CN107094441B

CN107094441B - Full-cycle threshing and separating device of combine harvester

Info

Publication number: CN107094441B
Application number: CN201710402466.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 金诚谦; 倪有亮; 陈满; 徐金山; 钱震杰; 王昕�; 刘基
Original assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2017-06-01
Filing date: 2017-06-01
Publication date: 2023-05-16
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-01
Also published as: CN107094441A

Abstract

The invention relates to a full-cycle threshing and separating device of a combine harvester, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural harvesting machinery. The device comprises a threshing cylinder positioned in an upper concave plate sieve and a lower concave plate sieve which are combined, wherein the upper concave plate sieve consists of an arc sieve plate with sieve lattice holes and a spiral guide plate fixed in the sieve plate, the lower concave plate sieve consists of arc plates which are axially and alternately distributed, arc screen bars which are alternately distributed between adjacent arc plates and a transverse plate which is fixedly connected with the arc plates and the arc screen bars and is axially and alternately distributed, and two ends of the lower concave plate sieve are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet; the threshing cylinder comprises a rotary driving shaft, the driving shaft is fixedly connected with a group of shaft tubes which are distributed on the outer circumference of the disc at intervals through the disc, the shaft tubes are fixedly connected with a rasp bar on the outer side through axially spaced spike teeth, and the rasp bar is distributed on the outer surface of the rasp bar at intervals in the spiral direction. During harvesting operation, the threshing cylinder performs threshing at 360 degrees in a whole circumference, so that the threshing capacity of the harvester is effectively improved, and the operation energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Full-cycle threshing and separating device of combine harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to a combine harvester, in particular to a full-cycle threshing and separating device of the combine harvester, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural harvesting machinery.

Background

For a long time, the threshing angle of the combine harvester is always between 200 degrees and 270 degrees, and the threshing efficiency of the traditional harvester is lower because only grain separation function exists between the upper end of the threshing cylinder and the cover plate and no threshing operation exists. With the large-scale development of the combine harvester, the feeding quantity of the combine harvester is larger and larger, and the threshing and separating operation efficiency of the combine harvester is required to be improved as much as possible.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at: the full-cycle threshing and separating device of the combine harvester can threshing at 360 degrees, so that the threshing and separating operation efficiency of the harvester is fully exerted, and the requirement of large-scale development of the combine harvester is met.

In order to achieve the aim, the basic technical scheme of the full-cycle threshing and separating device of the combine harvester is as follows: the threshing cylinder comprises a threshing cylinder which is positioned in a pair of upper concave plate sieves and a lower concave plate sieves, wherein each upper concave plate sieve consists of an arc sieve plate with sieve lattice holes and a spiral guide plate fixed in the sieve plate, each lower concave plate sieve consists of arc plates which are axially and alternately distributed, arc screen bars which are alternately distributed between adjacent arc plates and transverse plates which are fixedly connected with the arc plates and the arc screen bars and are circumferentially and alternately distributed and axially extended, and two ends of each lower concave plate sieve are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet; the threshing cylinder comprises a rotary driving shaft, the driving shaft is fixedly connected with a group of shaft tubes which are distributed on the outer circumference of the disc at intervals through the disc, the shaft tubes are fixedly connected with a rasp bar on the outer side through spike teeth which are distributed at intervals in the axial direction, and the rasp bar is distributed on the outer surface of the rasp bar at intervals in the spiral direction.

During harvesting operation, the grain inlet enters the threshing cylinder for threshing, the threshed grain seeds are separated by the upper concave plate sieve and the lower concave plate sieve respectively, and the straw and the unreleased grain seeds move to the outlet under the guidance of the guide plate and enter a subsequent system for treatment. Because the upper concave plate sieve and the lower concave plate sieve with the involution structure are adopted, the upper concave plate sieve, the lower concave plate sieve and the threshing cylinder form a system which can be used for threshing and separating all 360 degrees in the whole circumference, so that the threshing cylinder can threshing all 360 degrees in the threshing and separating operation process, and the threshing capacity of the harvester is effectively improved; and the guide plate in the upper concave plate sieve has the functions of threshing and grain guiding separation, so that grains smoothly flow to the outlet, the operation energy consumption is effectively reduced, and the threshing and separating operation efficiency of the harvester is further improved.

In a further refinement of the invention, the thread bars are formed by tangential surfaces and inner extension surfaces, and the thread bars are located on the tangential surfaces. The grain ribs are positioned on the tangential plane, so that threshing efficiency and threshing rate can be effectively improved.

The invention is further perfected that the tangential plane of the rasp bar forms an included angle of 100-120 degrees with the inner extension plane. In the threshing process, when the grain straw passes through the surface of the rasp bar, a certain guiding effect can be achieved, and the grain straw of which the rasp bar surface is subjected to threshing operation is guided out along the direction from the inlet to the outlet of the threshing cylinder.

The invention is further perfected that the vein ribs are distributed on the outer surface of the vein rod at intervals in the same spiral direction as the spiral guide plate. Therefore, the straw flow guiding function can be further achieved, the working efficiency of the whole threshing device is improved, and the feeding quantity of the harvester is effectively increased.

The invention is further perfected in that the outlet consists of a grid bottom plate and outlet side plates at two sides of the grid bottom plate; the inlet consists of a hollowed-out bottom plate and inlet side plates at two sides of the hollowed-out bottom plate. The inlet and outlet straws are limited by the inlet side plates at two sides, so that the threshing efficiency of the straws entering and exiting is improved; the hollowed-out bottom plate is beneficial to screening out grains which are removed and mixed in the straw.

The invention is further perfected that the outer side of the hollowed-out bottom plate is in a grid shape, and the inner side of the hollowed-out bottom plate is in a sieve shape. The design of this structure considers that the cereal that takes off often is "lying" by the outside, is "standing" form by the inboard, and the grid is liable to "lying" cereal and is leaked out, and the sieve mesh is liable to "standing" cereal and is leaked out.

Drawings

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper concave screen in the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the concave screen in the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the threshing cylinder in the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the threshing cylinder in the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a side view of fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the inlet device of the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the outlet device of the embodiment of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The basic structure of the whole-cycle threshing and separating device of the combine harvester of the embodiment is shown in figure 1, and comprises a threshing cylinder 4 positioned in a pair of upper concave plate screens 3 and a lower concave plate screen 2, wherein both ends of the lower concave plate screen 2 are respectively provided with an inlet 1 and an outlet 5. The upper concave plate screen 3 has a specific structure shown in figure 2 and consists of an arc screen plate 3-1 with screen lattice holes and spiral guide plates 3-2 which are fixed in the screen plate 3-1 and distributed at intervals. The concave plate screen 2 is shown in fig. 3, and consists of axially spaced arc plates 2-1 and 2-2, arc screen bars 2-3 spaced between adjacent arc plates and circumferentially spaced axially extending transverse plates 2-4 fixedly connected with the arc plates and the arc screen bars 2-3 to form screen grid holes. Notches for installing the inlet 1 and the outlet 5 are respectively reserved at two ends of the concave plate screen 2.

As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the threshing cylinder 4 comprises a rotary driving shaft 4-5 supported on a bearing seat 4-7, and the rotary driving shaft 4-5 and the bearing seat 4-7 are axially positioned through a shaft sleeve 4-6. One end of the rotary driving shaft 4-5 is provided with a chain wheel 4-1 and is fixedly connected with a group of six shaft tubes 4-4 which are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the disc 4-9 at intervals through discs 4-9 at two ends, each shaft tube 4-6 is fixedly connected with a tattooing rod 4-2 which is provided with tattooing ribs 4-11 on the outer side through radially extending spike teeth 4-3 which are axially and alternately distributed, the tattooing rod 4-2 consists of a tangential surface 4-T and an inner extension surface 4-D which forms an angle of about 110 degrees with the tangential surface, the tattooing ribs 4-11 are positioned on the tangential surface 4-T and are alternately distributed on the outer surface of the tattooing rod 4-2 in the same spiral direction as the spiral guide plate 3-2.

The outlet is composed of a grille bottom plate 5-2 and outlet side plates 5-1 on both sides thereof as shown in fig. 7. The inlet is shown in figure 8 and consists of a hollowed-out bottom plate 1-2 and inlet side plates 1-1 on two sides of the hollowed-out bottom plate. The outer side of the hollowed-out bottom plate 1-2 (namely, the side close to the end part of the threshing cylinder) is in a grid shape, and the inner side is in a sieve mesh shape. The grid interval or the sieve pore diameter is smaller than the grain minimum particle diameter, so that the sieve has the soil sieving function and can reduce the impurity content of the harvested grains.

During operation of the combine harvester, grains are conveyed to the whole-cycle threshing and separating device of the embodiment through the conveying mechanism, enter the threshing cylinder 4 from the inlet 1 for threshing and separating operation, in the operation process, the grains which are shed are separated by the upper concave plate sieve 3 and the lower concave plate sieve 2 respectively, and the grains straw and the grains which are not shed are guided by the guide plate 3-2 to move from left to right from the inlet mechanism 1 to the outlet 5 and enter the cleaning system of the harvester from the outlet 5. In the threshing and separating operation process, the concave plate sieve covered in the 360-degree range of the whole circumference of the threshing cylinder 4 comprises an upper concave plate sieve 2 and a lower concave plate sieve 3, and in the threshing and separating operation process, the threshing cylinder 4 can perform 360-degree whole-circumference threshing operation, so that the threshing and separating capacity of the combine harvester is effectively improved. In addition, in the threshing and separating operation process of the grains, the straw and the unhairing seeds can flow forward under the action of the guide plate, and the threshing and separating function is further realized while the guiding action of the upper cover plate of the threshing cylinder of the traditional harvester is finished.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a combine whole circumference threshing separation device, includes threshing cylinder (4) that are arranged in on-pair concave plate sieve (3) and concave plate sieve (2), on concave plate sieve by have sieve grid hole circular arc sieve (3-1) and fix spiral deflector (3-2) in the sieve, concave plate sieve is by axial interval distribution's circular arc board (2-1, 2-2), interval distribution between adjacent circular arc board circular arc screen bar (2-3) and with circular arc board and circular arc screen bar circumference interval distribution axial extension's diaphragm (2-4) that links firmly, concave plate sieve's both ends have import (1) and export (5) respectively down; the threshing cylinder comprises a rotary driving shaft (4-5), the driving shaft is fixedly connected with a group of shaft tubes (4-4) which are distributed at intervals on the outer circumference of the disc through the disc (4-9), the shaft tubes are fixedly connected with a rasp bar (4-2) with a rasp bar on the outer side through axially and alternately distributed spike teeth (4-3), and the rasp bar is distributed on the outer surface of the rasp bar at intervals in a spiral direction; the tattooing bar is composed of a tangential plane and an inward extending plane, and the tattooing ribs are located on the tangential plane.

2. The combine whole-cycle threshing and separating device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the tangential plane of the rasp bar forms an included angle of 100-120 degrees with the inner extension plane.

3. The combine whole-cycle threshing and separating device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the vein ribs are distributed on the outer surface of the vein rod at intervals in the same spiral direction as the spiral guide plate.

4. A combine harvester whole cycle threshing and separating device as in claim 3, wherein: the outlet consists of a grid bottom plate and outlet side plates at two sides of the grid bottom plate; the inlet consists of a hollowed-out bottom plate and inlet side plates at two sides of the hollowed-out bottom plate.

5. The combine whole-cycle threshing and separating device as recited in claim 4, wherein: the outer side of the hollowed-out bottom plate is in a grid shape, and the inner side of the hollowed-out bottom plate is in a sieve mesh shape.