CN107099757B - Zr-based amorphous alloy capable of being repeatedly smelted and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Zr-based amorphous alloy capable of being repeatedly smelted and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017767 Cu—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/10—Amorphous alloys with molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, titanium, or zirconium or Hf as the major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/11—Making amorphous alloys
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种可重复熔炼的Zr基非晶合金,具体提供一种成本低且具有较高非晶形成能力的非晶合金及其制备方法。The invention relates to a Zr-based amorphous alloy that can be repeatedly smelted, and specifically provides an amorphous alloy with low cost and high amorphous forming ability and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
非晶合金即金属玻璃,其原子排列呈现短程有序、长程无序的状态,是一种亚稳态结构,并在一定温度范围保持这种状态相对稳定。非晶合金被称为“21世纪的新材料”,不仅具有极高的强度、韧性、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,而且还表现出优良的软磁性能,在电子、机械以及军工等领域得到了广泛的应用。Amorphous alloys are metallic glasses, whose atomic arrangement presents a state of short-range order and long-range disorder. It is a metastable structure and maintains this state relatively stable in a certain temperature range. Amorphous alloys are called "new materials in the 21st century". They not only have extremely high strength, toughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, but also exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties. They have been widely used in the fields of electronics, machinery and military industry. a wide range of applications.
Zr基非晶合金具有高强度、高硬度及高断裂韧性的特点,因而备受人们的关注。但是,Zr基非晶合金在工业中的应用仍受到几个因素的制约:首先,目前Zr基非晶合金对于原材料纯度的要求很高,这造成了其工业生产成本较高;其次,非晶合金的制备工艺过程中对真空度的要求高,生产条件苛刻;最后,Zr基非晶合金重复浇铸性差,重熔后非晶形成能力及机械性能大幅度下降,这一方面也增加了Zr基非晶合金的生产成本。Zr-based amorphous alloys have the characteristics of high strength, high hardness and high fracture toughness, so they have attracted people's attention. However, the application of Zr-based amorphous alloys in industry is still restricted by several factors: first, the current Zr-based amorphous alloys have high requirements for the purity of raw materials, which results in high industrial production costs; secondly, amorphous In the process of alloy preparation process, the requirements for vacuum degree are high, and the production conditions are harsh; finally, Zr-based amorphous alloy has poor recastability, and the amorphous formation ability and mechanical properties after remelting are greatly reduced. This aspect also increases the Zr-based amorphous alloy. Production costs of amorphous alloys.
针对以上问题,本发明提供了一种分子式为(ZraCubAlcTidAge)100-xOx的非晶合金及其制备方法,其中a、b、c、d、e、x为原子百分比。此非晶合金在Zr-Cu-Al系非晶合金的基础上引入了Ti及Ag元素,这两种元素的添加不仅改善了合金体系的力学性能,同时也提高了非晶合金的重熔能力。更重要的是,该非晶合金可采用低成本的工业级原料制备且制备工艺相对简单。因此,该Zr基非晶合金大规模工业化应用的前景十分广阔。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an amorphous alloy with a molecular formula of (Zr a Cub Al c Ti d Age ) 100-x O x and a preparation method thereof, wherein a, b, c, d, e , x is an atomic percentage. This amorphous alloy introduces Ti and Ag elements on the basis of the Zr-Cu-Al series amorphous alloy. The addition of these two elements not only improves the mechanical properties of the alloy system, but also improves the remelting ability of the amorphous alloy. . More importantly, the amorphous alloy can be prepared from low-cost industrial-grade raw materials and the preparation process is relatively simple. Therefore, the prospect of large-scale industrial application of the Zr-based amorphous alloy is very broad.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种Zr基非晶合金及其制备方法,其优势在于:一方面,此种非晶合金采用工业级纯度的金属Zr,成本较低;另一方面,这种非晶合金具有良好的形成能力,且在低真空下可使用废料进行重复浇铸,重复浇铸后非晶形成能力不下降。The invention provides a Zr-based amorphous alloy and a preparation method thereof, which have the advantages that: on the one hand, this amorphous alloy adopts metal Zr with industrial grade purity, and the cost is relatively low; on the other hand, this amorphous alloy has Good forming ability, and the waste material can be used for repeated casting under low vacuum, and the amorphous forming ability does not decrease after repeated casting.
一种Zr基非晶合金,该合金的组成为:(ZraCubAlcTidAge)100-xOx,a、b、c、d、e、x为原子百分比,其中:47≤a≤70,20≤b≤41,3≤c≤24,1≤d≤5,0≤e≤5,500ppm≤x≤5000ppm。以合金总体积为准,该Zr基非晶合金在浇铸成为直径大于等于6mm、长度为60mm的棒状样品时,其非晶含量为30%至99%。A Zr-based amorphous alloy, the composition of the alloy is: (Zr a Cu b Al c Ti d Ag e ) 100-x O x , a, b, c, d, e, x are atomic percentages, wherein: 47 ≤a≤70, 20≤b≤41, 3≤c≤24, 1≤d≤5, 0≤e≤5, 500ppm≤x≤5000ppm. Based on the total volume of the alloy, the Zr-based amorphous alloy has an amorphous content of 30% to 99% when it is cast into a rod-shaped sample with a diameter greater than or equal to 6 mm and a length of 60 mm.
本发明所述Zr基非晶合金,其特征在于:a、b、c、d、e、x(原子百分比)的取值范围优选值为:52≤a≤65,23≤b≤37,6≤c≤20,1≤d≤5,e=0,500ppm≤x≤4000ppm。此时该Zr基非晶合金在浇铸成为直径大于等于6mm、长度为60mm的棒状样品时,其非晶含量大于50%。The Zr-based amorphous alloy of the present invention is characterized in that: the preferred value ranges of a, b, c, d, e, x (atomic percentage) are: 52≤a≤65, 23≤b≤37,6 ≤c≤20, 1≤d≤5, e=0, 500ppm≤x≤4000ppm. At this time, when the Zr-based amorphous alloy is cast into a rod-shaped sample with a diameter greater than or equal to 6 mm and a length of 60 mm, its amorphous content is greater than 50%.
本发明所述Zr基非晶合金,其特征在于:a、b、c、d、e、x(原子百分比)的取值范围优选值为:57≤a+d≤69,21≤b≤32,8≤c≤20,1≤e≤3,500ppm≤x≤4000ppm。此时该Zr基非晶合金在浇铸成为直径大于等于6mm、长度为60mm的棒状样品时,其非晶含量大于70%。The Zr-based amorphous alloy of the present invention is characterized in that: the preferred value ranges of a, b, c, d, e, x (atomic percentage) are: 57≤a+d≤69, 21≤b≤32 , 8≤c≤20, 1≤e≤3, 500ppm≤x≤4000ppm. At this time, when the Zr-based amorphous alloy is cast into a rod-shaped sample with a diameter greater than or equal to 6 mm and a length of 60 mm, its amorphous content is greater than 70%.
本发明还提供了所述Zr基非晶合金的制备方法,其特征在于:首先,按照非晶合金的原子百分比称取各组分进行配置;然后,在保护气体气氛下通过电弧熔炼的方法制备所需成分的母合金锭,合金的熔炼温度为1000-2000℃,熔炼时间大于30秒,反复熔炼大于4次;最后,通过铜模浇铸的方法获得所述非晶合金。The present invention also provides a method for preparing the Zr-based amorphous alloy, which is characterized in that: firstly, each component is weighed according to the atomic percentage of the amorphous alloy for configuration; then, prepared by arc melting under a protective gas atmosphere For the master alloy ingot with the required composition, the melting temperature of the alloy is 1000-2000°C, the melting time is more than 30 seconds, and the melting is repeated more than 4 times; finally, the amorphous alloy is obtained by copper mold casting.
本发明所述的Zr基非晶合金制备方法,其特征在于:制备非晶合金的原料纯度>97%即可,采用工业级金属Zr,其氧含量要求为不高于2at.%;另外,该非晶合金易于制作,对真空条件的要求不高,一般情况下保持在真空度为0.1-1000帕即可,熔炼保护气体为惰性气体,合金熔炼后冷却至非晶态,冷却速度优选大于10K/s。在同时满足低成本及低真空度的条件下,该非晶合金仍具有良好的形成能力及机械性能,并且加入废料重复浇铸10次后,其非晶形成能力及机械性能并无明显降低,易于实现工业化生产,应用前景广阔。The preparation method of the Zr-based amorphous alloy according to the present invention is characterized in that: the purity of the raw material for the preparation of the amorphous alloy is >97%, and the industrial grade metal Zr is used, and the oxygen content thereof is required to be no higher than 2 at.%; in addition, The amorphous alloy is easy to manufacture and does not require high vacuum conditions. Generally, it can be kept at a vacuum degree of 0.1-1000 Pa. The melting protective gas is an inert gas. After the alloy is smelted, it is cooled to an amorphous state. The cooling rate is preferably greater than 10K/s. Under the conditions of low cost and low vacuum degree, the amorphous alloy still has good forming ability and mechanical properties, and after repeated casting 10 times with waste materials, its amorphous forming ability and mechanical properties are not significantly reduced, and it is easy to Industrialized production is realized, and the application prospect is broad.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下实例所用原料纯度>97%,氧含量<2at.%,氩气纯度>97%。The purity of raw materials used in the following examples is >97%, the oxygen content is <2 at.%, and the purity of argon gas is >97%.
实施例1Example 1
成分:(Zr51Al4Cu41Ti4)99.8O0.2 Composition: (Zr 51 Al 4 Cu 41 Ti 4 ) 99.8 O 0.2
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至0.1帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为2000℃,反复熔炼4次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为60%。According to the atomic percentage of the composition, each raw material is weighed and prepared, and the vacuum is pumped to 0.1 Pa; then the raw material is smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 2000 ° C, and the smelting is repeated 4 times; finally, the melt is cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 60%.
实施例2Example 2
成分:(Zr60.76Al4.9Cu29.4Ti2.94Ag2)99.7O0.3 Composition: (Zr 60.76 Al 4.9 Cu 29.4 Ti 2.94 Ag 2 ) 99.7 O 0.3
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至5帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为2000℃,反复熔炼4次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为50%。According to the atomic percentage of the composition, each raw material is weighed and prepared, and the vacuum is pumped to 5 Pa; then the raw material is smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 2000 ° C, and the smelting is repeated 4 times; finally, the melt is cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 50%.
实施例3Example 3
成分:(Zr66.5Al3.8Cu19.95Ti4.75Ag5)99.9O0.1 Composition: (Zr 66.5 Al 3.8 Cu 19.95 Ti 4.75 Ag 5 ) 99.9 O 0.1
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至0.1帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为1800℃,反复熔炼4次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为30%。Weigh each raw material according to the atomic percentage of the composition and prepare it, vacuumize it to 0.1 Pa; then melt the raw material under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 1800°C and repeat the melting 4 times; finally cast the melt into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 30%.
实施例4Example 4
成分:(Zr54.32Al5.82Cu34.92Ti1.94Ag3)99.6O0.4 Composition: (Zr 54.32 Al 5.82 Cu 34.92 Ti 1.94 Ag 3 ) 99.6 O 0.4
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至5帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为2000℃,反复熔炼6次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为70%。According to the atomic percentage of the ingredients, each raw material was weighed and prepared, and vacuum pumped to 5 Pa; then the raw material was smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 2000°C, and the melting temperature was repeated 6 times; finally, the melt was cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 70%.
实施例5Example 5
成分:(Zr62.7Al5.7Cu21.85Ti4.75Ag5)99.9O0.1 Composition: (Zr 62.7 Al 5.7 Cu 21.85 Ti 4.75 Ag 5 ) 99.9 O 0.1
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至0.1帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为2000℃,反复熔炼6次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为50%。According to the atomic percentage of the composition, each raw material is weighed and prepared, and vacuum pumped to 0.1 Pa; then the raw material is smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 2000°C, and the smelting is repeated 6 times; finally, the melt is cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 50%.
实施例6Example 6
成分:(Zr53.76Al8.64Cu30.72Ti2.88Ag4)99.9O0.1 Composition: (Zr 53.76 Al 8.64 Cu 30.72 Ti 2.88 Ag 4 ) 99.9 O 0.1
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至10帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为1800℃,反复熔炼4次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为90%。According to the atomic percentage of the composition, each raw material was weighed and prepared, and vacuum pumped to 10 Pa; then the raw material was smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 1800°C, and the smelting was repeated 4 times; finally, the melt was cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 90%.
实施例7Example 7
成分:(Zr47Al3.8Cu39.2Ti5Ag5)99.55O0.45 Composition: (Zr 47 Al 3.8 Cu 39.2 Ti 5 Ag 5 ) 99.55 O 0.45
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至10帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为2000℃,反复熔炼4次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为70%。According to the atomic percentage of the ingredients, each raw material was weighed and prepared, and the vacuum was pumped to 10 Pa; then the raw material was smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 2000°C, and the smelting was repeated 4 times; finally, the melt was cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 70%.
实施例8Example 8
成分:(Zr51.84Al13.44Cu26.88Ti3.84Ag4)99.6O0.4 Composition: (Zr 51.84 Al 13.44 Cu 26.88 Ti 3.84 Ag 4 ) 99.6 O 0.4
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至0.1帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为1900℃,反复熔炼4次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为80%。According to the atomic percentage of the composition, each raw material was weighed and prepared, and the vacuum was pumped to 0.1 Pa; then the raw material was smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 1900°C, and the smelting was repeated 4 times; finally, the melt was cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 80%.
实施例9Example 9
成分:(Zr61.38Al11.88Cu23.76Ti1.98Ag1)99.8O0.2 Composition: (Zr 61.38 Al 11.88 Cu 23.76 Ti 1.98 Ag 1 ) 99.8 O 0.2
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至10帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为2000℃,反复熔炼5次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为99%。另外,此样品重复5次加入废料熔炼后,其非晶的体积百分数仍大于95%。According to the atomic percentage of the composition, each raw material is weighed and prepared, and the vacuum is pumped to 10 Pa; then the raw material is smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 2000 ° C, and the smelting is repeated 5 times; finally, the melt is cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 99%. In addition, after 5 repeated smelting of this sample with waste materials, its volume percentage of amorphous is still greater than 95%.
实施例10Example 10
成分:(Zr56.43Al17.82Cu22.77Ti1.98Ag1)99.7O0.3 Composition: (Zr 56.43 Al 17.82 Cu 22.77 Ti 1.98 Ag 1 ) 99.7 O 0.3
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至50帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为2000℃,反复熔炼4次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ8×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为60%。According to the atomic percentage of the ingredients, each raw material was weighed and prepared, and vacuum pumped to 50 Pa; then the raw material was smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 2000°C, and the smelting was repeated 4 times; finally, the melt was cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ8×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 60%.
实施例11Example 11
成分:(Zr70Al4Cu21Ti5)99.7O0.3 Composition: (Zr 70 Al 4 Cu 21 Ti 5 ) 99.7 O 0.3
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至0.1帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为2000℃,反复熔炼4次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为30%。According to the atomic percentage of the composition, each raw material is weighed and prepared, and the vacuum is pumped to 0.1 Pa; then the raw material is smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 2000 ° C, and the smelting is repeated 4 times; finally, the melt is cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 30%.
实施例12Example 12
成分:(Zr58Al16Cu24Ti2)99.8O0.2 Composition: (Zr 58 Al 16 Cu 24 Ti 2 ) 99.8 O 0.2
按照成分的原子百分比称取各原料进行配置,真空抽至5帕;然后在氩气气氛下熔炼原料,熔炼温度为2000℃,反复熔炼5次;最后将熔体浇铸进入模具中,获得尺寸为Φ6×60mm的棒状样品,其非晶占体积百分数为90%。另外,此样品重复10次加入废料熔炼后,其非晶的体积百分数仍大于85%。According to the atomic percentage of the ingredients, each raw material was weighed and prepared, and vacuum pumped to 5 Pa; then the raw material was smelted under an argon atmosphere at a melting temperature of 2000°C, and smelted repeatedly for 5 times; finally, the melt was cast into a mold to obtain a size of For a rod-shaped sample of Φ6×60mm, the volume percentage of amorphous is 90%. In addition, after 10 repetitions of smelting with scrap, the amorphous volume percentage of this sample is still greater than 85%.
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only to illustrate the technical conception and characteristics of the present invention. The purpose is that those familiar with this technology can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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