CN107087287B - WSN node energy monitoring method and system based on orthogonal tracing - Google Patents
WSN node energy monitoring method and system based on orthogonal tracing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a WSN node energy monitoring method and a system based on orthogonal tracing, which comprises the following steps: a data tracing stage and a node energy consumption monitoring stage; the data tracing stage comprises the following steps: configuring orthogonal identifiers of sensor nodes, determining a carrier protocol of tracing information, marking the tracing information in the data packet transmission process through superposition multiplexing of the orthogonal identifiers of routing nodes and the tracing data, and after receiving the data packet, respectively performing normalized inner product calculation on the tracing data carried by the data packet and the orthogonal identifiers of each sensor node in the area under jurisdiction to obtain a sensor node set participating in current data packet transmission; and the node energy consumption monitoring stage: and respectively updating the residual energy value of each sensor node in the set according to the sensor node set which is obtained by the data tracing module and participates in the current data packet forwarding, and triggering low-energy prompt on the nodes of which the residual energy is lower than a critical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless sensor network node energy monitoring method, in particular to a wireless sensor network node energy monitoring method and system based on orthogonal tracing.
Background
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are ad-hoc communication systems formed by Sensor nodes deployed in a monitoring area and having data acquisition, communication, storage, and processing capabilities, wherein each Sensor is a node of the network for environmental sensing and transmitting sensed data to a base station in a multi-hop manner. Since wireless sensor nodes have limited energy, the energy consumption problem is a core problem of wireless sensor network technology.
The sensor node is generally composed of a sensing module, a processor module, a storage module, a communication module, a power supply module, embedded software and the like, wherein the energy consumption module mainly comprises the sensing module, the processor module and the communication module. According to the Sensor node energy consumption model provided in EstrinD, Tutorial 'Wireless Sensor Networks' Part IV, Sensor network protocols, Mobile Comm, the weight International Conference on Mobile computing and network engineering Atlanta, Georgia, USA, ACM.2002: 140-; in the communication module, the energy consumption of the node in the transmission state (TX) is the most, the energy consumption of the node in the reception state (RX) and the IDLE state (IDLE) is equivalent and slightly lower than that in the transmission state, and the energy consumption of the node in the SLEEP State (SLEEP) is far lower than that in the reception state (RX) and the IDLE state (IDLE). With the progress of the WSN technology, the wireless sensor network can quickly complete the conversion of the working state of the node, so that the node can quickly enter a sleep state after the working state (transmission and reception) is finished, the energy consumption in an idle state is reduced to the maximum extent, and the non-working energy consumption of the node is minimized. Therefore, the research on the energy model of the existing wireless sensor network mainly focuses on the energy consumption of the nodes in the transmitting and receiving states.
In a wireless sensor network, data is transmitted to a base station in a multi-hop manner. In the process of one-time data transmission, except for a source sending node, all forwarding nodes complete one-time data receiving and one-time data sending, and the energy consumed by the data forwarding accounts for the main part of the energy consumption of the nodes. Therefore, the frequency of the nodes participating in data forwarding can be used as a main basis for evaluating the energy consumption condition of the nodes, and the higher the frequency of data transmission and forwarding is, the higher the energy consumption is.
The wireless sensor network data tracing is the recording, tracing and displaying of the transmission process of a data packet which is finally transmitted to a base station from a source sending node through a plurality of forwarding nodes. In order to provide traceability of a data packet, in the transmission process of the data packet, related information of a midway forwarding node needs to be recorded so as to trace the transmission process of the data packet at a base station according to the information, and the information is called traceability information. Because the transmission process of the data packet in the sensor network can be traced according to the tracing information, the data tracing provides an important way for counting the data forwarding frequency of each sensor node. The invention evaluates the node energy consumption of the wireless sensor network according to the statistical result.
At present, the WSN data tracing technology has the problem that the tracing information quantity is unlimited, namely: the amount of tracing information is proportional to the number of forwarding nodes. Because the computing capacity and the storage capacity of the sensor node are limited, how to control the traceability information amount becomes a key problem of the WSN data traceability technology. To solve the problem, the inventor adopts a data tracing method of a wireless sensor network based on a pseudorandom sequence, Chinese invention patent, application number: 201510646810.9, a wireless sensor network data tracing method based on a pseudo-random sequence is proposed. The method allocates a unique and mutually orthogonal identification sequence to each node, and utilizes the orthogonal characteristic of vectors to realize the superposition multiplexing of the identification sequences of the sensor nodes, namely: before each sensor node forwards data, the identification sequence of each sensor node is superposed with the tracing information in the data packet, and the base station separates the identification information of each sensor node participating in the data packet forwarding from the superposition code of the data packet by utilizing the orthogonality of the identification sequence. The method can effectively control the traceability data volume and opens up a new way for application technology research based on WSN data traceability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a WSN node energy monitoring method and system based on orthogonal tracing, which is characterized in that a base station traces a received data packet by adopting a WSN data tracing method based on orthogonal identification to restore all forwarding nodes participating in the transmission of the data packet; according to the method, the frequency of data forwarding of each sensor node in the area under the control of the base station is counted, and the energy consumption condition of each node is evaluated and monitored according to the counting result.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the WSN node energy monitoring method based on orthogonal tracing comprises the following steps: two stages of data tracing and node energy consumption monitoring;
the data tracing stage comprises the following steps: tracing the data packet received by the base station, and restoring all forwarding nodes participating in the transmission of the data packet, wherein the data tracing stage comprises three parts: (1.1): orthogonal tracing configuration: distributing orthogonal identifications to all sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network, and determining a carrier protocol of the tracing information; (1.2): tracing information marking: each sensor node performs superposition multiplexing on the content of the source tracing data field in the data packet; (1.3) extracting forwarding nodes: the base station obtains a sensor node set participating in current data packet transmission by performing normalized inner product calculation on the content of the traceability data field and the orthogonal identification of each sensor node in the region under jurisdiction;
and the node energy consumption monitoring stage: setting node energy consumption recording tables for all sensor nodes in the area governed by the base station, wherein the node energy consumption recording tables are used for recording the current energy value of each node; when a data packet is received, a sensor node set participating in the data packet transmission is obtained according to the data tracing stage (1.3), a single-hop forwarding energy consumption value is subtracted from the current energy value of each sensor node in the set, and the residual energy value is stored in an energy consumption recording table of the node; and monitoring the residual energy of each node through an energy consumption recording table.
(1.1): the orthogonal tracing configuration comprises the following two sub-steps:
step (1.1.1): allocating orthogonal identification;
any sensor Node in wireless sensor networkrAre uniformly provided with an orthogonal identifier V which is unique and orthogonal to other sensor nodesr＝(vr,1,vr,2,…,vr,n)，vr,k1 or-1, k 1,2, …, n, n representing the orthogonal identified dimension; r is 1,2, …, R represents the number of sensor nodes; noderRepresenting the r-th sensor node; vrAn orthogonal identity representing an r-th sensor node; v. ofr,nAn nth term representing an orthogonal identity of an r-th sensor node;
step (1.1.2): determining a carrier protocol;
selecting a carrier protocol of the tracing information, and setting tracing data fields at the head of a data packet or at the intervals of the data packet and the like according to a grammatical rule of the carrier protocol, wherein the tracing data fields are used for carrying the tracing information;
(1.2): marking tracing information;
before sending data, the source sending node of the data packet writes the orthogonal identifier of the source sending node into the source tracing data field of the current data packet; during the transmission process of the data packet, each time the data packet passes through one routing node, before forwarding the data, the routing node executes the following steps:
step (1.2.1) of reading the value W of the source tracing data field of the current data packetk＝(wk,1,wk,2,…,wk,n)；
Step (1.2.2) to trace the source data field value WkOrthogonal identification with itself V ═ V (V)1,v2,…,vn) Performing superposition operation according to a formula 1;
Wk+1＝Wk+ V (equation 1)
Wherein: wk+1＝(wk+1,1,wk+1,2,…,wk+1,n)；wk+1,i＝wk,i+vi,i＝1,2,…,n
Step (1.2.3) is to code the calculated superposition Wk+1Writing the tracing data field of the data packet;
(1.3): extracting a routing node;
after receiving the data packet, the base station executes the following substeps:
step (1.3.1): fetching the traceback data field value from the packet header (W ═ W1,w2,…,wn)；
Step (1.3.2): performing normalization inner product calculation with W by using orthogonal identification of each node in the area governed by the base station;
let Vt＝(vt,1,vt,2,…,vt,n) For any Node in the administered areatNormalizing the inner product calculation formula as formula 2;
if inner product value tautNot equal to 0, then the Node is representedtParticipating in forwarding of data packets if the inner product value is tautAnd 0, it means that the node is not involved in forwarding the data packet.
Step (1.3.3): obtaining a forwarding Node set C ═ { Node ] participating in current data packet transmissiont|τtNot equal to 0}, i.e.: a set of nodes whose inner product value is not equal to zero.
And the node energy consumption monitoring stage:
let N be { node ═ node1,node2,…,nodemAnd m is the number of nodes. For any noderE, measuring the energy full value of the node and recording as Er(ii) a Measuring the single-hop forwarding energy consumption value of the node,is marked as er(ii) a Setting the minimum energy critical value of the node, and recording as Ur；
The base station sets an energy consumption recording list for all nodes in the area under the jurisdiction of the base station and sets any noderE N, the energy consumption recording table comprises: node address ArNode identification VrAnd residual energy YrWaiting for the table entry;
for any noderE.N, writing the address, the identification and the current energy value into A in the energy consumption record tabler、VrAnd YrWaiting for the table entry; if noderFor new node, its residual energy YrInitialisation to full energy ErNamely: y isr←ErWherein "←" represents a valuation; for example: y isr←ErRepresents that Y isrAssigned a value of Er。
After receiving the data packet, the base station executes the following operation steps:
step (2.1): tracing the source of the current data packet according to the step (1.3) to obtain a tracing result C;
step (2.2): for any NodekE to C, update NodekResidual energy Y in energy consumption recording tablekIs a reaction of YkIs set as YkMinus a single-hop forwarding energy consumption value ekNamely: y isk←(Yk-ek)。
Step (2.3): when the remaining energy Yk<UkWhen so, a low energy prompt is triggered.
The step (1.1.1):
the mutual orthogonality refers to any two sensor nodes NodepAnd NodeqOrthogonal sign V ofp＝(vp,1,vp,2,…,vp,n) And Vq＝(vq,1,vq,2,…,vq,n) Orthogonal to each other, i.e.:
the generation of the orthogonal identifier of the sensor node can adopt the existing orthogonal vector generation method.
Each base station in the wireless sensor network records the orthogonal identification of each sensor node in the area under the jurisdiction of the base station.
Because the wireless sensor network usually contains a large number of sensor nodes, in order to reduce the length of the orthogonal identifier, the orthogonal identifier of each sensor node in the area managed by the same base station is set to have uniqueness according to the scale of the wireless sensor network, or the orthogonal identifier of each sensor node in one area is set to have uniqueness by partitioning the wireless sensor network.
In the step (1.1.2):
the carrier protocol is a WSN data communication protocol which acts between the sensor node and the base station and can carry traceability information.
WSN node energy monitoring system based on orthogonal traceability includes: the system comprises a data tracing module and a node energy consumption monitoring module;
the data tracing module: the module is used for tracing the source of the data packet transmission process and generating a forwarding node set participating in the data packet transmission, and comprises three parts:
an orthogonal identification assignment unit: this unit operates in base station or other WSN management and control sites, and its effect is: generating an orthogonal identifier set, and distributing orthogonal identifiers to each sensor node in the WSN;
a tracing information marking unit: the unit runs in each sensor node and has the following functions: when a data packet needs to be sent (the node is a source sending node), writing the orthogonal identifier of the current node into a source tracing data field of the data packet; when a data packet needs to be forwarded (the node is a routing node), reading a traceability data field of the data packet, performing superposition operation on the read traceability data and the orthogonal identifier of the current sensor node, and writing an operation result into the traceability data field of the data packet.
And (3) extracting a routing node unit: the unit operates in the base station and has the functions of: when a data packet is received, reading the content of a traceability data field of the data packet, and respectively performing normalized inner product calculation on traceability data and orthogonal identifications of each sensor node in the area under the jurisdiction of a base station to obtain a sensor node set participating in forwarding of the current data packet;
the node energy consumption monitoring module: the module operates in the base station and has the functions of: setting a node energy consumption recording table for all sensor nodes in the area governed by the base station, and recording the current energy value of each node; according to the sensor node set which is obtained by the data tracing module and participates in current data packet forwarding, respectively subtracting a single-hop forwarding energy consumption value from the current energy value of each sensor node in the set, and storing the residual energy value into an energy consumption record table of the node; and monitoring the residual energy value in the energy consumption record table of each node in real time, and triggering low-energy prompt on the nodes with the residual energy lower than a critical value.
Innovations of the invention
1. The invention provides a novel method for monitoring energy consumption of a wireless sensor network node according to a data tracing result. The data tracing method has the advantages that the data tracing function is to acquire the frequency of the sensor node for forwarding data, and the energy consumption of the sensor node is evaluated and monitored according to the frequency of the data forwarding.
2. The method combines the vector orthogonality theory and the energy consumption problem of the sensor nodes, and has ingenious design and good realizability.
The invention has the advantages of
1. The method realizes the on-line, real-time and intuitive monitoring of the energy consumption condition of each node of the wireless sensor network, and the monitoring result can be used as the important basis for the management and control of the wireless sensor network, the service time of the wireless sensor network is prolonged, and the position of the base station is selected.
2. The invention provides an effective method for monitoring energy consumption of sensor nodes by using data tracing results, and the method has the advantages of small occupation of sensor node resources, ingenious design and simple realization.
3. The invention provides a new research approach for the wireless sensor network application technology based on energy distribution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the traceback data tagging method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of monitoring energy consumption of sensor nodes according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working process of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, in the transmission process of a data packet, each time a routing node passes through, the current routing node superimposes its orthogonal identifier on the traceable data field of the data packet.
As shown in fig. 2, after receiving a data packet, a base station reads a traceable data field of the data packet, and performs normalized inner product calculation on the traceable data and orthogonal identifiers of nodes in a governed area respectively to obtain a routing node set participating in data packet transmission; all nodes in the set complete one-time data forwarding operation (the source node needs to complete data packet encapsulation and other operations, and the energy consumption is approximately equal to that of the routing node), so that one-time single-hop forwarding energy is consumed, and one single-hop forwarding energy consumption is subtracted from the residual energy value in the energy consumption record table of each node in the set; according to the mode, the base station evaluates and monitors the energy consumption of all sensor nodes in the area under the jurisdiction, and triggers low-energy prompt on the nodes with the residual energy lower than the critical value.
As shown in fig. 3, a data packet is sent from a source sending node a, and when routing nodes x, y, and z, the superposition multiplexing of the traceable data is completed according to the flow described in fig. 1; after arriving at a base station, tracing data according to the flow illustrated in fig. 2 to obtain a node set C participating in data packet transmission { a, x, y, z }; according to the set C, the energy consumption of the nodes a, x, Y and z is evaluated, and the residual energy Y of the nodes is obtaineda、Yx、Yy、YzRespectively subtracting one-time single-hop forwarding energy consumption.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The WSN node energy monitoring method based on orthogonal tracing is characterized by comprising the following steps: two stages of data tracing and node energy consumption monitoring;
the data tracing stage comprises the following steps: tracing the data packet received by the base station, and restoring all forwarding nodes participating in the transmission of the data packet, wherein the data tracing stage comprises three parts: (1.1): orthogonal tracing configuration: distributing orthogonal identifications to all sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network, and determining a carrier protocol of the tracing information; (1.2): tracing information marking: each sensor node performs superposition multiplexing on the content of the source tracing data field in the data packet; (1.3) extracting forwarding nodes: the base station obtains a sensor node set participating in current data packet transmission by performing normalized inner product calculation on the content of the traceability data field and the orthogonal identification of each sensor node in the region under jurisdiction;
and the node energy consumption monitoring stage: setting node energy consumption recording tables for all sensor nodes in the area governed by the base station, wherein the node energy consumption recording tables are used for recording the current energy value of each node; when a data packet is received, a sensor node set participating in the data packet transmission is obtained according to the data tracing stage (1.3), a single-hop forwarding energy consumption value is subtracted from the current energy value of each sensor node in the set, and the residual energy value is stored in an energy consumption recording table of the node; and monitoring the residual energy of each node through an energy consumption recording table.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein (1.1): the orthogonal tracing configuration comprises the following two sub-steps:
step (1.1.1): allocating orthogonal identification;
any sensor Node in wireless sensor networkrAre uniformly provided with an orthogonal identifier V which is unique and orthogonal to other sensor nodesr＝(vr，1，vr，2，…，vr，n)，vr，k1 or-1, k 1,2, n, n representing the dimension of the orthogonal identifier; r is 1,2,..., R, R represents the number of sensor nodes; noderRepresenting the r-th sensor node; vrAn orthogonal identity representing an r-th sensor node; v. ofr，nAn nth term representing an orthogonal identity of an r-th sensor node;
step (1.1.2): determining a carrier protocol;
and selecting a carrier protocol of the tracing information, and setting a tracing data field at the head of the data packet or at the interval position of the data packet according to a syntax rule of the carrier protocol, wherein the tracing data field is used for carrying the tracing information.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein (1.2): marking tracing information;
before sending data, the source sending node of the data packet writes the orthogonal identifier of the source sending node into the source tracing data field of the current data packet; during the transmission process of the data packet, each time the data packet passes through one routing node, before forwarding the data, the routing node executes the following steps:
step (1.2.1) of reading the value W of the source tracing data field of the current data packetk＝(wk，1，wk，2，…，wk，n)；
Step (1.2.2) to trace the source data field value WkOrthogonal identification with itself V ═ V (V)1，v2，…，vn) Performing superposition operation according to a formula 1;
Wk+1＝Wk+ V (equation 1)
Wherein: wk+1＝(wk+1，1，wk+1，2，…，wk+1，n)；wk+1，i＝wk，i+vi，i＝1，2，...，n
Step (1.2.3) is to code the calculated superposition Wk+1And writing the tracing data field of the data packet.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein (1.3): extracting a forwarding node;
after receiving the data packet, the base station executes the following substeps:
step (1.3.1): slave dataThe packet header fetch traceback data field value W ═ W (W)1，w2，...，wn)；
Step (1.3.2): performing normalization inner product calculation with W by using orthogonal identification of each node in the area governed by the base station;
let Vt＝(vt，1，vt，2，…，vt，n) For any Node in the administered areatNormalizing the inner product calculation formula as formula 2;
if inner product value tautNot equal to 0, then the Node is representedtParticipating in forwarding of data packets if the inner product value is tautIf the node is not involved in forwarding the data packet, 0 is used for indicating that the node is not involved in forwarding the data packet;
step (1.3.3): obtaining a forwarding Node set C ═ { Node ] participating in current data packet transmissiont|τtNot equal to 0}, i.e.: a set of nodes whose inner product value is not equal to zero.
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the node energy consumption monitoring phase:
let N be { node ═ node1，node2，...，nodemThe method comprises the following steps that (1) a set of all sensor nodes in an area governed by a base station is obtained, and m is the number of the nodes; for any noderE, measuring the energy full value of the node and recording as Er(ii) a Measuring the single-hop forwarding energy consumption value of the node and recording as er(ii) a Setting the minimum energy critical value of the node, and recording as Ur；
The base station sets an energy consumption recording list for all nodes in the area under the jurisdiction of the base station and sets any noderE N, the energy consumption recording table comprises: node address ArNode identification VrAnd residual energy Yr；
For any noderE.N, writing the address, the orthogonal identification and the current energy value into A in the energy consumption record tabler、YrAnd YrTable entries; if noderFor new node, its residual energy YrInitialisation to full energy ErNamely: y isr←ErWherein "←" represents a valuation;
after receiving the data packet, the base station executes the following operation steps:
step (2.1): tracing the source of the current data packet according to the step (1.3) to obtain a tracing result C;
step (2.2): for any NodekE to C, update NodekResidual energy Y in energy consumption recording tablekIs a reaction of YkIs set as YkMinus a single-hop forwarding energy consumption value ekNamely: y isk←(Yk-ek)；
Step (2.3): when the remaining energy Yk＜UkWhen so, a low energy prompt is triggered.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the step (1.1.1):
the mutual orthogonality refers to any two sensor nodes NodepAnd NodeqOrthogonal sign V ofp＝(vp，1，vp，2，…，vp，n) And Vq＝(vq，1，vq，2，…，vq，n) Orthogonal to each other, i.e.:
7. the method as set forth in claim 1, wherein,
each base station in the wireless sensor network records the orthogonal identification of each sensor node in the area under the jurisdiction of the base station;
in order to reduce the length of the orthogonal identifier, the orthogonal identifier of each sensor node in the area under the jurisdiction of the same base station is set to have uniqueness according to the scale of the wireless sensor network, or the wireless sensor network is partitioned, and the orthogonal identifier of each sensor node in one area is set to have uniqueness.
8. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step (1.1.2):
the carrier protocol is a WSN data communication protocol which acts between the sensor node and the base station and can carry tracing information.
9. WSN node energy monitoring system based on orthogonal traceability, characterized by including: the system comprises a data tracing module and a node energy consumption monitoring module;
the data tracing module: the data source tracing module is used for tracing the source of a data packet transmission process and generating a forwarding node set participating in the data packet transmission, and comprises three parts:
an orthogonal identification assignment unit: the method is operated in a base station or a WSN management and control site, and has the following functions: generating an orthogonal identifier set, and distributing orthogonal identifiers to each sensor node in the WSN;
a tracing information marking unit: the functions of the system are as follows: when a data packet needs to be sent, writing the orthogonal identification of the current node into a tracing data field of the data packet; when a data packet needs to be forwarded, reading a traceability data field of the data packet, performing superposition operation on the read traceability data and the orthogonal identifier of the current sensor node, and writing an operation result into the traceability data field of the data packet;
and (3) extracting a routing node unit: the method is operated in a base station and has the following functions: when a data packet is received, reading the content of a traceability data field of the data packet, and respectively performing normalized inner product calculation on traceability data and orthogonal identifications of each sensor node in the area under the jurisdiction of a base station to obtain a sensor node set participating in forwarding of the current data packet;
the node energy consumption monitoring module: the method is operated in a base station and has the following functions: setting a node energy consumption recording table for all sensor nodes in the area governed by the base station, and recording the current energy value of each node; according to the sensor node set which is obtained by the data tracing module and participates in current data packet forwarding, respectively subtracting a single-hop forwarding energy consumption value from the current energy value of each sensor node in the set, and storing the residual energy value into an energy consumption record table of the node; and monitoring the residual energy value in the energy consumption record table of each node in real time, and triggering low-energy prompt on the nodes with the residual energy lower than a critical value.
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| CN101409940A (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2009-04-15 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Route selection method for wireless sensor network facing to target tracking application |
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| CN103973801A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-08-06 | 中南大学 | Wireless sensor network source tracing and tracking method |
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