CN107088109A - 腹股沟疝内环封口补片及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域，涉及腹股沟疝内环封口补片，为圆形的良好预设外形记忆功能的弹性网架的正面设置有一层不粘连膜、背面设置有一层粘连膜、中部连接有微型的圆柱体，圆柱体的一端伸出粘连膜外并在其端面上设置有盲孔，圆柱体外壁处的弹性网架上连接有人体可吸收的固定线，所述的弹性网架是弹性可折叠的镍钛合金网支架，所述的不粘连膜是再生氧化纤维素膜或聚四氟乙烯膜，所述的粘连膜是聚丙烯网膜，利用介入管和释放杆将腹股沟疝内环封口补片释放在腹股沟疝内环封口上并固定，完成微创化封堵修补，能在局部麻醉下进行，操作难度低，减轻疼痛及并发症，缩短住院时间，适用于对腹股沟疝内环封口及补片修复，同时也适用于所有腹壁疝的补片修复。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域，特指一种腹股沟疝内环封口补片及其使用方法。
背景技术
现代腹股沟疝外科修补可分为两个历史阶段：腹股沟管前壁重建时期和腹股沟管后壁重建时期。腹股沟管前壁重建的复发率高达30％以上，疗效有限。因此，1881年Championniere首次提出应当切开腹肌腱膜在腹股沟管内环高位结扎疝囊，标志着腹股沟疝修补术进入了腹股沟管后壁重建时期。1889年Bassini首次提出通过将腹内斜肌、腹横肌和腹横筋膜间断缝合到腹股沟韧带以加强腹股沟管后壁，同时代还有Halsted修补术，将腹内斜肌、腹横肌和腹横筋膜间断缝合到腹股沟韧带以加强腹股沟管后壁的同时，还将上、下二叶腹外斜肌腱膜于精索下面作间断缝合，将精索置于腹外斜肌腱膜和皮下脂肪之间以加强腹股沟管后壁。其后出现了诸多加强腹股沟管后壁的改良术式，其中比较著名的是Lotheissen和Mcvay提出的将腹内斜肌和腹横肌缝合到Cooper韧带。
随着异体材料的发展，以移植生物合成材料加强腹股沟管后壁的无张力疝修补术在腹股沟疝治疗中占据了主导地位。Liehtenstein于1989年提出的平片无张力疝修补术，是目前腹股沟疝手术治疗的金标准。此外，还有疝环充填式无张力疝修补术(Rutkow手术)、Stoppa手术和Kugel手术等。
1982年RalphGer在偶然条件下尝试用腹腔镜治疗腹股沟疝，进行了临床试验研究并加以完善。1991年，Arregui和Dulucq分别提出了经腹腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominalpreperitonealrepair，TAPP)。1993年，Philtips、Mekeman提出全腹膜外疝修补术(totalyextraperitonealrepair，TEP)。目前，腹股沟疝修补术式有很多，但各有优缺点。
腹股沟疝修补术是普外科最古老和常见的术式之一。Bassini等高张力组织修补术因复发率、内脏并发症和严重神经性疼痛发生率较高而逐渐被淘汰，Shouldice等低张力组织修补术可作为某些情况下的备选，而无张力的补片修补已成为主流。补片的应用极大地降低了复发率，现慢性疼痛发生率已取代复发率成为评价疝修补术优劣的主要指标。同时，补片的发展及固定方式的改进也为减少慢性疼痛的发生起到了积极的作用。
开放性腹膜前补片修补术适用于复杂的多次复发疝和心肺功能不全病人；腹腔镜疝修补术花费高，手术时间长，对医生的技术和经验要求很高，有研究发现经腹腔镜疝修补术的内脏损伤、深部感染、深部出血的发生率较高，所以随着器械和设备的发展及医生腹腔镜技术的提高，经腹腔镜疝修补术将不断完善。
虽然目前开放性补片修补术在腹股沟疝的治疗中占据主导地位，但是选择何种方式及术式应该根据病人的具体情况制定个体化方案。其如何选择受很多因素影响，如社会经济因素、病人支付能力、病人一般状态、疝的类型、医疗卫生水平、医生经验等，且不同国家之间存在很大的差异。
中华医学会外科学分会疝和腹壁外科学组与中国医师协会外科医师分会疝和腹壁外科医师委员会于2014年制定了成人腹股沟疝的治疗指南，该指南对疝的适应证、疝的类型与手术方式等有关腹股沟疝治疗的诸多问题进行了讨论并作出推荐。其中，与手术方式选择相关的原则如下：(1)补片修补的长期临床效果更好，成年病人(18～21岁有争议)应该用补片，对于未满18岁的病人，如果缺损较大，多次复发，组织薄弱也应该用补片。合成补片优于生物补片。(2)对有症状疝都应该手术治疗；对无症状疝推荐手术，因为大多数无症状疝终将发展到被迫需要手术的状况。
综上所述，腹股沟疝修补术经历了一系列的历史演变，发展至今，主要有3种手术方法，即传统疝修补术、无张力疝修补术和经腹腔镜疝修补术。但目前各种术式均存在弊端，传统疝修补术术后复发率及术后疼痛，局部血肿发生率高；而无张力疝修补术使腹股沟疝复发率由原来的10％-20％下降至l％-4％；但术后慢性疼痛成为另一个巨大的挑战，有研究表明腹股沟术区皮肤感觉异常高达14％。腹腔镜手术术后远期疼痛率低，对活动的限制更少，但其缺点是全身麻醉、病人的生理干扰大，手术花费高，手术时间长，对医生的技术和经验要求较高，有研究发现经腹腔镜疝修补术的内脏损伤、深部感染、深部出血的发生率较高，因此我们在寻求新的途径及方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种腹股沟疝内环封口补片及其使用方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
腹股沟疝内环封口补片，为圆形的外径为5-10cm且具有良好预设外形记忆功能的弹性网架，弹性网架的正面设置有一层与肠管类脏器不粘连的不粘连膜、背面设置有一层能与腹膜粘连的粘连膜、中部连接有微型的圆柱体，圆柱体的一端伸出粘连膜外，并在其端面上设置有盲孔，圆柱体外壁处的弹性网架上连接有人体可吸收的固定线，此固定线能沿介入管隧道挂伸至体外，供打结固定用，所述的弹性网架是弹性可折叠的镍钛合金网支架，所述的不粘连膜是再生氧化纤维素膜或聚四氟乙烯膜，所述的粘连膜是聚丙烯网膜。
上述的弹性网架、不粘连膜、粘连膜的厚度均是0.05-0.2mm。
上述的弹性网架的网孔内及上下表面上设置有与不粘连膜和粘连膜粘接的聚二氧六环酰胺。
上述的聚二氧六环酰胺与弹性网架的总厚度是0.07-0.2mm。
上述的圆柱体是用镍钛合金或不锈钢材料制成的。
上述的固定线是人体可吸收的聚糖乳酸910线或聚糖乙内酰胺25线。
上述的腹股沟疝内环封口补片的使用方法，包括有如下步骤：
先进行术前影像学检查，再进行步骤(1)至步骤(4)的工作，所述的术前影像学检查是三维CT成像检查或超声检查或疝囊造影检查，根据检查鉴别的腹股沟疝类型、测定疝内口大小，选择腹股沟疝内环封口补片的大小，为进一步治疗做准备。
(1)将腹股沟疝内环封口补片及固定线作为头部从介入管的一端导入，直至腹股沟疝内环封口补片收拢成条状并全部导入介入管内；
(2)将释放杆从介入管的另一端插入，并将进入介入管的释放杆头部插入圆柱体的盲孔内；
(3)在B超的引导下，将有腹股沟疝内环封口补片的介入管的一端经穿刺引导进入人体腹股沟疝内环口内，固定介入管，然后用释放杆推动圆柱体进而带动腹股沟疝内环封口补片逐渐从介入管的端部推出，推出部分的腹股沟疝内环封口补片靠弹性网架的弹性逐渐向四周逐渐张开，直至腹股沟疝内环封口补片从介入管的端部被全部推出，腹股沟疝内环封口补片靠弹性网架的弹性自动平整撑开，使得腹股沟疝内环封口补片的粘连膜与疝内环口的腹膜贴合，并封堵住疝内环口；
(4)将介入管和释放杆从疝内环口内抽出，固定线随之带出穿刺隧道，将固定线在体外皮下打结，直至粘连膜的外壁与疝内环口内的腹膜生长成一体，7-20天后，剪掉体外多余的固定线。
本发明相比现有技术突出且有益的技术效果是：
1、本发明腹股沟疝内环封口补片的不粘连膜可以使得不粘连膜不与腹腔内的器官粘连，保护腹腔内的器官不受损伤，粘连膜采用聚丙烯网膜，可以确保粘连膜与腹膜的可靠粘接，有利于疝内口的封堵生长，而弹性网架采用弹性可折叠的镍钛合金网支架，即可以确保镍钛合金网支架不会对人体的感染及损伤，又可以保证其在介入管内的收拢、在疝内口的伸展及弹性支撑，既保证封堵内口，又加强腹壁的强度，能对腹壁缺损进行修补，防止疝复发。
2、本发明是基于超声引导下的腹股沟疝内口封堵及腹壁缺损修补技术，利用导管介入方式将三层复合式补片送达腹股沟疝内口实施封堵，同时修补缺损腹壁，因为避免了手术，而且创口只有0.5cm，能在局部麻醉下进行，做到真正的微创化，降低操作难度，减轻患者术后疼痛，减少并发症，缩短住院时间，极大提高经济效益，减轻病人痛苦。
3、本发明为腹股沟疝的治疗开辟了全新的途径及方法，适用于对腹股沟疝内环封口及缺损腹壁进行修复，同时也适用于所有腹壁疝的补片修复。
附图说明
图1是本发明的腹股沟疝内环封口补片的剖视图。
图2是本发明的腹股沟疝内环封口补片导入介入管内且与释放杆连接后的剖视图。
图3是本发明的腹股沟疝内环封口补片从介入管内部分推出后的局部剖视图。
图4是本发明的腹股沟疝内环封口补片从介入管内全部推出后的局部剖视图。
图5是本发明的补片粘连膜一侧朝前时的的腹股沟疝内环封口补片的主视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述，参见图1—图5：
腹股沟疝内环封口补片，为圆形的外径为5-10cm且具有良好预设外形记忆功能的弹性网架20，其正面设置有一层与肠管类脏器不粘连的不粘连膜10、背面设置有一层能与腹膜粘连的粘连膜30、中部连接有微型的圆柱体40(外径较小的圆柱体)，圆柱体40的一端伸出粘连膜30外，并在其端面上设置有盲孔41，圆柱体40外壁处的弹性网架20上连接有人体可吸收的固定线42，此固定线42能沿穿刺隧道伸出至体外供打结固定用，所述的弹性网架20是弹性可折叠的镍钛合金网支架，所述的不粘连膜10是再生氧化纤维素膜(ORC)或聚四氟乙烯膜，所述的粘连膜30是聚丙烯网膜。
上述的弹性网架20、不粘连膜10、粘连膜30的厚度均是0.05-0.2mm。
上述的弹性网架20的网孔内及上下表面上设置有可分别与不粘连膜10和粘连膜30粘接的聚二氧六环酰胺。
上述的聚二氧六环酰胺与弹性网架20的总厚度是0.07-0.2mm。
上述的圆柱体40是用镍钛合金或不锈钢材料制成的。
上述的固定线是人体可吸收的聚糖乳酸910线或聚糖乙内酰胺25线。
上述的腹股沟疝内环封口补片的使用方法，包括有如下步骤：
作为准备工作，先进行术前影像学检查，再进行下述步骤(1)至步骤(4)的工作，所述的术前影像学检查是三维CT成像检查或超声检查或疝囊造影检查，根据检查鉴别的腹股沟疝类型、测定疝内口大小，选择腹股沟疝内环封口补片的大小，为进一步治疗做准备；
(1)将腹股沟疝内环封口补片及固定线42作为头部从介入管50的一端导入，直至腹股沟疝内环封口补片收拢成条状并全部导入外径大约3.5mm的介入管50内；
(2)将释放杆51从介入管50的另一端插入，并将进入介入管50的释放杆51头部插入圆柱体40的盲孔41内；
(3)在B超的引导下，将有腹股沟疝内环封口补片的介入管50的一端经穿刺引导进入人体腹股沟疝内环口内，固定介入管50，然后用释放杆51推动圆柱体40，进而带动腹股沟疝内环封口补片逐渐从介入管50的端部推出，推出部分的腹股沟疝内环封口补片靠弹性网架20的弹性向四周逐渐张开，直至腹股沟疝内环封口补片从介入管50的端部被全部推出，腹股沟疝内环封口补片靠弹性网架20的弹性自动平整撑开，使得腹股沟疝内环封口补片的粘连膜30与疝内环口内的腹膜贴合，并封堵住疝内环口；
(4)将介入管50和释放杆51从疝内环口内抽出，固定线随之带出穿刺隧道，将固定线42在体外皮下打结，以对腹股沟疝内环封口补片进行固定，直至粘连膜的外壁与疝内环口内的腹膜生长成一体，7-20天后，剪掉体外多余的固定线42，同时也完成了对缺损腹壁的修补。
上述方法适用于各种腹壁疝。
上述实施例仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非依此限制本发明的保护范围，故：凡依本发明的结构、形状、原理所做的等效变化，均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.腹股沟疝内环封口补片，其特征在于：为圆形的外径为5-10cm且具有良好预设外形记忆功能的弹性网架，其正面设置有一层与肠管类脏器不粘连的不粘连膜、背面设置有一层能与腹膜粘连的粘连膜、中部连接有微型的圆柱体，圆柱体的一端伸出粘连膜外，并在其端面上设置有盲孔，圆柱体外壁处的弹性网架上连接有人体可吸收的固定线，所述的弹性网架是弹性可折叠的镍钛合金网支架，所述的不粘连膜是再生氧化纤维素膜或聚四氟乙烯膜，所述的粘连膜是聚丙烯网膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的腹股沟疝内环封口补片，其特征在于：所述的弹性网架、不粘连膜、粘连膜的厚度均是0.05-0.2mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的腹股沟疝内环封口补片，其特征在于：所述的弹性网架的网孔内及上下表面上设置有与不粘连膜和粘连膜粘接的聚二氧六环酰胺。
4.根据权利要求3所述的腹股沟疝内环封口补片，其特征在于：所述的聚二氧六环酰胺与弹性网架的总厚度是0.07-0.2mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的腹股沟疝内环封口补片，其特征在于：所述的圆柱体是用镍钛合金或不锈钢材料制成的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的腹股沟疝内环封口补片，其特征在于：所述的固定线是人体可吸收的聚糖乳酸910线或聚糖乙内酰胺25线。
7.根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的腹股沟疝内环封口补片的使用方法，其特征在于：包括有如下步骤：
(1)将腹股沟疝内环封口补片及固定线作为头部从介入管的一端导入，直至腹股沟疝内环封口补片收拢成条状并全部导入介入管内；
(2)将释放杆从介入管的另一端插入，并将进入介入管的释放杆头部插入圆柱体的盲孔内；
(3)在B超的引导下，将有腹股沟疝内环封口补片的介入管的一端经穿刺引导进入人体腹股沟疝内环口内，固定介入管，然后用释放杆推动圆柱体进而带动腹股沟疝内环封口补片逐渐从介入管的端部推出，推出部分的腹股沟疝内环封口补片靠弹性网架的弹性逐渐向四周逐渐张开，直至腹股沟疝内环封口补片从介入管的端部被全部推出，腹股沟疝内环封口补片靠弹性网架的弹性自动平整撑开，使得腹股沟疝内环封口补片的粘连膜与疝内环口的腹膜贴合，并封堵住疝内环口；
(4)将介入管和释放杆从疝内环口内抽出，固定线随之带出穿刺隧道，将固定线在体外皮下打结，直至粘连膜的外壁与疝内环口内的腹膜生长成一体，7-20天后，剪掉体外多余的固定线。
8.根据权利要求6所述的腹股沟疝内环封口补片的使用方法，其特征在于：先进行术前影像学检查，再进行步骤(1)至步骤(4)的工作，所述的术前影像学检查是三维CT成像检查或超声检查或疝囊造影检查，根据检查鉴别的腹股沟疝类型、测定疝内口大小，选择腹股沟疝内环封口补片的大小，为进一步治疗做准备。
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