CN107102284B - A kind of multiport non-insertion accurate calibration method led directly to based on ideal zero - Google Patents
A kind of multiport non-insertion accurate calibration method led directly to based on ideal zero Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of multiport non-insertion accurate calibration methods led directly to based on ideal zero, comprising the following steps: step 1, carries out reflection calibration, determines source matching error ESi, directional error EDiWith reflection tracking error ERi；Step 2, additional primary event calibration is carried out；Step 3, (N-1) secondary zero thru calibration is carried out between port i and other N-1 port, determines (N-1) (N-2) item transmission tracking error between other a ports (N-1) in addition to the i of port and (N-1) of a port (N-1)2Item load matched error；Step 4, additional primary event calibration and twice thru calibration are carried out again, determine 2 (N-1) item transmission tracking errors between (N-1) item load matched error and port i and other N-1 port when port i is in reception state between other a ports (N-1).The present invention improves non-insertion calibration and measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of test technology, in particular to a kind of multiport non-insertion led directly to based on ideal zero is accurate
Calibration method.
Background technique
With the continuous improvement that people require electronic equipment performance, volume and power consumption etc., designer must not
A variety of different discrete function modules are integrated into a multifunction module by the disconnected integrated level for improving frequency microwave partial circuit
In.This multifunction module usually has the input/output port of multiple same type connectors.Use vector network analyzer
Before being measured to the performance indicator of these multiport Multifunctional radio-frequency microwave modules, it is necessary to carry out school to vector network analyzer
Standard, to determine various vector system error sizes existing for measuring system itself, then in measurement by using error correction
Algorithm removes influence of these systematic errors to measurement accuracy, can just obtain the true performance indicator of measured piece.
The calibration of vector network analyzer is exactly by measuring to calibration standard known to one group of characteristic, by comparing
Measured value and given value determine the process of the various systematic errors of measuring system itself.Currently, using more extensive calibration method
It is SOLT calibration, calibration standard includes short-circuiting device (S), open device (O) and load (L) three reflectance standards and a straight-through standard
(T), an important factor for accordance between normal data model and actual characteristic is decision calibration accuracy is calibrated, therebetween
Difference is the important sources of calibration error.It is by being attached directly together two measurement ports that standard is led directly under default situations
It realizes, is an ideal zero straight-through standard, do not need to lead directly to standard using a true physics.
The default data model of straight-through standard regards straight-through standard as ideal zero-length and leads directly to part, i.e. port 1 and port 2
Reflection S11=S22=0, signal does not introduce any loss and delay, i.e. S when transmitting in straight-through standard21=S12=1, in institute
In some calibration standards, the accordance of the data model and actual characteristic that lead directly to standard is best, therefore using ideal straight
Logical standard is conducive to improve calibration accuracy, further also improves measurement accuracy.
For the coaxial measured piece with identical measurement port connector type, in thru calibration, two measurement ports
It cannot be connected directly to and carry out ideal zero thru calibration together, need when thru calibration to connect an adaptation between two ports
Device inevitably introduces mismatch, delay and loss.At this time if not taking additional treatment process, because leading directly to the reality of standard
There are greatest differences for border characteristic and data model, it will introduces very big calibration error.
Non-insertion measured piece is referred to as to the measured piece that can not carry out ideal zero thru calibration, before the measurement of this kind of device
The calibration process of progress is referred to as non-insertion calibration, calibrates difficult point mainly in the thru calibration stage, mainly there is 4 kinds of methods at present
Solve this problem:
(1) first method is to modify the definition of straight-through normal data model, according to the reality of used straight-through adapter
Border characteristic modifies the definition for being lost and being delayed in straight-through normal data model, because used straight-through adapter itself is also one
A non-insertable devices, there are certain difficulty for the acquisition of performance data, even if having obtained the performance data of straight-through adapter, also need
The model data of calibration standard could be obtained by carrying out series of computation again, be required the professional technique of survey crew very high.Furthermore
Think that straight-through standard is reciprocity in the data model of straight-through standard, i.e., preceding reversed transmission characteristic is consistent, and is not had
Consider the port mismatch properties of straight-through standard, it is believed that the port Impedance of straight-through standard is perfect match, these errors all can shadow
Ring calibration accuracy.
(2) second method is using a kind of calibration method for being known as adapter removal, the limitation and disadvantage of this method
It include: to also require that adapter be reciprocity, port is perfect match, is provided with a fixed limit to the frequency interval measurement point
System, and calibration process is very cumbersome, and this calibration method is rarely employed now.
(3) in addition there are also a kind of calibration method for being known as equivalent adapter exchange, this calibration method craftsmenship is very high, real
It is rarely employed in the calibration of border.
(4) most commonly used at present is unknown thru calibration method, and one characteristic of connection is also needed in thru calibration
Unknown adapter, but calibration procedure can determine the time-delay characteristics of straight-through adapter according to the error term of redundancy, and then determine and survey
Whole error terms in amount system, simplify calibration process, substantially similar to SOLT calibration process, but correctly carry out unknown straight-through
Calibration is equally existed some specifically limited and is required, specific as follows:
(a) requirements vector Network Analyzer must receive structure using bireflectance meter, i.e., each measurement port includes one
Independent measurement receiving channel and refer to receiving channel, and low cost vector network analyzer mostly use each port to have independence
Measurement receiving channel and all of the port shares the reception structure with reference to receiving channel, therefore bireflectance meter structure multiport vector
The receiving channel quantity approximation of Network Analyzer doubles, and complete machine higher cost is expensive.
(b) vector network analyzer needs to determine the transmission delay value of straight-through adapter by a self-calibration process,
Therefore the frequency interval setting measurement point is had certain limitations, the phase information of straight-through adapter cannot be lost, otherwise passed through
The delay value for the straight-through adapter that self-calibration process determines be it is wrong, so as to cause according to lead directly to adapter delay it is determining be
Error of uniting is wrong, therefore it is required that must measure points according to using the straight-through general transmission delay of adapter to assess when calibration
Setting it is whether reasonable, additional requirement is proposed to survey crew.
(c) also require that straight-through adapter is reciprocity, preceding reversed transmission characteristic answers completely the same, any practical spy
Property deviation will all generate remaining calibration error, influence measurement accuracy.
Multiport refers to the case where port number is more than or equal to 3, and the current non-intrusive calibration method of various multiports all exists
Various disadvantages, even at present using most common unknown thru calibration method also to the hardware configuration side of vector network analyzer
Case, measuring condition setting, the performance indicator of straight-through adapter and the specialized technical knowledge of survey crew have some particular/special requirements.
A specific implementation of above-mentioned unknown thru calibration is introduced with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The vector network analyzer that can carry out unknown thru calibration must have bireflectance meter to receive structure, and Fig. 1 is shown
The characteristics of a kind of two-port bireflectance meter receives the implementation of structure vector Network Analyzer, this vector network analyzer be
There is an independent measurement receiving channel in each port and with reference to receiving channel, the reception knot of multiport vector network analyzer
Structure is the repetitive extension that structure is received to two-port, i.e., if measurement port number N, receiving channel number is 2N, therefore this
Structure is also referred to as 2N and receives structure, and the error model of this structure vector Network Analyzer is as shown in Fig. 2, wherein ei 00It describes
Leakage errors of the port i reference channel to Measurement channel, ei 01Describe the frequency response error of port i receiving channel, ei 10It describes
The source output channel of port i and the frequency response deviation of reference channel, ei 11For the source matching error of port i, entering for port i is described
Penetrate signal aiIn the additional incoming signal as caused by source port mismatch size.
Shown in corresponding error correction formula such as equation (1):
S=D (I+E11D)-1 (1)
In formula (1), I is N rank unit matrix, and S is the N rank S parameter matrix of the measured piece by error correction, matrix D and E11
Specific value it is as follows:
In formula (2), Sijm(i=1:N, j=1:N) indicates the S parameter that directly measurement gained is unmodified, tijBy as follows
Equation determines:
tij=ei 01ej 10 (4)
ei 00(i=1:N), ei 11(i=1:N), tij(i=1:N, j=1:N) is to need to lead in error model shown in Fig. 2
The determining error term of calibration is crossed, for the vector network analyzer with N number of measurement port, it is thus necessary to determine that error term number be
N2+ 2N is described below and determines whole N above-mentioned by unknown thru calibration2The calibration process of+2N systematic errors, entirely
Calibration can be divided into reflection calibration and two steps of unknown thru calibration:
Step (1), carries out reflection calibration, is separately connected open device, short-circuiting device and load in each measurement port at this time, if
The true value of open device, short-circuiting device and load reflection coefficient is respectively as follows: Γo、Γs、Γl=0, the corresponding reflection mark of i connection in port
Quasi- measured value is respectively as follows: Γmoi、Γmsi、Γmli, it can determine that 3 reflection errors of port i are as follows:
ei 00=Γmli (5)
After all of the port carries out reflection calibration, it may be determined that the 3N item systematic error in error model.
Step (2), carries out unknown thru calibration, in a fixation measuring port i and other N-1 measurement port when calibration
Between be separately connected the unknown straight-through adapter of characteristic of a reciprocity and carry out thru calibration, it is assumed that between port i and port j into
The unknown thru calibration of row, it may be determined that two transmission error term t between two portsijAnd tjiIt is as follows:
In equation (8) and equation (9), there are two possible values for each error term, the two value amplitudes are equal, phase
180 ° of phase difference, but only one value is correct, it is also necessary to an additional step determines the correct value of error term.
In thru calibration, if the frequency interval of measurement point is arranged rationally, guarantee not losing straight-through adaptation when measurement
The phase information of device, calibration procedure can determine the group delay duration of straight-through adapter by an additional self-calibration process,
The correct value of error term in equation (8) and equation (9) can be determined further according to this group delay duration, in this way by carrying out straight-through school
It will definitely determine that totally 2 (N-1) items transmit error term between port i and other N-1 port.Other remaining (N-1) (N-2) item transmission miss
Difference is determined by equation (10)
So far, by carrying out reflection calibration and thru calibration, it is determined that when carrying out error correction it needs to be determined that whole N2+
2N systematic errors.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art there are the shortcomings that, led directly to the invention proposes a kind of completely new based on ideal zero
The non-intrusive calibration method of multiport, by connecting adapter in a port, that non-insertion thru calibration is configured to ideal zero is straight
Logical calibration, and by additionally increasing by zero thru calibration twice and the calibration of two secondary reflections, and use systematic error proposed by the present invention
Item extracting method, accurately extracts whole systematic errors, solves various multiport non-insertions calibrations used at present and exists
Many restrictions and deficiency.
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
It is a kind of based on ideal zero lead directly to multiport non-insertion accurate calibration method, each measurement port have one solely
Vertical measuring receiver, all of the port share a reference receiver, calibration method the following steps are included:
Step (1), carries out reflection calibration, determines source matching error ESi, directional error EDiWith reflection tracking error ERi
(wherein i=1:N) total 3N error term；
Step (2) carries out additional primary event calibration；
Step (3) carries out (N-1) secondary zero thru calibration between port i and other N-1 port, determines in addition to the i of port
(N-1) of (N-1) (N-2) item transmission tracking error and a port (N-1) between other a ports (N-1)2Item load matched is missed
Difference；
Step (4), then additional primary event calibration and twice thru calibration are carried out, when determining that port i is in reception state
2 (N-1) items pass between (N-1) item load matched error and port i and other N-1 port between other a ports (N-1)
Defeated tracking error.
Optionally, detailed process is as follows for the step (1):
It is separately connected three open device, short-circuiting device and load reflectance standards in each measurement port, it is the open device of connection, short
Road device and the known reflection coefficient of load are respectively as follows: Γo、Γs、Γl=0, certain Single port i connection reflectance standard in calibration process
Corresponding reflectance measurement is respectively as follows: Γ afterwardsmoi、Γmsi、Γmli, determine that port i reflection error item is respectively as follows:
EDi=Γmli (11)
Wherein, EDiFor the directional error of source port i, ERiFor the reflection tracking error of source port i, ESiFor source port i's
Source matching error；
It is reflected and is calibrated by n times, determine whole 3N item reflection errors.
Optionally, specific step is as follows for the step (2):
The connector yin-yang type that adapter changes calibration port i is led directly in calibration port i connection, is carried out on the i of port
Reflection calibration, according to equation (11), equation (12) and equation (13), determines EISi、EIDiAnd EIRiThree the intermediate of reflection error miss
Poor item.
Optionally, the step (3) specifically includes:
Thru calibration is carried out between port i and port k, solves following 4 systematic errors:
EITik=Sikm(1-EILikESk) (16)
EITki=Skim(1-EILkiEISi) (17)
In equation (14)~equation (17), ESk、EDkAnd ERkIt is determined at step (1), EISi、EIDiAnd EIRiIn step (2)
When determine, SijmIndicate the directly measurement resulting S parameter value without error correction when thru calibration, subscript i and j represent port
Number, m indicates measured value；Repeat N-1 thru calibration between port i and other N-1 measurement port, determines 4 (N-1) altogether
Item error；
Because port i is connected with adapter, 4 systems being determined above different with port status when actual measurement are calibrated
Error is also median error, and the process for obtaining the actual error in error model is as follows:
Corresponding error model when determining that other N-1 port is in reception state in addition to the i of port based on equation (15)
In (N-1)2Item load matched error:
ELkj|=EILki(k=1:N, j=1:N, i ≠ j, k ≠ i) (18)
E in equation (18)ILkiIt is true when carrying out zero thru calibration between all measurement ports and port i in step (3)
It is fixed, determine that other ports N-1 are in corresponding to reception state altogether (N-1) in addition to the i of port altogether by N-1 thru calibration2?
Load matched error；The median error item determined based on step (2) and step (3) is passed through using port i as middle transition port
Following calculating determination is total to (N-2) (N-1) item transmission tracking error in addition to the i of port between other N-1 port:
Optionally, specific step is as follows for the step (4):
The adapter for removing port i connection is connected to arbitrary port n in other N-1 port, and in port, n carries out reflection school
Standard determines the corresponding E of port n according to equation (11), equation (12) and equation (13)ISn、EIDnAnd EIRn3 intermediate reflection errors
, carry out thru calibration twice altogether between port n and port i and port n and any other port m, according to equation (14)~etc.
Formula (17), determines EILni、EILin、EILnm、EILmn4 load matched median error items and EITni、EITin、EITnm、EITmn4 transmission
Track median error item；
The load matched error of certain port is the intrinsic matching properties of the port, unrelated with source output terminal mouth, therefore is passed through
Thru calibration is carried out between port n and port i determines total N-1 load matched error when port i is in reception state:
ELij=EILin| (j=1:N, j ≠ i) (20)
Using port n as middle transition port, 2 transmission tracking errors between port i and port m are true by following equation
It is fixed:
Using port m as middle transition port, port i and in addition to the m of port between other N-2 port 2 (N-2) items transmission with
Track error is determined by following equation:
E in equation (23) and equation (24)TjmAnd ETmjIt is determined in step (3) by equation (19), and ETimWith
ETmiIt is determined in step (4) by equation (21) and equation (22).
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) calibration method of the invention for the hardware implementations of vector network analyzer without particular/special requirement, while by
In solving error model based on zero thru calibration standards with highest model accuracy, unknown thru calibration method is compared, can be mentioned
High non-insertion calibration and measurement accuracy.
(2) calibration method proposed by the present invention to the setting of measuring condition without particular/special requirement, therefore reduce to measurement people
The requirement of member, therefore calibration accuracy of the invention is higher, and has better universality.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the principle for the implementation that a kind of existing two-port bireflectance meter receives structure vector Network Analyzer
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the error model figure of structure vector Network Analyzer shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is that N+1 of the invention receives structure vector Network Analyzer schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that N+1 shown in Fig. 3 receives structure vector network analysis error model figure.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Calibration method of the invention is suitable for general N+1 structure vector Network Analyzer, this vector network analyzer
Scheme as shown in figure 3, each measurement port has an independent measuring receiver, all of the port shares one with reference to receiving
Machine, calibration method certainly of the invention are also applied for the vector network analyzer that special 2N shown in FIG. 1 receives structure.
N+1 with N number of measurement port receives the error model of structure vector Network Analyzer as shown in figure 4, its middle-end
Mouth i is in source output state, and it includes 2N+1 errors in model shown in Fig. 4, when not that other ports N-1, which are in reception state,
When same port is respectively at source output state, N number of error model similar with shown in Fig. 4 is shared, to vector network analyzer
Error existing for complete machine is modeled under not homologous output state, altogether includes 2N in all error models2+ N errors.
In error model shown in Fig. 4, EDiFor the directional error of source port i, which depict source port i reference channels
To the size of Measurement channel leakage errors signal；ERiFor the reflection tracking error of source port i, receives and lead to which depict source port i
The frequency response deviation in road and reference channel；EsiFor the source matching error of source port i, which depict the matching state of source output terminal mouth i,
Describe the practical incoming signal a of source output terminal mouth iiiIn, remove parametric excitation signal amiiOutside, as produced by source port mismatch
Additional incoming signal size；ELijThe load matched error of port i when being in excitation state for source port j is equal to aij/
bij, wherein aijThe incoming signal of its port i reality output, b when being in excitation state for vector network analyzer source port jijFor
The practical incoming signal of port i when vector network analyzer source port j is in excitation state；ETijIt describes when port j is in source
When output state, the frequency response deviation of receiving port i Measurement channel and source output terminal mouth j reference channel.
When measured piece is the N-port non-insertable devices with same type of ports connector, calibration proposed by the present invention
Method the following steps are included:
Step (1), carries out reflection calibration, determines source matching error ESi, directional error EDiWith reflection tracking error ERi
(wherein i=1:N) total 3N error term, detailed process is as follows:
It is separately connected three open device, short-circuiting device and load reflectance standards in each measurement port, if the open device of connection,
Short-circuiting device and the known reflection coefficient of load are respectively as follows: Γo、Γs、Γl=0, certain Single port i connection reflection mark in calibration process
Corresponding reflectance measurement is respectively as follows: Γ after standardmoi、Γmsi、Γmli, can determine that port i reflection error item is respectively as follows:
EDi=Γmli (11)
It is reflected and is calibrated by n times, can determine whole 3N item reflection errors.
Step (2) carries out additional primary event calibration, specifically:
The connector yin-yang type that adapter changes calibration port i is led directly in the i connection of certain calibration port, such as: if former
Carry out the connector of calibration port i for negative head, then it is on the contrary then connect negative/yin adapter in calibration port i connection sun/positive adapter.
Reflection calibration is carried out on the i of port, according to equation (11), equation (12) and equation (13), it may be determined that EISi、EIDiAnd EIRiThree
Reflection error.Because port i is connected with adapter at this time, calibration is different with the state of measurement, therefore this 3 errors are not to miss
Error term in differential mode type, but median error item.
Step (3) carries out (N-1) secondary zero thru calibration between the port i that step (2) is mentioned and other N-1 port, can
Determine (N-1) (N-2) item transmission tracking error between other a ports (N-1) in addition to the i of port and the (N- of a port (N-1)
1)2Item load matched error, the method is as follows:
Thru calibration is carried out between port i and port k, can solve following 4 systematic errors:
EITik=Sikm(1-EILikESk) (16)
EITki=Skim(1-EILkiEISi) (17)
In equation (14)~equation (17), ESk、EDkAnd ERkIt is determined at step (1), EISi、EIDiAnd EIRiIn step (2)
When determine, SijmIndicate the directly measurement resulting S parameter value without error correction when thru calibration, subscript i and j represent port
Number, m indicates measured value.Repeat N-1 thru calibration between port i and other N-1 measurement port, can determine 4 altogether
(N-1) item error.
Similarly, because port i is connected with adapter, the mistake that is determined above different with port status when actual measurement is calibrated
Difference is also median error, is not the actual error in error model shown in Fig. 4, it is also necessary on the basis of the above median error item
On carry out series of computation again and could obtain actual error in error model, process is as follows:
It is unrelated with source output terminal mouth because of the inherent characteristic that the load matched of port is receiving port, therefore it is based on equation
(15) it can determine that in addition to the i of port other N-1 port are in (N- in error model shown in Fig. 4 corresponding when reception state
1)2Item load matched error:
ELkj|=EILki(k=1:N, j=1:N, i ≠ j, k ≠ i) (18)
E in equation (18)ILkiIt is true when carrying out zero thru calibration between all measurement ports and port i in step (3)
It is fixed, therefore determine that other ports N-1 are in corresponding to reception state altogether (N-1) in addition to the i of port altogether by N-1 thru calibration2
Item load matched error.Led to based on the median error item that step (2) and step (3) determine using port i as middle transition port
Crossing following calculate can determine and be total to (N-2) (N-1) item transmission tracking error between other N-1 port in addition to the i of port:
Step (4), then additional primary event calibration and twice thru calibration are carried out, when determining that port i is in reception state
2 (N-1) items pass between (N-1) item load matched error and port i and other N-1 port between other a ports (N-1)
Defeated tracking error, the specific steps are as follows:
The adapter for removing port i connection is connected to arbitrary port n in other N-1 port, and in port, n carries out reflection school
Standard, according to equation (11), equation (12) and equation (13), it may be determined that the corresponding E of port nISn、EIDnAnd EIRn3 intermediate reflections miss
Poor item carries out thru calibration twice between port n and port i and port n and any other port m altogether, according to equation (14)~
Equation (17), it may be determined that EILni、EILin、EILnm、EILmn4 load matched median error items and EITni、EITin、EITnm、EITmn4
Transmission tracking median error item.
As described above, the load matched error of certain port is the intrinsic matching properties of the port, it is unrelated with source output terminal mouth,
Total N-1 load matched when therefore can determine that port i is in reception state by carrying out thru calibration between port n and port i
Error:
ELij=EILin| (j=1:N, j ≠ i) (20)
Using port n as middle transition port, 2 transmission tracking errors between port i and port m are true by following equation
It is fixed:
Using port m as middle transition port, port i and in addition to the m of port between other N-2 port 2 (N-2) items transmission with
Track error is determined by following equation:
E in equation (23) and equation (24)TjmAnd ETmjIt is true by equation (19) in the step of being introduced above (3)
It is fixed, and ETimAnd ETmiIt is determined in step (4) by equation (21) and equation (22).
Pass through 4 steps above, so that it may determine whole 2N in error model shown in Fig. 42+ N errors.
Calibration method proposed by the present invention for vector network analyzer hardware implementations without particular/special requirement, while by
In solving error model based on zero thru calibration standards with highest model accuracy, unknown thru calibration method is compared, can be mentioned
High non-insertion calibration and measurement accuracy.
Simultaneously calibration method proposed by the present invention to the setting of measuring condition without particular/special requirement, therefore reduce to measurement people
The requirement of member, therefore calibration accuracy of the invention is higher, and has better universality.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of multiport non-insertion accurate calibration method led directly to based on ideal zero, which is characterized in that each measurement port
Have an independent measuring receiver, all of the port shares a reference receiver, calibration method the following steps are included:
Step (1), carries out reflection calibration, determines source matching error ESi, directional error EDiWith reflection tracking error ERiIt is 3N total
Error term；
Step (2) carries out additional primary event calibration；
Step (3) carries out (N-1) secondary zero thru calibration between port i and other N-1 port, determines other in addition to the i of port
(N-1) (N-1) of (N-1) (N-2) item transmission tracking error between a port and a port (N-1)2Item load matched error；
Step (4), then carry out additional primary event calibration and twice thru calibration, determine when port i is in reception state and its
Between (N-1) item load matched error and port i and other N-1 port between his a port (N-1) 2 (N-1) items transmission with
Track error.
2. a kind of multiport non-insertion accurate calibration method led directly to based on ideal zero as described in claim 1, feature
It is, detailed process is as follows for the step (1):
Three open device, short-circuiting device and load reflectance standards, the open device of connection, short-circuiting device are separately connected in each measurement port
It is respectively as follows: Γ with the known reflection coefficient of loado、Γs、Γl, wherein Γl=0, certain Single port i connection reflection in calibration process
Corresponding reflectance measurement is respectively as follows: Γ after standardmoi、Γmsi、Γmli, determine that port i reflection error item is respectively as follows:
EDi=Γmli (11)
Wherein, EDiFor the directional error of source port i, ERiFor the reflection tracking error of source port i, ESiFor the source of source port i
With error；
It is reflected and is calibrated by n times, determine whole 3N item reflection errors.
3. a kind of multiport non-insertion accurate calibration method led directly to based on ideal zero as claimed in claim 2, feature
It is, specific step is as follows for the step (2):
The connector yin-yang type that adapter changes calibration port i is led directly in calibration port i connection, is reflected on the i of port
Calibration, according to equation (11), equation (12) and equation (13), determines EISi、EIDiAnd EIRiThe median error of three reflection errors
?.
4. a kind of multiport non-insertion accurate calibration method led directly to based on ideal zero as claimed in claim 3, feature
It is, the step (3) specifically includes:
Thru calibration is carried out between port i and port k, solves following 4 systematic errors:
EITik=Sikm(1-EILikESk) (16)
EITki=Skim(1-EILkiEISi) (17)
In equation (14)~equation (17), ESk、EDkAnd ERkIt is determined at step (1), EISi、EIDiAnd EIRiIt is true at step (2)
It is fixed, Skkm、Skim、Siim、SikmIndicate the directly measurement resulting S parameter value without error correction when thru calibration, subscript i and k
Port numbers are represented, m indicates measured value；Repeat N-1 thru calibration between port i and other N-1 measurement port, it is true altogether
Fixed 4 (N-1) item errors；
Because port i is connected with adapter, 4 systematic errors being determined above different with port status when actual measurement are calibrated
It is also median error, the process for obtaining the actual error in error model is as follows:
(N- in corresponding error model when determining that other N-1 port is in reception state in addition to the i of port based on equation (15)
1)2Item load matched error:
ELkj|=EILki(k=1:N, j=1:N, i ≠ j, k ≠ i) (18)
E in equation (18)ILkiIt determines, leads to when carrying out zero thru calibration between all measurement ports and port i in step (3)
It crosses N-1 thru calibration and determines that other ports N-1 are in corresponding to reception state altogether (N-1) in addition to the i of port altogether2Item load
With error；Based on the median error item that step (2) and step (3) determine, using port i as middle transition port, by counting as follows
It calculates determination and is total to (N-2) (N-1) item transmission tracking error between other N-1 port in addition to the i of port:
ΓIiFor the switch matching error item after port i connection adapter.
5. a kind of multiport non-insertion accurate calibration method led directly to based on ideal zero as claimed in claim 4, feature
It is, specific step is as follows for the step (4):
The adapter for removing port i connection is connected to arbitrary port n in other N-1 port, and in port, n carries out reflection calibration,
According to equation (11), equation (12) and equation (13), the corresponding E of port n is determinedISn、EIDnAnd EIRn3 intermediate reflection errors
, carry out thru calibration twice altogether between port n and port i and port n and any other port m, according to equation (14)~etc.
Formula (17), determines EILni、EILin、EILnm、EILmn4 load matched median error items and EITni、EITin、EITnm、EITmn4 biographies
Defeated tracking median error item；
The load matched error of certain port is the intrinsic matching properties of the port, unrelated with source output terminal mouth, therefore by holding
Thru calibration, which is carried out, between mouth n and port i determines total N-1 load matched error when port i is in reception state:
ELij=EILin| (j=1:N, j ≠ i) (20)
Using port n as middle transition port, 2 transmission tracking errors between port i and port m are determined by following equation:
ΓInFor the switch matching error item after port n connection adapter；
Using port m as middle transition port, port i and 2 (N-2) the items transmission tracking in addition to the m of port between other N-2 port are missed
Difference is determined by following equation:
ΓmThe switch matching error item for being port m under normal measuring state；
E in equation (23) and equation (24)TjmAnd ETmjIt is determined in step (3) by equation (19), and ETimAnd ETmi?
It is determined in step (4) by equation (21) and equation (22).
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| CN109254258B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-08-04 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | Complete calibration method for multi-port S parameter testing device |
| CN110286345B (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2020-06-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所 | Method, system and equipment for calibrating on-chip S parameters of vector network analyzer |
| CN111751627B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2022-11-29 | 浙江铖昌科技股份有限公司 | Self-calibration method of vector network analyzer based on ten-term error model |
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