CN107085636A - The method for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete - Google Patents
The method for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, (1) analysis, which is calculated, determines Concrete Design age compression strength；(2) concrete 28d age compression strength is calculated；(3) the full age compression strength of concrete is calculated.The calculation formula of the inventive method is simple, the statistical analysis of concrete adulterated with fly ash compressive strength test achievement is organized from a large amount of actual underground engineerings more than 250, the relation of underground engineering concrete crushing strength and age can rationally be reflected, relation between typical age compression strength, the influence of doping quantity of fly ash, can the full age compression strength of high precision computation underground engineering concrete rapidly, it can be completely applied to actual engineering design calculating, safety evaluation and military service life search, and doping quantity of fly ash influence research etc., particularly Preliminary design and on-site real-time calculation and analysis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to concrete construction engineering calculation, safety evaluation and military service life search and doping quantity of fly ash
Studying technological domain is influenceed, specifically a kind of method for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete.
Background technology
Underground engineering high speed development in the last few years, scale is increasing, and structure also becomes increasingly complex, to its security, longevity
The requirement of life also more and more higher.When carrying out labyrinth design calculating, safety evaluation and military service life search, it is necessary to calculate this
The full age compression strength of engineering concrete.
In some full age compression strength calculations being fully established in experimental basis, although precision is high, but experiment
Time length, costly, Preliminary design, work progress real-time optimization for mini engineering and heavy construction are difficult, coagulations
Heavy construction more than soil species class is also to be difficult to accomplish comprehensively.
Therefore, Zhu Baifang academician proposes R for ground mass concrete (matching somebody with somebody to level) by a large amount of laboratory testsc28
Calculating empirical equation (see《Mass concrete temperature stress and temperature control》) and full age compression strength calculation formula：
Rc28=A Rc 28(C/W-B) (1)
Rc(τ)=Rc28[1+mln(τ/28)] (2)
In formula：Rc28The compression strength of -28d age concretes, MPa；
C- cement consumptions, kg/m3；
W- water consumptions, kg/m3；
Rc 28- 28d ages strength of cement (bright degumming method), MPa；
A, B- test coefficient, are shown in《Mass concrete temperature stress and temperature control》；
Rc(τ)-age τ concrete crushing strength, MPa；
τ-age, d；
M-coefficient, it is relevant with cement type.
Coefficient m, recommends the result of the test of China Water Resources ＆ Hydropower Science Research Institute：Portland slag cement, m=0.2471；
Portland cement, m=0.1727；Portland cement, mixes 60% flyash, m=0.3817.
Due to very differents such as the cement in each engineering, sandstone aggregate, additives, each relevant specification is most for concrete
It is that, using 28d ages as design age, to meet engineering design and construction basic demand, typically can all carry out concrete mix excellent
Change and 28d age compressive strength tests.It is existing《Design of hydraulic concrete structures specification》Recommend various strength grade concrete
Standard value, test value, and correspondence portland slag cement, Portland cement, portland-pozzolan cement are pushed away in annex
Recommend the design factor (table 1) of 7d, 60d, 90d and 28d strength relationship.
The compression strength ratio of the concrete different larval instar of table 1
Note：Intensity rate is based on 28d age strengths, to be adapted to below C30 concrete in table, mixed for more than C30
Solidifying soil intensity rate must be determined by testing.
In recent years, around high-performance coagulation of the underground engineering to the requirement such as high-strength, impact-resisting wear-resisting, impervious, freeze proof, anticracking
Soil is developed, and concrete performance constantly improves optimization.Such as high performance additive incorporation concrete water amount reduction, intensity is improved, applied
Work performance improvement so that above formula (1) calculates Rc28It is worth error increase；Flyash is mixed, and underground engineering mostly 10%~
30% so that the full age compression strength evolution of concrete changes, and above-mentioned formula (2) recommends m values to be all applicable again, in table 1
Ratio also no longer be applicable.And table 1 is only suitable for below C30 concrete, the flood discharging tunnel of underground engineering particularly large hydropower station
Deng being mostly more than C30 high-strength concretes, the even up to C70 (Xiao Langdi flood discharging tunnel) having, table 1 can not be applicable completely.In addition,
Unit spiral case, rock anchorage beam, the lining cutting of flood discharging tunnel bottom plate even side wall lining concrete in underground engineering, in order to reduce construction time temperature
Crack is spent, as far as possible using pump concrete；And the structure such as flood discharging tunnel side and roof arch then uses pumping construction mostly, level is with few, water
Mud consumption is big, and additive is more, and concrete performance and its development law are completely inconsistent with pump concrete.
In summary situation illustrates, the computational methods of full age compression strength, can not be adapted to modern underground work at present
Journey high performance concrete compression strength full age calculates, it is impossible to meet the need such as design calculating, safety evaluation and military service life search
Want, particularly the design calculating of fly ash and its different doping quantity of fly ash concrete underground engineering structures, safety evaluation kimonos
Life search etc. is used as a servant, differentiation pumping and the significant difference such as pump concrete binder materials and its consumption, additive can not be reflected
The influence brought.Therefore, in the urgent need to difference pumping, pumping classification, propose based on modern underground engineering concrete adulterated with fly ash
New full age compression strength calculation formula and method that test result is drawn.
The content of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art involved by background section above underground work is calculated there is provided one kind
The method of the full age compression strength of journey concrete.
In view of the above mentioned problem of prior art, according to one side disclosed by the invention, the present invention uses following technology
Scheme：
A kind of computational methods for the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, including：
Step 1: analysis, which is calculated, determines Concrete Design age compression strength；
Step 2: obtaining concrete 28d age compression strength；
Step 3: calculating the full age compression strength of concrete.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, further technical scheme is：
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step one is to be tried according to design specification and flyash concrete performance
Achievement is tested, analysis determines that Concrete Design age compression strength calculates value；
Or determine that concrete is set according to underground engineering concrete structure position design strength grade of concrete and design specification
Count age compression strength.
According to another embodiment of the invention, in the case where having and can carry out concrete performance test, according to examination
Test achievement and proper calculation determines Concrete Design age compression strength.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is 28d age compression strength Rc28In the case of test value, choose
28d age compression strength Rc28Test value is used as the concrete 28d age compression strength values obtained in the step 2.
According to another embodiment of the invention, in the case where Concrete Design age is 28d, with concrete 28d
Age compression strength Rc28It is used as the concrete 28d age compression strength values obtained in the step 2.
According to another embodiment of the invention, in the case where Concrete Design age is 90d, in the step 2
Concrete 28d age compression strength Rc28Calculated by below equation (1)：
Rc90=10.3944+0.9898Rc28 (1)
In formula, Rc28And Rc90For concrete 28d and 90d age compression strength, units MPa；
α is the percentage of doping quantity of fly ash and total binder materials ratio in concrete.
According to another embodiment of the invention, in the case where Concrete Design age is 7d, in the step 2
Concrete 28d age compression strength Rc28Calculated by below equation (2)：
Rc28=8.2535+1.2561Rc7 (2)
In formula, Rc7、Rc28For concrete seven d, 28d age compression strength, units MPa；
α is the percentage of doping quantity of fly ash and total binder materials ratio in concrete.
The present invention can also be：
According to another embodiment of the invention, the full age compression strength R of concrete in the step 3cCalculating side
Method is by the compression strength R of age τ, 28d concretec28Formula (3) calculating is substituted into doping quantity of fly ash α in concrete to obtain：
Rc(τ)=Rc28[1+0.2062ln(τ/28)] (3)
In formula, Rc(τ)-age τ concrete crushing strength, units MPa；
Rc28The compression strength of-age 28d concrete, units MPa；
The percentage of doping quantity of fly ash and total binder materials ratio in α-concrete；
τ-age, unit d.
Compared with prior art, one of beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention a kind of full age compression strength of calculating underground engineering concrete method, its by largely practically under
The statistical analysis of engineering concrete crushing strength test result, can rationally reflect underground engineering concrete crushing strength and age
Relation between relation, typical age compression strength, and doping quantity of fly ash influence, can high precision computation underground work rapidly
The full age compression strength of journey concrete, can be completely applied to actual engineering design calculating, safety evaluation and military service life search,
And doping quantity of fly ash influences research etc., particularly Preliminary design and on-site real-time calculation and analysis；And calculation formula is simple, uses
It is convenient.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to embodiment for clearer explanation present specification embodiment or technical scheme of the prior art
Or the accompanying drawing used required in the description of prior art is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only
It is the reference to the embodiment of some in present specification, for those skilled in the art, is not paying creative work
In the case of, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the relation curve schematic diagram of concrete 90d compression strength and 28d compression strength.
Fig. 2 is concrete 28d compression strength and 7d compression strength relation curve schematic diagrames.
Fig. 3 is concrete crushing strength and 28d compression strength ratio and age relation curve schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the full age compression strength curve synoptic diagram of underground power station unit spiral case C25 normal concretes.
Fig. 5 is the full age compression strength curve synoptic diagram of flood discharging tunnel lining cutting C9040 pump concretes.
Fig. 6 is underground engineering concrete crushing strength statistical form (subordinate list 1).
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.
The problem of in order to solve above-mentioned background technology, the present invention is built with China Three Gorges Corporation's organization development
Three Gorges Permanent and right bank underground power station, Xi Luo Du reservoir, Xiangjiabahydropower project, white crane beach power station, black East Germany water power
Stand etc. based on the super-huge group of underground engineering concrete adulterated with fly ash more than 250 result of the test, adopt the following technical scheme that and ground
Study carefully.
A kind of method for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, comprises the following steps：
(1) analysis, which is calculated, determines Concrete Design age compression strength；
(2) concrete 28d age compression strength is calculated；
(3) the full age compression strength of concrete is calculated.
For specific underground engineering (including its entire infrastructure position), designer will typically advise according to relevant design
Model, the rank of building, runtime engineering structure security and the requirement such as antiseepage, freeze proof, anti-erosion, impact-resisting wear-resisting, it is determined that tool
The technical indicator of body structure position concrete, including design age (most 28d, also have plenty of 90d, 180d) compression strength and full
The life requirements such as impervious, the freeze proof, anti-erosion of foot, antiscour.Definition phase, the leading commission of designer either designer
Special scientific research people, also, according to designing technique index, coagulation will be carried out using engineering raw material to the concrete at concrete structure position
Native mixtures optimal design, carries out the relevant design objective performance test of concrete, recommends coordination in works.In work progress, construction
Unit is general referring again to coordination in works is recommended, and carries out 28d compression strength and workability experiment, is met in 28d compression strength
Coordination in works is determined on the premise of design requirement.
Above-mentioned steps (1) analysis, which is calculated, determines Concrete Design age compression strength, is common according to relevant with designer
Design specification and concrete performance test achievement, analysis determine that Concrete Design age compression strength calculates value.For small-sized
Engineering and the situation without progress concrete performance test (such as feasibility study design phase), set according to underground engineering concrete structure position
Count strength grade of concrete (including design age) and relevant design specification calculate determination Concrete Design age compression strength (by
In compressive strength test value be all standard cube compression test value, therefore the value can take configuration intensity)；Comprehensively set having
The situation of index performance test is counted, Concrete Design age compression strength is determined according to test result and relevant proper calculation.
Above-mentioned steps (2) calculate concrete 28d age compression strength, are to calculate the concrete determined according to step (1) to set
Age compression strength is counted to calculate.When Concrete Design age is 28d, concrete 28d age compression strength Rc28Equal to design age
Phase compression strength；When there is 28d age compression strength Rc28During test value, 28d age compression strength R can be takenc28Test value；When mixed
When solidifying soil design age is 90d, R is calculated by formula (1)c28：
Rc90=10.3944+0.9898Rc28 (1)
In formula, Rc28And Rc90For concrete 28d and 90d age compression strength, units MPa；α is flyash mixed in concrete
Amount and the percentage of total binder materials ratio.
If only carried out concrete seven d ages compressive strength test (such as construction time), it can be calculated by formula (2)
Rc28：
Rc28=8.2535+1.2561Rc7 (2)
In formula, Rc7、Rc28For concrete seven d, 28d age compression strength, units MPa；α be concrete in doping quantity of fly ash with
The percentage of total binder materials ratio.
Above-mentioned steps (3) calculate the full age compression strength of concrete adulterated with fly ash, are by the resistance to compression of age τ, 28d concrete
Intensity Rc28Formula (3) calculating is substituted into doping quantity of fly ash α in concrete to obtain
Rc(τ)=Rc28[1+0.2062ln(τ/28)] (3)
In formula：Rc(τ)-age τ concrete crushing strength, units MPa；
Rc28The compression strength of-age 28d concrete, units MPa；
The percentage of doping quantity of fly ash and total binder materials ratio in α-concrete；
τ-age, unit d.
The formula (3) of the formulas (1) of above-mentioned steps (2), formula (2) and step (3) is obtained according to the following technical scheme enumerated.
The Three Gorges Key Water Projects of China Three Gorges Corporation's development ＆ construction, Xi Luo Du reservoir, Xiangjiabahydropower project,
White crane beach power station, black East Germany power station, during super-huge underground engineering construction therein is carried out, have carried out more than 250 groups
Underground engineering concrete adulterated with fly ash is tested, and compression strength statistics is listed in subordinate list 1 (form shown in Fig. 6).
Formula (1) concrete 90d ages of above-mentioned steps (2) and 28d age compression strength relations, are that subordinate list 1 is tested into
Concrete 90d ages carry out what linear statistical (Fig. 1) analysis was obtained with 28d ages compression strength in fruit.
Formula (2) concrete 28d ages of above-mentioned steps (2) and 7d age compression strength relations, are to the test result of subordinate list 1
Middle concrete 28d ages carry out what linear statistical (Fig. 2) analysis was obtained with 7d ages compression strength.
Formula (3) concrete crushing strength and the relation of age of above-mentioned steps (3), are by coagulation in the test result of subordinate list 1
Native 7d, 28d, 90d, 180d, 360d age compression strength, is converted into Rc/Rc28Linear statistical is carried out with ln (τ/28) relation
What (Fig. 3) analysis was obtained.
Example 1：Underground workshop Rock Crane Rail Support concrete
Xi Luo Du reservoir underground power house unit spiral case Breadth Maximum 27.69m, spiral case inlet diameter 7.20m.Spiral case coagulation
Soil application work takes placement layer by layer from the bottom up, and height of lift height pattern is about 1.50~2.0m, and the rate of climb is 0.3~0.5m/h.Snail
Shell Concrete Design is thought of as 28 days graduation two C25 normal concretes.When the feasibility study design phase carries out structure design, using limited
First method calculates the security under construction time to runtime in each stage dynamic Static behavior, it is therefore desirable to carry out full age compression strength
Calculate.
(1) analysis, which is calculated, determines Concrete Design age compression strength
The feasibility study design phase, do not carry out concrete performance test.According to《Hydroelectric station design specification》, underground power station unit
Spiral case uses C25 normal concretes (design age 28d).According to《Concrete for hydraulic structure testing regulations (SL 352-2006)》Annex
A, the preparation strength of concrete
fcu,0=fcu,k+tσ (4)
In formula：fcu,0For the preparation strength of concrete, MPa；
fcu,kFor the design compression strength of design age, MPa；
T is selected to ensure rate coefficient by given fraction P；
σ is concrete crushing strength standard deviation, MPa.
According to《Design of hydraulic concrete structures specification》The 4.1.2 articles:Strength grade of concrete should be by cube pressure resistance
Spend standard value to determine ... ..., the compression strength with 95% fraction measured with standard test method in 28d ages.By《Water
Work concrete test code (SL 352-2006)》Table A .2.2, the t values 1.645 of 95% fraction；C25 is checked in by Table A .2.4 to mix
Solidifying soil compressive strength standard difference 4.0MPa.Substitution formula (4) calculates the preparation strength 31.58MPa of concrete.So concrete
28d design ages compression strength is 31.58MPa.
(2) concrete 28d age compression strength is calculated
It is 31.58MPa that the concrete 28d design ages compression strength determined is calculated according to step (1).Work as Concrete Design
When age is 28d, concrete 28d age compression strength Rc28Equal to design age compression strength 31.58MPa.
(3) the full age compression strength of concrete is calculated
The compression strength 31.58MPa of age τ and 28d concrete is substituted into formula (5), you can calculate Xi Luo Du reservoir machine
The group full age compression strength of spiral case C25 normal concretes, typical age compression strength value is listed in table 2, and full age compression strength is shown
In Fig. 4.
The unit spiral case C25 normal concretes of table 2 typical case's age compression strength unit：MPa
| Age (my god) | 7 | 28 | 90 | 180 | 360 | 720 | 1080 | 1440 |
| Calculated value | 22.55 | 31.58 | 39.18 | 43.70 | 48.21 | 52.72 | 55.36 | 57.24 |
| Test value | 26.8 | 35.2 | 45.8 | 51.6 | ||||
| Error (%) | 15.8 | 10.3 | 14.4 | 15.3 | ||||
| Corrected Calculation value | 25.14 | 35.2 | 43.67 | 48.71 | 53.74 | 58.77 | 61.71 | 63.80 |
| Error after amendment | 6.2 | 0.0 | 4.6 | 5.6 |
(4) error analysis
In the definition phase, designing unit has carried out performance test, typical age to unit spiral case C25 normal concretes
Compressive strength test result is also found in the form of accompanying drawing 6.6 compression strength formula (3) calculated values and test value error with reference to the accompanying drawings
Analysis is calculated, is all that test value is more than calculated value, maximum relative error 15.8%.Reason is that the feasibility study design phase does not enter
Row concrete performance test, takes the compression strength of design age to be equal to preparation strength (calculated value), and in engineering for safety,
The intensity of actual disposition concrete is both greater than calculating preparation strength, i.e. proof strength and is more than calculating preparation strength.Certainly, so take
It is also relatively safe that value, which calculates the full age compression strength of concrete,.
If using 28d ages test value substitute into formula (3) calculate the full age compression strength of concrete, error very little (see
Error after the correction value of table 2 and amendment), maximum relative error 6.2%.
Error analysis result shows that the inventive method is science, and calculation formula precision is high, recommends to calculate in code requirement
Preparation strength substitutes into formula (3) and calculates the full age compression strength of concrete, and error is slightly larger, relatively safety；Tested using 28d ages
It is worth substitution formula (3) and calculates the full age compression strength of concrete, precision is high.
Example 2：Flood discharging tunnel lining concrete
Some hydropower station is big (one) type, and flood discharging tunnel is I grade of building.Flood discharging tunnel is without pressure section lining concrete design strength etc.
Level is C9040 normal concretes.Carrying out needing to carry out full age resistance to compression when liner structure lining cutting runtime security calculates analysis
The calculating of intensity.
(1) analysis, which is calculated, determines Concrete Design age compression strength
Flood discharging tunnel needs just to come into operation for quite a long time after building up, thus is designed using 90d ages, concrete strength etc.
Level C9040.In view of the importance of flood discharging tunnel safe operation, has carried out lining concrete mixtures optimal design during design of bid
With comprehensive design objective performance test.According to test result, 90d age compression strength values 54.1MPa, i.e. concrete 90d is set
Count age compression strength 54.1MPa.
(2) concrete 28d age compression strength is calculated
Concrete Design age is 90d, and 90d design age compression strength 54.1MPa is substituted into formula (3) calculates Rc28=
(54.1-10.3944)/0.9898=44.16MPa.
(3) the full age compression strength of concrete is calculated
The compression strength 44.16MPa of age τ and 28d concrete is substituted into formula (3), you can calculate small stream Lip river and cross flood discharging tunnel
C90The full age compression strength of 40 pump concretes, typical age compression strength value is listed in table 3, and full age compression strength is shown in Fig. 5.
The flood discharging tunnel lining cutting C of table 39040 pump concretes typical case's age compression strength unit：MPa
| Age (my god) | 7 | 28 | 90 | 180 | 360 | 720 | 1080 | 1440 |
| Calculated value | 31.54 | 44.16 | 54.1 | 61.10 | 67.42 | 73.73 | 77.42 | 80.04 |
| Test value | 30 | 44.6 | 54.1 | 58.8 | ||||
| Error (%) | -5.1 | 1.0 | -1.3 | -3.9 |
(4) error analysis
Table 2 and Fig. 5 results show, compression strength formula (3) calculated value and test value error very little, worst error only 5.1%.
Above example Calculation results show that calculation formula of the present invention is simple, can rationally reflect that underground engineering mixes fine coal
Relation between the relation of grey concrete crushing strength and age, typical age compression strength, and doping quantity of fly ash influence,
Can the full age compression strength of high precision computation underground engineering concrete adulterated with fly ash rapidly, can be completely applied to Practical Project
Design calculating, safety evaluation and military service life search etc., particularly Preliminary design and on-site real-time calculation and analysis.
Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete adulterated with fly ash and calculated, and passes through
Appropriate adjustment and deformation, can be applied in similar engineering particularly ground surface works structure completely.Obviously, the skill of this area
Art personnel can carry out the deformation of some formula structures without departing from scope and spirit of the present invention to the present invention.If these change
Dynamic and deformation belongs in the range of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies, then the intention invented also comprising these changes and becomes
Including shape.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to spirit explanation for example of the invention.Technology neck belonging to of the invention
The technical staff in domain can be made various modifications or supplement to described specific embodiment or be replaced using similar mode
Generation, but without departing from the spiritual of the present invention or surmount scope defined in appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, it is characterised in that including：
Step 1: analysis, which is calculated, determines Concrete Design age compression strength；
Step 2: obtaining concrete 28d age compression strength；
Step 3: calculating the full age compression strength of concrete.
2. the method according to claim 1 for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, it is characterised in that institute
It is that, according to design specification and flyash concrete performance test achievement, analysis determines Concrete Design age pressure resistance to state step one
Degree calculates value；
Or Concrete Design age is determined according to underground engineering concrete structure position design strength grade of concrete and design specification
Phase compression strength.
3. the method according to claim 2 for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, it is characterised in that
Have in the case of can carrying out concrete performance test, Concrete Design age resistance to compression is determined according to test result and proper calculation
Intensity.
4. the method according to claim 1 for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, it is characterised in that
There is 28d age compression strength Rc28In the case of test value, 28d age compression strength R is chosenc28Test value is used as the step 2
The concrete 28d age compression strength values of middle acquisition.
5. the method according to claim 1 for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, it is characterised in that
In the case that Concrete Design age is 28d, with concrete 28d age compression strength Rc28It is used as what is obtained in the step 2
Concrete 28d age compression strength values.
6. the method according to claim 1 for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, it is characterised in that
In the case that Concrete Design age is 90d, concrete 28d age compression strength R in the step 2c28Pass through below equation
(1) calculate：
Rc90=10.3944+0.9898Rc28 (1)
In formula, Rc28And Rc90For concrete 28d and 90d age compression strength, units MPa；
α is the percentage of doping quantity of fly ash and total binder materials ratio in concrete.
7. the method according to claim 1 for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, it is characterised in that
In the case that Concrete Design age is 7d, concrete 28d age compression strength R in the step 2c28Pass through below equation
(2) calculate：
Rc28=8.2535+1.2561Rc (2)
In formula, Rc7、Rc28For concrete seven d, 28d age compression strength, units MPa；
α is the percentage of doping quantity of fly ash and total binder materials ratio in concrete.
8. the method according to claim 1 for calculating the full age compression strength of underground engineering concrete, it is characterised in that institute
State the full age compression strength R of concrete in step 3cComputational methods be by the compression strength R of age τ, 28d concretec28With
Doping quantity of fly ash α substitutes into formula (3) calculating and obtained in concrete：
Rc(τ)=Rc28[1+0.2062ln(τ/28)] (3)
In formula, Rc(τ)-age τ concrete crushing strength, units MPa；
Rc28The compression strength of-age 28d concrete, units MPa；
The percentage of doping quantity of fly ash and total binder materials ratio in α-concrete；
τ-age, unit d.
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