CN107104420A - The segment protection method of circuit distance I accessed suitable for THE UPFC - Google Patents
The segment protection method of circuit distance I accessed suitable for THE UPFC Download PDFInfo
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- CN107104420A CN107104420A CN201710381594.9A CN201710381594A CN107104420A CN 107104420 A CN107104420 A CN 107104420A CN 201710381594 A CN201710381594 A CN 201710381594A CN 107104420 A CN107104420 A CN 107104420A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to circuit on power system relay protection field, more particularly to a kind of segment protection method of circuit distance I accessed suitable for THE UPFC.The present invention builds virtual similar triangles using post-fault system voltage x current phasor geometrical property, and construction novel fault accurately solves fault distance apart from equation is solved accordingly, and internal fault external fault is correctly distinguished in conjunction with fault localization fluctuation assistant criteria.This method is not influenceed by transition resistance, and abort situation can be accurately positioned merely with single-end electrical quantity information, and can reliably distinguish internal fault external fault with reference to assistant criteria.In addition, this method is applied to various fault types and the distancing element of various acting characteristics, do not influenceed with good universality and by the UPFC methods of operation, be that the projects of relay protection containing UPFC circuits and research and development provide solid theoretical calculation basis.
Description
Technical field
Connect the invention belongs to circuit on power system relay protection field, more particularly to one kind suitable for THE UPFC
The segment protection method of circuit distance I entered.
Background technology
With developing rapidly for China's economy, modern power systems progressively turn into largest, level in modern industry
Most complicated, the non-linear physical system of the huge dimension of integrated degree highest.At the same time, modern power systems, which are also faced with, is
The problems such as system planning is with most optimum distribution of resources, safe and stable operation.To solve these problems, FACTS
(FACTS) arise at the historic moment, it combines modern power electronics technology, automatic control technology and computer technology, can be achieved to electricity
Safer, more stable, more efficient, the more flexible control of Force system.UPFC (THE UPFC) is former as third generation FACTS
Part, series compensation and shunt compensation can be realized simultaneously, with the advantage that traditional FACTS devices are incomparable.Theory analysis and work
Journey example shows, UPFC can realize to voltage, phase angle, impedance and then that to system load flow quick frequently regulation is controlled, and significantly carry
Elevated track conveying capacity and the vibration of system maintenance level damping system, therefore experts and scholars have carried out largely grinding to it both at home and abroad
Study carefully, mainly include：Physical model, electromagnetic transient simulation, system concussion and control strategy etc..But UPFC is improving systematic function
While also change impedance, voltage, phase angle etc. as the electrical quantity of relay protection criterion, and then threaten protective relaying device
Action message, the influence for protection of especially adjusting the distance is the most serious：There is document to carry out the transmission line impedance based on UPFC
Detailed analysis, it is indicated that different installation sites have a great impact to protection act border, and think that UPFC can make system transient modelling
Process is complicated, and theoretically labor UPFC adjusts the distance the influence of protection, it is proposed that determined based on Digital Simulation similar
Border is adjusted in artificial neural network (ANN)；In addition there is the distance protection that UPFC is caused in scholar's labor double loop
Malfunction case, and propose the adaptive distance protection method for the problem.Because UPFC can run on various working and not
Differed greatly with operational factor under operating mode, therefore the adaptive distance protection based on ANN needs to carry out substantial amounts of test and study,
And other distance protecting methods need system two ends it is strict pair when handle, have higher requirement, therefore inconvenience to communication system
In implementation.So, need a kind of new Distance Protection Algorithm badly with solve circuit containing UPFC through failure during transition Resistance Fault away from
The problem of from accurate calculate.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, for transition resistance and UPFC access to circuit distance
The influence of protection, it is proposed that a kind of segment protection method of circuit distance I accessed suitable for THE UPFC, after failure
System voltage electric current geometrical property builds similar triangles and construction fault distance solves equation accordingly, accurately solves fault distance
While combination failure ranging fluctuation assistant criteria correctly distinguish internal fault external fault.
The technical method of the present invention is as described below：
A kind of segment protection method of circuit distance I accessed suitable for THE UPFC, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Build fault localization equation；According to network analysis figure is simplified, voltage x current phasor diagram is base using after failure
Plinth constructs similar triangles；Fault distance percentage is constructed according to the corresponding sides ratio equal principle of similar triangles and solves public affairs
Formula, is solved by search one by one method to fault distance percentage P；
Step 2：Failure criterion is solved；The fault distance solution formula built according to step one solves fault localization average pm
And fault localization variance D (p)；
Step 3：Judge operation condition；Fault localization average p described in judgment step twomIts fault localization variance D (p) meter
Calculate whether result meets distance protection operation condition.
The fault distance percentage solution formula is as follows：
In formula：Voltage is measured for line end protection installation place,Electric current is measured for line end protection installation place,For faulty line positive sequence impedance angle, ZLFor total track length positive sequence impedance, p is fault distance percentage, that is, protects installation place extremely
The ratio of line length and total track length between trouble point；
When system is single-phase grounding fault：
In formula,Voltage is measured for line end protection installation place,Electric current is measured for line end protection installation place,For the phase voltage of single-phase grounding fault circuit,For the phase current of single-phase grounding fault circuit,
For system zero-sequence current, intermediate variableZ1For circuit positive sequence impedance, Z0For circuit zero sequence impedance；
When system is phase fault：
In formula,For line end protection installation place measurement voltage,Electric current is measured for line end protection installation place,For the line voltage of phase fault circuit,For the line current of phase fault circuit,
The fault localization average pmAnd fault localization variance D (p) method for solving is as follows：Sample frequency is determined, with complete
All fourier algorithms solve the fundametal compoment of sampled signal in the second cycle, and it is corresponding to calculate each point according to fault distance solution formula
Fault localization average pmAnd fault localization variance D (p), constitute assistant criteria.
The step 3 is specific as follows：
Step 301：By pmAnd D (p) is brought into, judge whether to meet distance protection operation condition：
P in formulam≤psetFor distance protection operation equation；Whether D (p) ＜ 0.1 are auxiliary comprising UPFC to distinguish fault coverage
Help criterion；pmFor fault localization average；psetFor I section of setting valve of traditional distance protection, whereinZLFor total track length just
Sequence impedance；D (p) is fault localization variance；
Step 302：Work as pm, D (p) is when being satisfied by distance protection operation condition, is determined as protection domain internal fault, UPFC's
To I section of trip protection of lateral extent.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
I section of the distance protection of the present invention is not influenceed by transition resistance and UPFC, merely with single-end electrical quantity information
Abort situation is accurately positioned, and internal fault external fault can reliably be distinguished according to the fluctuation of fault distance result of calculation.In addition, this
Invention is not influenceed suitable for various fault types and the distancing element of various acting characteristics by the UPFC methods of operation, is had
Good universality, calculates simple and reliable, there is certain engineering significance.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the segment protection method flow chart of circuit distance I that UPFC is accessed；
Accompanying drawing 2 is system schematic containing UPFC；
Accompanying drawing 3 is UPFC simplified models and abort situation schematic diagram；
System positive sequence network figure after the line fault containing UPFC of accompanying drawing 4；
System negative sequence network figure after the line fault containing UPFC of accompanying drawing 5；
System zero-sequence network figure after the line fault containing UPFC of accompanying drawing 6；
System voltage electric current phasor figure during failure at the F1 of accompanying drawing 7；
System voltage electric current phasor figure during failure at the F2 of accompanying drawing 8；
Fault distance result of calculation figure during 9 Rg=30 Ω of accompanying drawing；
Fault distance result of calculation figure during 10 Rg=60 Ω of accompanying drawing；
Fault distance result of calculation figure during 11 Rg=100 Ω of accompanying drawing；
Fault distance result of calculation figure during 12 F2 point failures of accompanying drawing；
Embodiment
The main thought of this method is to build virtual similar triangle using post-fault system voltage x current phasor geometrical property
Shape, and construction novel fault distance solution equation accurately solves fault distance accordingly, sentences in conjunction with fault localization fluctuation auxiliary
Internal fault external fault is distinguished according to correct.The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.Accompanying drawing 1 accesses for UPFC
The segment protection method flow chart of circuit distance I, as shown in figure 1, first build fault localization equation, according to simplify network analysis
Figure, to construct similar triangles based on voltage x current phasor diagram after failure；It is equal according to the corresponding sides ratio of similar triangles
Principle constructs fault distance percentage solution formula, and fault distance percentage is solved by search one by one method；Next is asked
Failure criterion is solved, the fault distance solution formula built according to step one solves the average p of fault distance percentagemAnd failure away from
From the variance D (p) of percentage；Finally judge operation condition, failure judgement is apart from percentage average pmIts variance D (p) calculating
As a result distance protection operation condition whether is met：If pmDistance protection operation condition is satisfied by with D (p), then is judged
For in protection domain internal fault, UPFC to I section of trip protection of lateral extent, otherwise directly exit, judge to terminate.
Further, during fault localization equation is built, specific method is as described below：First will be as shown in Figure 2
System schematic containing UPFC is simplified, and the model and abort situation after simplifying are as shown in figure 3, short circuit occurs for F1 points in figure 3
Failure, M sides are line end, and UPFC is entered by circuit top N side joints.Because Y-Y is respectively adopted in UPFC connection in series-parallel converter power transformers
With the Y- Δ modes of connection, and two kinds of equal net sides of the mode of connection are earth-free, therefore post-fault system zero-sequence current is not passed through UPFC sheets
Body device, i.e., will not change the zero-sequence network structure of post-fault system.The circuit containing UPFC according to Fig. 3 simplifies signal accordingly
Figure, draws the positive sequence network figure of negative zero three of post-fault system, as Figure 4-Figure 6, and accompanying drawing 4- accompanying drawings 6 are respectively UPFC line faults
System positive sequence network figure, negative sequence network figure and zero-sequence network figure afterwards, from Fig. 4-Fig. 6, UPFC access is in zero-sequence network
Series connection converter power transformer zero sequence leakage reactance is only introduced, and without zero-sqeuence potential access, and then maintain network structure constant；But just
Positive sequence potential is introduced by series connection converter power transformer respectively in negative sequence networkWith negative phase-sequence potentialSequence web frame is changed, generally
Under three-stage control system adjustment effect, UPFC can be according to system requirements multi-mode operation, to reach scheduling level during steady-state operation
Control targe.From UPFC control theories, UPFC exerts oneself and control system parameter is system phase angle difference, frequency, voltage, electric current
Etc. electrical quantity, the system failure will certainly change above-mentioned electrical quantity, and destroy power, the balance of voltage when normally running, UPFC controls
Can system processed, which realize former control targe and recover former poised state, is difficult to predict, even if recovering Yuanping City's weighing apparatus or setting up new balance
A dynamic regulation process is also required to, series branch exerted oneself and understood the moment change under control system adjustment effect period UPFC,
Therefore the guard method that can adjust the distance causes very big influence.For this present invention according to Fig. 3 to the analysis model of line fault containing UPFC
Carry out accident analysis：
From circuit M sides, when failure does not include UPFC position positioned at F1 in Fig. 3 etc., then line end M sides are protected
Installation place measurement voltage expression is as follows：
In formula, Z is protection installation place to the circuit positive sequence impedance between trouble point；Respectively line end is protected
Installation place measurement voltage, measurement electric current；For fault point voltage；
When system is single-phase grounding fault：
In formulaZ1、Z0Respectively circuit positive sequence, zero sequence impedance；Respectively line end protection is pacified
Voltage, measurement electric current are measured at dress；For the phase voltage of single-phase grounding fault circuit,For single-phase grounding fault line
The phase current on road, For system zero-sequence current；
When system is phase fault：
In formula,Respectively line end protection installation place measures voltage, measurement electric current；For phase fault event
Hinder the line voltage of circuit,For the line current of phase fault circuit,
According to voltage-current relationship after above-mentioned shown failure, with fault branch electric current after failureTo draw event with reference to phasor
System protection installation place measures electric current after barrierMeasure voltageFault point voltageFault branch electric currentInstallation place is protected to line voltage distribution between trouble pointPhasor diagram；System voltage electric current phase when accompanying drawing 7 is failure at F1
Spirogram, as shown in fig. 7, extensionWithMeet in point B, the figureFor known quantity, and such as trouble point in figure
VoltageInstallation place is protected to line voltage distribution between trouble pointRepresented Deng unknown quantity by fault distance percentage, the failure
It is to protect installation place to the ratio of circuit positive sequence impedance between trouble point and total track length positive sequence impedance apart from percentage, therefore sets up
Fault distance percentage equation, and then solve unknown quantity.Phasor diagram according to Fig. 7, according to voltage x current geometry in figure
Characteristic adds boost line and constitutes similar triangles Δ OCD and Δ MAD again, and solves each corner of similar triangles, due to Δ OCD
~Δ MAD, understands using similar triangles corresponding sides ratio is equalEach amount expression formula in formula is brought into and can constructed
Fault distance percentage solution formula：
In formula,Respectively line end protection installation place measures voltage, measurement electric current；For faulty line just
Sequence impedance angle, ZLFor total track length positive sequence impedance, p is that fault distance percentage is to protect installation place to line length between trouble point
With the ratio of total track length.
When system is single-phase grounding fault：In formulaZ1、Z0Respectively
For circuit positive sequence, zero sequence impedance,Respectively line end protection installation place measures voltage, measurement electric current；For list
The phase voltage of phase ground short circuit faulty line,For the phase current of single-phase grounding fault circuit, For system zero
Sequence electric current；When system is phase fault,In formulaRespectively line end protection is pacified
Voltage, measurement electric current are measured at dress；For the line voltage of phase fault circuit,For the line of phase fault circuit
Electric current,Only one unknown quantity is fault distance percentage p in f (p), makes f (p)=0 solve.Due to f
(p) it is=0 nonlinear equation, therefore can be solved by search one by one method.
Further, during failure criterion is solved, specific method is as described below：UPFC as shown in Figure 3 simplifies mould
Type and abort situation schematic diagram, when failure includes UPFC position positioned at F2 in Fig. 3 etc., UPFC series branches connect in the line
Enter the potential of a time-varyingNow line end protection installation place measurement voltage expression is as follows：
Z in formulaTFor series transformer leakage reactance, ZLFor,For UPFC series branches offset voltage,Respectively line
Road end protection installation place measurement voltage, measurement electric current,For fault point voltage；
System voltage electric current phasor relation is as shown in figure 8, as seen from Figure 8 during failure at F2, UPFC access destruction
Δ OC ' D~Δ M ' A ' D ' geometrical relationship, thus fault localization obtained by this method can not correct faults distance, and
And have larger fluctuation.But failure occurs at the position not comprising UPFC, ranging is stable, and fluctuation is smaller, accordingly can profit
Constitute assistant criteria to distinguish internal fault external fault with ranging fluctuation size.It can obtain after line fault containing UPFC in summary
UPFC offside distance protection criterion：Sample frequency is determined first, and sampled signal in the second cycle is solved with full-wave fourier algorithm
Fundametal compoment, the corresponding fault distance percentage average p of each point is calculated according to fault distance solution formulamAnd variance D (p),
To constitute assistant criteria.
Further, during operation condition is judged, specific method is as described below：By pmAnd D (p) brings distance protection into
Operation equation judges whether to meet distance protection operation condition：
P in formulam≤psetFor traditional distance protection operation equation；Whether D (p) ＜ 0.1 include UPFC for differentiation fault coverage
Assistant criteria；WhereinFor I section of setting valve of traditional distance protection；ZLFor total track length positive sequence impedance, pmSurveyed for failure
Away from average, D (p) is the variance of fault localization；
D (p) reflects the fluctuation of fault localization, constitutes the assistant criteria whether failure judgement scope includes UPFC,
The influence for the factor that measurement error, distribution capacity etc. may make fault localization result produce fluctuation is considered, therefore by criterion
Boundary is set to 0.1.Work as pmJust it is determined as protection domain internal fault when being satisfied by distance protection operation condition with D (p), accordingly
UPFC to I section of trip protection of lateral extent.
Embodiment 1
With specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described below.220KV dual power supplies containing UPFC as shown in Figure 2 are supplied
In electric system,Line length is 100km, and distance protection setting is the 80% of total track length,
UPFC rated capacities are 100MVA.The system maximum possible transition after the art common knowledge, the 220KV system failures
Resistance is 100 Ω, therefore takes system respectively through 30 Ω, 60 Ω, 100 Ω, tri- transition resistance values, near protection domain end
Analyzed exemplified by single phase ground fault failure, it is assumed that failure occurs after system operation 7s.Experimental data and emulation are tied
Fruit is that 7s takes in second cycle sampled data through all-round fourier as time zero, and using MATLAB all using failure initial time
Gained is calculated after algorithm filtering.Its simulation result is as Figure 9-Figure 11.Simulation result shown in Fig. 3 at F2 during failure is as schemed
Shown in 12, Rg is transition resistance, p in figureFIt is physical fault apart from percentage.
Analyzed from simulation result Fig. 9-Figure 11, guard method of the invention is influenceed smaller by fault transient, can be quick
Correct distance measurement result is tried to achieve, error is less than 3%, meets requirement of the high-pressure system to protection device quick-action；The fluctuation of ranging simultaneously
Property it is smaller, ranging standard deviation be 10-4Left and right.Therefore fault distance can be correctly solved, and then ensures that I section of distance will not tripping or mistake
It is dynamic.As shown in Figure 12, outside protection zone during F2 point failures, fault localization is larger, is all higher than setting valve 0.1.As can be seen here, this hair
The major-minor criterion of bright accompanying method complements each other, and can accurately distinguish internal fault external fault, while can overcome transition resistance and UPFC
Adjust the distance the influence of protection.
This embodiment is only the present invention preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims
It is defined.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of segment protection method of circuit distance I accessed suitable for THE UPFC, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1：Build fault localization equation；According to simplified network analysis figure, the structure based on voltage x current phasor diagram after failure
Make similar triangles；Fault distance percentage solution formula is constructed according to the corresponding sides ratio equal principle of similar triangles, led to
Search one by one method is crossed to solve fault distance percentage P；
Step 2：Failure criterion is solved；The fault distance solution formula built according to step one solves fault localization average pmAnd therefore
Hinder ranging variance D (p)；
Step 3：Judge operation condition；Fault localization average p described in judgment step twomIts fault localization variance D (p) calculating knot
Whether fruit meets distance protection operation condition.
2. a kind of segment protection method of circuit distance I accessed suitable for THE UPFC according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the fault distance percentage solution formula is as follows：
In formula：Voltage is measured for line end protection installation place,Electric current is measured for line end protection installation place,For
Faulty line positive sequence impedance angle, ZLFor total track length positive sequence impedance, p is fault distance percentage, that is, protects installation place to failure
The ratio of line length and total track length between point；
When system is single-phase grounding fault,
In formula,Voltage is measured for line end protection installation place,Electric current is measured for line end protection installation place,For list
The phase voltage of phase ground short circuit faulty line,For the phase current of single-phase grounding fault circuit, For system zero
Sequence electric current, intermediate variableZ1For circuit positive sequence impedance, Z0For circuit zero sequence impedance；
When system is phase fault,
In formula,For line end protection installation place measurement voltage,Electric current is measured for line end protection installation place,For
The line voltage of phase fault circuit,For the line current of phase fault circuit,。
3. a kind of segment protection method of circuit distance I accessed suitable for THE UPFC according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the fault localization average pmAnd fault localization variance D (p) method for solving is as described below：
Sample frequency is determined, the fundametal compoment of sampled signal in the second cycle is solved with full-wave fourier algorithm, according to fault distance
Solution formula calculates the corresponding fault localization average p of each pointmAnd fault localization variance D (p), constitute assistant criteria.
4. a kind of segment protection method of circuit distance I accessed suitable for THE UPFC according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, the step 3 is specific as follows：
Step 301：By pmAnd D (p) is brought into, judge whether to meet distance protection operation condition：
In formula：pm≤psetFor distance protection operation equation；D (p) ＜ 0.1 to distinguish fault coverage, whether sentence by the auxiliary comprising UPFC
According to；pmFor fault localization average；psetFor I section of setting valve of traditional distance protection, whereinZLHindered for total track length positive sequence
It is anti-；D (p) is fault localization variance；
Step 302：Work as pm, D (p) is when being satisfied by distance protection operation condition, is determined as protection domain internal fault, UPFC offside
I section of trip protection of distance.
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| CN201710381594.9A CN107104420B (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | I segment protection method of route distance suitable for THE UPFC access |
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| CN201710381594.9A CN107104420B (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | I segment protection method of route distance suitable for THE UPFC access |
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| CN110265980A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-09-20 | 昆明理工大学 | It is a kind of that UPFC and fixed series compensation C mixed compensation line protection method are contained based on correlation analysis |
| CN110470949A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-19 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Fault positioning method for transmission line |
| CN110470950A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-19 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Fault positioning method for transmission line |
| CN112485601A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-12 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Fault analysis method and system based on double-end line electrical quantity information |
| CN113109661A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-07-13 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for calculating protection action time of power transmission line |
| CN113567808A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-29 | 华北电力大学 | Unified power flow controller access line fault positioning method and system |
| CN114696304A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-01 | 天津大学 | Single-end protection method of alternating current transmission line based on UPFC boundary |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110265980A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-09-20 | 昆明理工大学 | It is a kind of that UPFC and fixed series compensation C mixed compensation line protection method are contained based on correlation analysis |
| CN110265980B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2021-11-02 | 昆明理工大学 | UPFC (unified power flow controller) and fixed series compensation C-containing hybrid compensation line protection method based on correlation analysis |
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| CN110470950A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-19 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Fault positioning method for transmission line |
| CN112485601A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-12 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Fault analysis method and system based on double-end line electrical quantity information |
| CN112485601B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2023-08-25 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Fault analysis method and system based on double-end line electrical quantity information |
| CN113109661A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-07-13 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for calculating protection action time of power transmission line |
| CN113567808A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-29 | 华北电力大学 | Unified power flow controller access line fault positioning method and system |
| CN114696304A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-01 | 天津大学 | Single-end protection method of alternating current transmission line based on UPFC boundary |
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