as keyboard can also be included and device such as mouse is directly inputted
Mark.
Embodiment
The present invention can be described more fully by specific embodiment.Following examples are provided for illustration purposes only,
It is not intended to be limiting in any manner the present invention.Those skilled in the art, which can easily identify, can change or change and produce base
The various nonessential parameters of this identical result.
Predictive embodiment 1：
(calculating for proving the solar energy system efficiency with solar energy gas-turbine unit)
Being given below with reference to Fig. 8 proves the calculating of efficiency of the present invention and benefit.Fig. 8 includes closed-loop gas whirlpool for the present invention
The schematic diagram of the solar turbine unit of wheel unit, and be Fig. 5 rough schematic view.
214.82kWh solar energy is amounted to collect by solar units 202.Handed in the heat for being connected to solar units 202
In parallel operation 514,516 and 518, those solar energy are further transferred to working fluid.In view of in heat exchanger 50% efficiency,
Fluid 520 carry heat energy be：
214.82kWh × 50%=120.91kWh (IV)
Fluid 520 enters the first turbine 200, and wherein hot compressed air 520 fully expands to generate mechanical energy 120.It is assumed that
80% gas-turbine efficiency, the energy total amount in air-flow 120 may be calculated：
120.91kWh × 80%=96.73kWh (V)
The machinery in air-flow 120 is provided to the first generator 104 and compressor 508 respectively with 85% to 15% ratio
Energy.It is in being to provide to the mechanical energy of the first generator 104：
96.73kWh × 85%=82.22kWh (VI)
Usual generator has about 90% efficiency.Therefore, the electric energy 118 of generation is：
82.22kWh × 90%=74kWh (VII)
Electric energy 118 eventually enters into electrolysis cells 102.For simplest situation, it is assumed that the 18kg water in air-flow 108 is direct
Into electrolysis cells 102.Using water and electric energy, hydrogen and oxygen are produced in electrolysis cells 102.Use the low heat value of hydrogen
(LHV) 33.31kWh/kg, 90% electrolytic efficiency calculate generated amounts of hydrogen：
74kWh × 90%/33.31kWh/kg=2kg (VIII)
Finally, water-splitting chemical reaction and every kind of chemistry that the amount of oxygen generated can be provided based on reaction formula (III)
The molecular weight of composition is quantified：
(2kg/.2g/mol) × 0.5 × 32g/mol=16kg (IX)
In a word, the embodiment is by using the method for the present invention, and will amount to 214.82kWh solar energy and 18kg water is used to produce
Raw 2kg hydrogen and 16kg oxygen.Note not forming carbon dioxide in whole process.As simple contrast, if using water
Heat chemistry cracking produce same amount of hydrogen and oxygen, wherein energy supply is not solar energy but the fossil of natural gas fires
Material, then about 117 pounds of CO will be generated2；If energy supply is gasoline, then about 157 pounds of CO will be generated2；If energy supply is
Coal (lignite), then about 215 pounds of CO will be generated2。
Claims (20)
1. a kind of solar energy system that hydrogen and oxygen are generated by water, the system includes：
(a) electrolysis cells, it is configured as producing hydrogen and oxygen by water, and the electrolysis cells include steam feed mouthful and are used for
Hydrogen, oxygen or at least the first product exit of the two；
(b) the first generator unit, it is configured as providing electricity to the electrolysis cells；
(c) solar turbine unit, it is configured as driving first generator unit and provided to the steam feed mouthful
Steam, the solar turbine unit includes：
(i) it is connected to first generator unit and is configured as providing it the first turbine of shaft work；
(ii) it is connected to the steam feed mouthful of the electrolysis cells and is configured as filling the steam generating unit of water；
(iii) it is configurable to generate heat and the solar units of heat is provided to the steam generating unit.
2. system according to claim 1, it also includes being connected to the electrolysis cells and is configured as produced by receiving
Hydrogen oxygen or preferably the two and make its cool product cooling unit.
3. system according to claim 2, wherein the product cooling unit includes：
(i) it is connected to the second generator unit and is configured as providing it the second turbine of energy, wherein second turbine
Be configured as receive produced by hydrogen oxygen or preferably the two；
(ii) be connected to steam generating unit and being configured as the heat produced by the product cooling unit is transferred to it is described
The heat transfer unit of steam generating unit.
4. system according to claim 3, wherein second generator unit is configured as providing electricity to electrolysis cells.
5. system according to claim 4, wherein the product cooling unit include being connected to the second generator unit or
3rd generator unit and the 3rd turbine for being configured as providing it energy, wherein the 3rd turbine is configured as receiving institute
The hydrogen or oxygen of generation or preferably the two, wherein the 3rd generator unit be configured as to the electrolysis cells provide
Electricity.
6. system according to claim 1, wherein the solar turbine unit includes：
(i) it is connected to first generator unit and is configured as providing it the first turbine of shaft work；
(ii) steam generating unit of the steam feed mouthful of the electrolysis cells is connected to, wherein the steam generating unit includes
It is configured as filling water and produces the boiler of steam；
(iii) it is configurable to generate heat and the solar units of heat is provided to the boiler；
(iv) condenser；
Wherein described boiler is connected to first turbine and is configured as steam being transferred to first whirlpool from the boiler
Wheel,
Wherein described first turbine is connected to condenser and is configured as steam being transferred to the condenser from turbine,
Wherein described condenser is configured as making the steam shifted by turbine be condensed into liquid,
Wherein described condenser is connected to the boiler and is configured as liquid being transferred to the boiler.
7. system according to claim 1, wherein the solar turbine unit is closed-loop gas turbine unit, it is described to close
Ring gas-turbine unit includes：
(i) it is connected to first generator unit and is configured as providing it the first turbine of shaft work；
(ii) steam generating unit of the steam feed mouthful of the electrolysis cells is connected to, wherein the steam generating unit includes
The first heat exchanger of first turbine is connected to receive the heating fluid from first turbine, wherein in the first heat
Heat is transferred to water to produce steam and cooling fluid from heating fluid in exchanger；
(iii) it is configurable to generate heat and the solar units of heat is provided to cooling fluid；
Wherein described heat exchanger is connected to compressor and is configured as cooling fluid being transferred to the compressor,
Wherein described compressor is connected to second heat exchanger, and the second heat exchanger is configured as being produced with solar units
Heat cooling fluid,
Wherein described second heat exchanger is connected to first turbine heating fluid is transferred into first turbine.
8. system according to claim 7, it also includes back-pressure steam turbine unit, wherein the back pressure steam whirlpool
Wheel is connected to the first heat exchanger and is configured as receiving the steam from the heat exchanger.
9. system according to claim 8, wherein the back-pressure steam turbine unit includes being connected to the first generator
Unit and the 4th turbine for being configured as providing it shaft work.
10. system according to claim 8, wherein the back-pressure steam turbine unit includes being connected to the 4th generator
Unit and the 4th turbine for being configured as providing it energy, wherein the 4th generator unit is configured as to the electrolysis
Unit provides electricity.
11. system according to claim 1, wherein the steam that the steam generating unit is produced is steam under pressure.
12. system according to claim 1, wherein the system does not produce carbon dioxide during use.
13. system according to claim 1, wherein produced hydrogen or produced oxygen or the two respectively under
Swim chemical technology.
14. system according to claim 1, wherein the electrolysis cells include at least two product exits, wherein first
Product exit is used for hydrogen, and the second product exit is used for oxygen.
15. system according to claim 14, it also includes the air supply for being connected to the electrolysis cells, wherein described
Air is supplied to be provided air to cause the mixture for producing oxygen and air by second outlet to the analysis oxygen side of the electrolysis cells.
16. the method that the system described in a kind of usage right requirement 1 is generated hydrogen and oxygen by water, methods described includes passing through water
By the electrolytic condition for being enough to produce hydrogen and oxygen.
17. method according to claim 16, it also includes providing hydrogen to one or more memory cell, chemistry
Technique unit, delivery unit or its any combination, and/or oxygen is provided to one or more memory cell, chemical technology
Unit, delivery unit or its any combination.
18. method according to claim 16, wherein produced hydrogen or produced oxygen or the two respectively for
Downstream chemical technique.
19. method according to claim 16, wherein the system does not produce carbon dioxide.
20. method according to claim 16, its reclaimed water is the vapor form produced by steam generating unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201562106056P | 2015-01-21 | 2015-01-21 | |
| US62/106,056 | 2015-01-21 | ||
| PCT/US2016/013872 WO2016118487A1 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2016-01-19 | Solar powered systems and methods for generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from water |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107109668A true CN107109668A (en) | 2017-08-29 |
Family
ID=56417641
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680004484.4A Pending CN107109668A (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2016-01-19 | The solar energy system and method for hydrogen and oxygen are generated by water |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20160369411A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3247820A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20170088932A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN107109668A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016118487A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3658490A1 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2020-06-03 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Method for improving efficiency of an ammonia synthesis gas plant |
| KR20190051178A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-15 | 숙명여자대학교산학협력단 | Service method and system of renewable energy |
| US10995009B2 (en) * | 2018-11-11 | 2021-05-04 | Christopher Papile | Renewable energy produced ammonia, apparatus, method and materials |
| EP4061771A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 | 2022-09-28 | Ohmium International, Inc. | Systems and methods of ammonia synthesis |
| WO2022026523A1 (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-03 | Ohmium International, Inc. | Modular system for hydrogen and ammonia generation without direct water input from a central source and methods of operating the same |
| KR102560010B1 (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2023-07-27 | 한국과학기술원 | Nuclear power load response generation system using solar heat |
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- 2016-01-19 US US15/111,114 patent/US20160369411A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016118487A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
| EP3247820A4 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| US20160369411A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
| EP3247820A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| KR20170088932A (en) | 2017-08-02 |
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